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Yang H, Li X, Cao X, Lu S, Zheng X. The toxicity assessment of 14 biocides for industrial circulating cooling water system by damage/repair pathway profiling analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023:104156. [PMID: 37217027 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of 14 biocides commonly used in circulating cooling water systems were evaluated. Results showed that biocide exposure can induce complex damage/repair pathways, including DNA, oxidative, protein, general, and membrane stress. All damages enhanced with increasing concentrations. Among them, MTC exhibited toxicity at concentrations as low as 1.00×10-17mg/L, and TELItotal reached 1.60. We derived molecular toxicity endpoints based on dose-response curves to compare the normalized toxicity of biocides. Total-TELI1.5 exhibited that THPS, MTC, and DBNPA have the lowest toxic exposure concentrations, which are 2.180×10-27, 1.015×10-14, and 3.523×10-6 mg/L. TBTC, MTC, and 2,4-DCP had the highest Total-TELImax values, which are 861.70, 526.30, and 248.30. Moreover, there was a high correlation (R2=0.43~0.97) between biocides' molecular structure and toxicity. And, biocide exposure combinations were found to increase toxicity pathways and enhance toxic effects, with a similar toxicity mechanism observed as in single-component exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China; School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Xin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Sijia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China; School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China; National Supervision & Inspection Center of Environmental Protection Equipment Quality, Jiangsu, Yixing 214205, China.
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2
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Zheng K, Guo Y, Hu X, Yu Y, Chen J, Su J, Lian W, Wu X, Meng X. Simultaneous detection of four pesticides in agricultural products by a modified QuEChERS method and LC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2023; 58:150-157. [PMID: 36728597 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2173926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A modified QuEChERS pretreatment method and LC-MS/MS technique were performed to simultaneously determine four pesticide (Hexachlorophene, Dinex, Dinosam, Dinoterb) residues in agricultural products. Through the optimization of LC-MS/MS detection parameters in SIM mode, the optimal instrument conditions are obtained. The modified QuEChERS method was used to pretreat the samples. Solid phase extractants PSA, C18 and GCB were used for sample purification. The research results showed that the correlation coefficients of the four pesticides were all greater than 0.991, which had a good linear relationship. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) of the four pesticides were 0.05-0.56 μg/kg. The recoveries were 70.51-113.20% with relative standard deviations (RSDS) of 1.6-11.2%. The developed method can provide reliable data support for the subsequent simultaneous detection of these four pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Zheng
- Fujian CCIC-Fairreach Food Safety Testing Co., Ltd, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanjun Guo
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Jingdezhen University, Jingdezhen, China
| | - Xunke Hu
- The Second People's Hospital of Jingdezhen, Jingdezhen, China
| | - Yaping Yu
- The Second People's Hospital of Jingdezhen, Jingdezhen, China
| | - Jinxing Chen
- Fujian CCIC-Fairreach Food Safety Testing Co., Ltd, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Su
- Fujian CCIC-Fairreach Food Safety Testing Co., Ltd, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Lian
- Fujian CCIC-Fairreach Food Safety Testing Co., Ltd, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Fujian CCIC-Fairreach Food Safety Testing Co., Ltd, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xingang Meng
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Jingdezhen University, Jingdezhen, China
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3
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Gozukizil MF, Temel S, Yaman E, Gokmen FO. Nano SiO 2 doping effect on physicochemical properties of PVA-starch bionanocomposite films. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2022.2150855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sinan Temel
- Central Research Laboratory, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Elif Yaman
- Central Research Laboratory, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ozge Gokmen
- Central Research Laboratory, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
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4
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Wu JH, Hu TG, Wang H, Zong MH, Wu H, Wen P. Electrospinning of PLA Nanofibers: Recent Advances and Its Potential Application for Food Packaging. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8207-8221. [PMID: 35775601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid), also abbreviated as PLA, is a promising biopolymer for food packaging owing to its environmental-friendly characteristic and desirable physical properties. Electrospinning technology makes the production of PLA-based nanomaterials available with expected structures and enhanced barrier, mechanical, and thermal properties; especially, the facile process produces a high encapsulation efficiency and controlled release of bioactive agents for the purpose of extending the shelf life and promoting the quality of foodstuffs. In this study, different types of electrospinning techniques used for the preparation of PLA-based nanofibers are summarized, and the enhanced properties of which are also described. Moreover, its application in active and intelligent packaging materials by introducing different components into nanofibers is highlighted. In all, the review establishes the promising prospects of PLA-based nanocomposites for food packaging application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Wu
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Teng-Gen Hu
- Sericultural&Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hong Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Peng Wen
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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5
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Castellanos-Rozo J, Pérez Pulido R, Grande MJ, Lucas R, Gálvez A. Potentially pathogenic bacteria isolated from Paipa cheese and its susceptibility profiles to antibiotics and biocides. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1535-1543. [PMID: 34050446 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the microbiological quality of cheese produced by formal and informal micro-enterprises in Paipa, Colombia, to isolate potentially pathogenic bacteria and to determine their prevalence and resistance to antimicrobials such as antibiotics and biocides. Sixteen micro-enterprises of the seventy existing in the region were sampled during 3 years. Viable concentrations of aerobic mesophiles, total and fecal coliforms, Salmonella sp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus sp., yeasts, and molds were determined. Seventy-three bacterial isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The susceptibility of the isolates to antibiotics and biocides was determined. The results indicated that between 98 and 100% of the cheese samples (n = 48 samples) of formal and informal micro-enterprises presented populations of total and fecal coliforms and Staphylococcus sp. above the limits established by Colombian regulations and varied according to the micro-enterprise. The results also indicated that 56% of Staphylococcus isolates were S. aureus. L. monocytogenes was positive in 38% of the samples. Salmonella sp. was not detected. The coliforms that prevailed were Escherichia coli (25%), Citrobacter freundii (14%), and Proteus mirabilis (8%). All L. monocytogenes were sensitive to ampicillin but resistant to erythromycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. S. aureus isolates were susceptible to most antibiotics, except tetracycline and erythromycin (7% resistance). Likewise, 30% of coliforms (n = 36) were multidrug-resistant to antibiotics but susceptible to biocides.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Castellanos-Rozo
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Universidad de Boyacá, 150003, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Rubén Pérez Pulido
- Microbiology Division, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Mª José Grande
- Microbiology Division, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Rosario Lucas
- Microbiology Division, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Gálvez
- Microbiology Division, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
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6
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Gregorchuk BSJ, Reimer SL, Green KAC, Cartwright NH, Beniac DR, Hiebert SL, Booth TF, Chong PM, Westmacott GR, Zhanel GG, Bay DC. Phenotypic and Multi-Omics Characterization of Escherichia coli K-12 Adapted to Chlorhexidine Identifies the Role of MlaA and Other Cell Envelope Alterations Regulated by Stress Inducible Pathways in CHX Resistance. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:659058. [PMID: 34095221 PMCID: PMC8170033 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.659058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorhexidine (CHX) is an essential medicine used as a topical antiseptic in skin and oral healthcare treatments. The widespread use of CHX has increased concerns regarding the development of antiseptic resistance in Enterobacteria and its potential impact on cross-resistance to other antimicrobials. Similar to other cationic antiseptics, resistance to CHX is believed to be driven by three membrane-based mechanisms: lipid synthesis/transport, altered porin expression, and increased efflux pump activity; however, specific gene and protein alterations associated with CHX resistance remain unclear. Here, we adapted Escherichia coli K-12 BW25113 to increasing concentrations of CHX to determine what phenotypic, morphological, genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic changes occurred. We found that CHX-adapted E. coli isolates possessed no cross-resistance to any other antimicrobials we tested. Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed that CHX adaptation significantly altered mean cell widths and lengths. Proteomic analyses identified changes in the abundance of porin OmpF, lipid synthesis/transporter MlaA, and efflux pump MdfA. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses identified that CHX adaptation altered E. coli transcripts and proteins controlling acid resistance (gadE, cdaR) and antimicrobial stress-inducible pathways Mar-Sox-Rob, stringent response systems. Whole genome sequencing analyses revealed that all CHX-resistant isolates had single nucleotide variants in the retrograde lipid transporter gene mlaA as well as the yghQ gene associated with lipid A transport and synthesis. CHX resistant phenotypes were reversible only when complemented with a functional copy of the mlaA gene. Our results highlight the importance of retrograde phospholipid transport and stress response systems in CHX resistance and the consequences of prolonged CHX exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branden S J Gregorchuk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shelby L Reimer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kari A C Green
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nicola H Cartwright
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Daniel R Beniac
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shannon L Hiebert
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Timothy F Booth
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Patrick M Chong
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Garrett R Westmacott
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - George G Zhanel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Denice C Bay
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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7
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Development of a colorimetric pH indicator using nanofibers containing Spirulina sp. LEB 18. Food Chem 2020; 328:126768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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8
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Rhouma M, Romero-Barrios P, Gaucher ML, Bhachoo S. Antimicrobial resistance associated with the use of antimicrobial processing aids during poultry processing operations: cause for concern? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3279-3296. [PMID: 32744054 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1798345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a global issue and a threat to human and animal health. Contamination of poultry carcasses with meat-borne pathogens represents both an economic and a public health concern. The use of antimicrobial processing aids (APA) during poultry processing has contributed to an improvement in the microbiological quality of poultry carcasses. However, the extensive use of these decontaminants has raised concerns about their possible role in the co-selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This topic is presented in the current review to provide an update on the information related to bacterial adaptation to APA used in poultry processing establishments, and to discuss the relationship between APA bacterial adaptation and the acquisition of a new resistance phenotype to therapeutic antimicrobials by bacteria. Common mechanisms such as active efflux and changes in membrane fluidity are the most documented mechanisms responsible for bacterial cross-resistance to APA and antimicrobials. Although most studies reported a bacterial resistance to antibiotics not reaching a clinical level, the under-exposure of bacteria to APA remains a concern in the poultry industry. Further research is needed to determine if APA used during poultry processing and therapeutic antimicrobials share common sites of action in bacteria and encounter similar mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rhouma
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Lou Gaucher
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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9
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Roedel A, Dieckmann R, Brendebach H, Hammerl JA, Kleta S, Noll M, Al Dahouk S, Vincze S. Biocide-Tolerant Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from German Food Production Plants Do Not Show Cross-Resistance to Clinically Relevant Antibiotics. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e01253-19. [PMID: 31375490 PMCID: PMC6805086 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01253-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Contamination of food during processing is recognized as a main transmission route of Listeria monocytogenes To prevent microbial contamination, biocides are widely applied as disinfectants in food processing plants. However, there are concerns about the development of antimicrobial resistance in foodborne pathogens due to widespread biocide usage. In our study, 93 L. monocytogenes isolates from German food production facilities were (i) tested for biocide and antibiotic susceptibility using broth microdilution assays, (ii) analyzed for links between reduced biocide susceptibility and antibiotic resistance, and (iii) characterized by whole-genome sequencing, including the detection of genes coding for biocide tolerance, antibiotic resistance, and other virulence factors. Fifteen L. monocytogenes isolates were tolerant to benzalkonium chloride (BAC), and genes conferring BAC tolerance were found in 13 of them. Antibiotic resistance was not associated with biocide tolerance. BAC-tolerant isolates were assigned to 6 multilocus sequence type (MLST) clonal complexes, and most of them harbored internalin A pseudogenes with premature stop codons or deletions (n = 9). Our study demonstrated a high genetic diversity among the investigated isolates including genotypes that are frequently involved in human infections. Although in vitro adaptation studies to biocides have raised concerns about increasing cross-resistance to antibiotics, our results do not provide evidence for this phenomenon in field isolates.IMPORTANCE Foodborne pathogens such as L. monocytogenes can persist in food production environments for a long time, causing perennial outbreaks. Hence, bacterial pathogens are able to survive cleaning and disinfection procedures. Accordingly, they may be repeatedly exposed to sublethal concentrations of disinfectants, which might result in bacterial adaptation to these biocides. Furthermore, antibiotic coresistance and cross-resistance are known to evolve under biocide selection pressure in vitro Hence, antimicrobial tolerance seems to play a crucial role in the resilience and persistence of foodborne pathogens in the food chain and might reduce therapeutic options in infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roedel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Dieckmann
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Brendebach
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - J A Hammerl
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Kleta
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Noll
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Institute for Bioanalysis, Coburg, Germany
| | - S Al Dahouk
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Vincze
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Chojecka A, Tarka P, Kanecki K, Nitsch-Osuch A. Evaluation of the Bactericidal Activity of Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride in 2-Propanol against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains with Adaptive Resistance to this Active Substance According to European Standards. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2019. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study evaluated the bactericidal activity of the cationic surface active compound didecyldimethylammonium chloride in 2-propanol against the two reference strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (tetracycline-resistant) as well as their isolates adapted to this active substance. Individual phases and stages of European Standards which are intended to determine the bactericidal activity of disinfectants in medical areas were used. Disinfection parameters of the tested substance as determined by suspension methods were not sufficient to achieve the required bactericidal reduction in the carrier method for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and all its adapted isolates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (tetracycline-resistant) and its adapted isolates were more sensitive to the tested active substance when the contact time was extended from 5 to 10/15 min. Adaptive resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains can be abolished by using increased concentrations of the tested substance and/or extended contact time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Chojecka
- Department of Bacteriology and Biocontamination Control , National Institute of Public Health–National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw , Poland
| | - Patryk Tarka
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health , Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kanecki
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health , Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw , Poland
| | - Aneta Nitsch-Osuch
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health , Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw , Poland
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11
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Kampf G. Antibiotic ResistanceCan Be Enhanced in Gram-Positive Species by Some Biocidal Agents Used for Disinfection. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8010013. [PMID: 30717270 PMCID: PMC6466599 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Some biocidal agents used for disinfection have been described to enhance antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative species. The aim of this review was therefore to evaluate the effect of 13 biocidal agents at sublethal concentrations on antibiotic resistance in Gram-positive species. A MEDLINE search was performed for each biocidal agent on antibiotic tolerance, antibiotic resistance, horizontal gene transfer, and efflux pump. Most data were reported with food-associated bacterial species. In cells adapted to benzalkonium chloride, a new resistance was most frequently found to ampicillin (seven species), cefotaxime and sulfamethoxazole (six species each), and ceftazidime (five species), some of them with relevance for healthcare-associated infections such as Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. With chlorhexidine, a new resistance was often found to imipenem (ten species) as well as cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and tetracycline (seven species each). Cross-resistance was also found with triclosan and ceftazidime (eight species), whereas it was very uncommon for didecyldimethylammonium chloride or hydrogen peroxide. No cross-resistance to antibiotics has been described after low level exposure to glutaraldehyde, ethanol, propanol, peracetic acid, octenidine, povidone iodine, sodium hypochlorite, and polyhexanide. Preference should be given to disinfectant formulations based on biocidal agents with a low or no selection pressure potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Kampf
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
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Abdelaziz A, Sonbol F, Elbanna T, El-Ekhnawy E. Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of Benzalkonium Chloride Induces Antimicrobial Resistance and Cellular Changes in Klebsiellae pneumoniae Clinical Isolates. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:631-638. [PMID: 30614757 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is widely used as a disinfectant and preservative. This study investigated the effect on antimicrobial susceptibility and the cellular changes that occurred after exposure of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates to sublethal concentrations of BAC. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of BAC were determined for the collected 50 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates by broth microdilution method, and the tested isolates were adapted to increasing sublethal concentrations of BAC. The effect of adaptation on MICs of the tested 16 antimicrobial agents, the cell ultrastructure, efflux, and membrane depolarization of the tested isolates were examined. Interestingly, most K. pneumoniae isolates that adapted to BAC showed increased antimicrobial resistance, various morphological and structural changes, increased membrane depolarization, and enhanced efflux activity. The findings of this study suggest that the extensive use of BAC at sublethal concentrations could contribute to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in K. pneumoniae clinical isolates that might complicate the therapy of infections caused by this pathogen. In conclusion, the hazard associated with the prolonged exposure to sublethal concentrations of BAC represents a public health risk and therefore it should be a focus in both hospital and community sanitation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelaziz
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Fatma Sonbol
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek Elbanna
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Engy El-Ekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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13
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Kampf G. Biocidal Agents Used for Disinfection Can Enhance Antibiotic Resistance in Gram-Negative Species. Antibiotics (Basel) 2018; 7:E110. [PMID: 30558235 PMCID: PMC6316403 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocidal agents used for disinfection are usually not suspected to enhance cross-resistance to antibiotics. The aim of this review was therefore to evaluate the effect of 13 biocidal agents at sublethal concentrations on antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative species. A medline search was performed for each biocidal agent on antibiotic tolerance, antibiotic resistance, horizontal gene transfer, and efflux pump. In cells adapted to benzalkonium chloride a new resistance was most frequently found to ampicillin (eight species), cefotaxime (six species), and sulfamethoxazole (three species), some of them with relevance for healthcare-associated infections such as Enterobacter cloacae or Escherichia coli. With chlorhexidine a new resistance was often found to ceftazidime, sulfamethoxazole and imipenem (eight species each) as well as cefotaxime and tetracycline (seven species each). Cross-resistance to antibiotics was also found with triclosan, octenidine, sodium hypochlorite, and didecyldimethylammonium chloride. No cross-resistance to antibiotics has been described after low level exposure to ethanol, propanol, peracetic acid, polyhexanide, povidone iodine, glutaraldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide. Taking into account that some biocidal agents used in disinfectants have no health benefit (e.g., in alcohol-based hand rubs) but may cause antibiotic resistance it is obvious to prefer products without them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Kampf
- University Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
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Alejo-Armijo A, Glibota N, Frías MP, Altarejos J, Gálvez A, Salido S, Ortega-Morente E. Synthesis and Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Properties of A-Type Procyanidin Analogues against Resistant Bacteria in Food. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2151-2158. [PMID: 29464945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural A-type procyanidins have shown very interesting biological activities, such as their proven antiadherence properties against pathogenic bacteria. In order to find the structural features responsible for their activities, we describe herein the design and synthesis of six A-type procyanidin analogues and the evaluation of their antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties against 12 resistant bacteria, both Gram positive and Gram negative, isolated from organic foods. The natural A-type procyanidin A-2, which had known antiadherence activity, was also tested as a reference compound for the comparative studies. Within the series, analogue 4, which had a NO2 group on ring A, showed the highest antimicrobial activity (MIC of 10 μg/mL) and was one of the best molecules at preventing biofilm formation (up to 40% decreases at 100 μg/mL) and disrupting preformed biofilms (up to 40% reductions at 0.1 μg/mL). Structure-activity relationships are also analyzed.
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Gadea R, Glibota N, Pérez Pulido R, Gálvez A, Ortega E. Effects of exposure to biocides on susceptibility to essential oils and chemical preservatives in bacteria from organic foods. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Romero JL, Grande Burgos MJ, Pérez-Pulido R, Gálvez A, Lucas R. Resistance to Antibiotics, Biocides, Preservatives and Metals in Bacteria Isolated from Seafoods: Co-Selection of Strains Resistant or Tolerant to Different Classes of Compounds. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1650. [PMID: 28912764 PMCID: PMC5583239 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant bacteria (particularly those producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases) have become a major health concern. The continued exposure to antibiotics, biocides, chemical preservatives, and metals in different settings such as the food chain or in the environment may result in development of multiple resistance or co-resistance. The aim of the present study was to determine multiple resistances (biocides, antibiotics, chemical preservatives, phenolic compounds, and metals) in bacterial isolates from seafoods. A 75.86% of the 87 isolates studied were resistant to at least one antibiotic or one biocide, and 6.90% were multiply resistant to at least three biocides and at least three antibiotics. Significant (P < 0.05) moderate or strong positive correlations were detected between tolerances to biocides, between antibiotics, and between antibiotics with biocides and other antimicrobials. A sub-set of 30 isolates selected according to antimicrobial resistance profile and food type were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing and tested for copper and zinc tolerance. Then, the genetic determinants for biocide and metal tolerance and antibiotic resistance were investigated. The selected isolates were identified as Pseudomonas (63.33%), Acinetobacter (13.33%), Aeromonas (13.33%), Shewanella, Proteus and Listeria (one isolate each). Antibiotic resistance determinants detected included sul1 (43.33% of tested isolates), sul2 (6.66%), blaTEM (16.66%), blaCTX-M (16.66%), blaPSE (10.00%), blaIMP (3.33%), blaNDM-1 (3.33%), floR (16.66%), aadA1 (20.0%), and aac(6')-Ib (16.66%). The only biocide resistance determinant detected among the selected isolates was qacEΔ1 (10.00%). A 23.30 of the selected isolates were able to grow on media containing 32 mM copper sulfate, and 46.60% on 8 mM zinc chloride. The metal resistance genes pcoA/copA, pcoR, and chrB were detected in 36.66, 6.66, and 13.33% of selected isolates, respectively. Twelve isolates tested positive for both metal and antibiotic resistance genes, including one isolate positive for the carbapenemase gene blaNDM-1 and for pcoA/copA. These results suggest that exposure to metals could co-select for antibiotic resistance and also highlight the potential of bacteria on seafoods to be involved in the transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Antonio Gálvez
- Microbiology Division, Department of Health Sciences, University of JaenJaen, Spain
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Gadea R, Glibota N, Pérez Pulido R, Gálvez A, Ortega E. Adaptation to Biocides Cetrimide and Chlorhexidine in Bacteria from Organic Foods: Association with Tolerance to Other Antimicrobials and Physical Stresses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:1758-1770. [PMID: 28177232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlorhexidine (CH) and quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), such as cetrimide (CE), are widely used as disinfectants because of their broad antimicrobial spectrum. However, their frequent use for disinfection in different settings may promote bacterial drug resistance against both biocides and clinically relevant antibiotics. This study analyzes the effects of stepwise exposure to cetrimide (CE) and chlorhexidine (CH) of bacteria from organic foods and previously classified as biocide-sensitive. Gradual exposure of these strains to biocides resulted in mainly transient decreased antimicrobial susceptibility to other antibiotics and to biocides. Biocide-adapted bacteria also exhibit alterations in physiological characteristics, mainly decreased heat tolerance, or gastric acid tolerance in CE-adapted strains, while bile resistance does not seem to be influenced by biocide adaptation. Results from this study suggest that changes in membrane fluidity may be the main mechanism responsible for the acquisition of stable tolerance to biocides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Gadea
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén , 23071-Jaén, Spain
| | - Nicolás Glibota
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén , 23071-Jaén, Spain
| | - Rubén Pérez Pulido
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén , 23071-Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Gálvez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén , 23071-Jaén, Spain
| | - Elena Ortega
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén , 23071-Jaén, Spain
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18
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Liu B, Xu H, Zhao H, Liu W, Zhao L, Li Y. Preparation and characterization of intelligent starch/PVA films for simultaneous colorimetric indication and antimicrobial activity for food packaging applications. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:842-849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Lin W, Guan X, Cao J, Niu B, Chen Q. Bactericidal mechanism of glutaraldehyde-didecyldimethylammonium bromide as a disinfectant againstEscherichia coli. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:676-685. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops; School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University; Shanghai China
| | - X. Guan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops; School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University; Shanghai China
| | - J. Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops; School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University; Shanghai China
| | - B. Niu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops; School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University; Shanghai China
| | - Q. Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops; School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University; Shanghai China
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Fernández Márquez ML, Burgos MJG, Pulido RP, Gálvez A, López RL. Biocide Tolerance and Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Isolates from Hen Eggshells. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 14:89-95. [PMID: 27841937 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance in Salmonella isolates from hen eggshells. A total of 39 isolates from hen eggshells, identified as either Salmonella spp. or Salmonella enterica according to 16S rDNA sequencing, were selected for biocide tolerance. Isolates with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) above the wild-type MICs were considered to be biocide tolerant: benzalkonium chloride (BC, 7.7%), cetrimide (CT, 7.7%), hexadecylpyridinium chloride (HDP, 10.3%), triclosan (TC, 17.9%), hexachlorophene (CF, 30.8%), and P3-oxonia (OX, 25.6%). The resulting 21 biocide-tolerant isolates were further characterized. Most isolates (95.2%) were resistant to ampicillin, but only 9.5% were resistant to cefotaxime as well as to ceftazidime. Resistance to chloramphenicol (61.9%), tetracycline (47.6%), streptomycin (19.0%), nalidixic acid (28.6%), ciprofloxacin (9.5%), netilmicin (14.3%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (38.1%) was also detected. Considering only antibiotics, 66.7% of isolates were multiresistant; furthermore, 90.5% were multiresistant considering antibiotics and biocides combined. Efflux pump and biocide tolerance genetic determinants detected included acrB (95.2%), oqxA (14.3%), mdfA (9.5%), qacA/B (4.8%), and qacE (9.5%). Antibiotic resistance genes detected included blaTEM (14.3%), blaCTXM-2 (4.8%), blaPSE (4.8%), floR (19.05%), tet(A) (9.5%), tet(C) (4.8%), dfrA12 (0.05%), and dfrA15 (0.05%). Significant positive correlations were detected between phenotypic tolerance/resistance to biocides, biocides and antibiotics, and also between antibiotics, suggesting that a generalized use of biocides could co-select antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Fernández Márquez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén , Jaén, Spain
| | - María José Grande Burgos
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén , Jaén, Spain
| | - Rubén Pérez Pulido
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén , Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Gálvez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén , Jaén, Spain
| | - Rosario Lucas López
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén , Jaén, Spain
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Gadea R, Fernández Fuentes MÁ, Pérez Pulido R, Gálvez A, Ortega E. Effects of exposure to quaternary-ammonium-based biocides on antimicrobial susceptibility and tolerance to physical stresses in bacteria from organic foods. Food Microbiol 2016; 63:58-71. [PMID: 28040182 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a collection of 76 biocide-sensitive bacterial strains isolated from organically produced food were adapted by repeated exposure to increasing concentrations of the quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) benzalkonium chloride (BC) and hexadecylpyridinium chloride (HDP). The sensitivity of both wildtype strains and their corresponding QAC-adapted strains to other biocides and to antibiotics was studied. QAC tolerance increased in 88.2% of strains for BC and in 30.3% of strains for HDP, with increases in minimum inhibitory concentrations between 2 and over 100 fold. Adaptive resistance was stable after 20 subcultures in biocide-free medium for 7 and 5 of the BC- and HDP-adapted strains, respectively. Adaptation to BC and HDP also reduced the susceptibility to other biocides, mainly hexachlorophene (CF), didecyldimethylammonium bromide (AB), triclosan (TC) and chlorhexidine (CH). BC-adapted strains showed increased antibiotic resistance to ampicillin (AM) followed by sulfamethoxazol (SXT) and cefotaxime (CTX), and some showed increased sensitivity to ceftazidime (CAZ), CTX, AM and STX. Changes in antibiotic resistance in HDP-adapted strains were more heterogeneous and strain-dependent. Main efflux pump genes detected in QAC-adapted strains were acrB, sugE, norC, qacE and qacH, as well as antibiotic resistance genes aac(6_)-Ie-aph(2_)-Ia, aph(2_)-Ic, ant(4_)-Ia, lsa, mrsA/B, ereA, ermB and cat. Membrane anisotropy experiments revealed that QAC adaptation induced an increase in membrane rigidity in the case of BC, while response to HDP was more heterogeneous and strain-dependent. Growth capacity was significantly higher in some QAC-adapted strains and strain-dependent changes in heat tolerance were also detected in QAC-adapted strains. Gastric acid or bile resistances do not seem to be influenced by QAC adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Gadea
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Fernández Fuentes
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Rubén Pérez Pulido
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Gálvez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
| | - Elena Ortega
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
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