Oxidomics on the omega-3 volatile degradation pattern to determine differences between vegetable and marine oils

Antioxidative properties of fish roe peptides combined with polyphenol on the fish oil oleogel

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to investigate the effects of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) roe protein hydrolysate (LYCPH)-polyphenol (catechin (CA), gallic acid (GA), and tannic acid (TA)) conjugates on the oxidative stability of fish oil in an oleogel system.

RESULTS

Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested that the LYCPH-polyphenol conjugates were nearly spherical and non-covalent and that covalent effects could coexist between LYCPH and polyphenols. LYCPH-TA exhibited the highest ABTS scavenging, reducing capacities, and emulsifying stability. Raman spectra and chemometrics revealed that LYCPH-TA loaded with oleogels had the best oxidative stability. Additionally, 32 volatile compounds were identified in fish oil by headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry.

CONCLUSION

Overall, this study demonstrated that fish oil oleogels loaded with LYCPH-polyphenol conjugates could inhibit fish oil oxidation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Authentication of fish oil (omega-3) supplements using class-oriented chemometrics and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

Food supplement authentication is an important concern worldwide due to the ascending consumption related to health benefits and its lack of effective regulation in underdeveloped countries, making it a target of fraudulent activities. In this context, this study evaluated fish oil supplements by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS) to obtain fingerprints, which were used to build predictive models for automated authentication of the most popular products sold in Brazil. The authentication process relied on a one-class classifier model using data-driven soft independent modeling of class analogy (DD-SIMCA). The output of the model was a binary classifier: certified IFOS fish oils and non-certified ones - regardless of the source of adulteration. The compositional analysis showed a significant variation in the samples, which validated the need for reliable statistical models. The DD-SIMCA algorithm is still incipient in GC×GC studies, but it proved to be an excellent tool for authenticity purposes, achieving a chemometric model with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 98.6%, and accuracy of 99.0% for fish oil authentication. Finally, orthogonalized partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to identify the features that distinguished the groups, which ascertained the results of the DD-SIMCA model that IFOS-certified oils are positively correlated to omega-3 fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3).

Polymer Conjugation of Docosahexaenoic Acid Potentiates Cardioprotective Therapy in Preclinical Models of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

While coronary angioplasty represents an effective treatment option following acute myocardial infarction, the reperfusion of the occluded coronary artery can prompt ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury that significantly impacts patient outcomes. As ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have proven, yet limited cardioprotective abilities, an optimized polymer-conjugation approach is reported that improves PUFAs bioavailability to enhance cardioprotection and recovery in animal models of I/R-induced injury. Poly-l-glutamic acid (PGA) conjugation improves the solubility and stability of di-docosahexaenoic acid (diDHA) under physiological conditions and protects rat neonatal ventricular myocytes from I/R injury by reducing apoptosis, attenuating autophagy, inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation, and restoring mitochondrial membrane potential. Enhanced protective abilities are associated with optimized diDHA loading and evidence is provided for the inherent cardioprotective potential of PGA itself. Pretreatment with PGA-diDHA before reperfusion in a small animal I/R model provides for cardioprotection and limits area at risk (AAR). Furthermore, the preliminary findings suggest that PGA-diDHA administration in a swine I/R model may provide cardioprotection, limit edema and decrease AAR. Overall, the evaluation of PGA-diDHA in relevant preclinical models provides evidence for the potential of polymer-conjugated PUFAs in the mitigation of I/R injury associated with coronary angioplasty.

Radical Scavenging Activity of Olive Oil Phenolic Antioxidants in Oil or Water Phase during the Oxidation of O/W Emulsions: An Oxidomics Approach

Omics approaches are recently being applied also in food lipid oxidation, to increase knowledge of oxidation and antioxidation mechanisms. The so-called oxidomics throws a wider spot of light on the complex patterns of reactions taking place in food lipids, especially in dispersed systems. This research aimed to investigate the radical scavenging activity of olive oil phenolic antioxidants (OPAs) in O/W emulsions, as affected by the phase in which they were added. This allowed one to assess whether different behaviors could be expected from antioxidants originally present in phenolic-rich olive oils compared to natural antioxidants added in the water phase during emulsion production. Hydroperoxide decomposition kinetics and the analysis of volatile pattern provided an outline of antioxidation mechanisms. Though being effective in slowing down oxidation when added both in the oil and water phase, OPAs interfered in different ways with oxidation pathways, based on the phase in which they were added. OPAs added to the water phase were more effective in slowing down hydroperoxide decomposition due to the hydrophilic radical initiator. On the other hand, OPAs present in the oil were more effective in preventing radical propagation, with relevant consequences on the volatile pattern.