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Fangel JU, Sørensen KM, Jacobsen N, Mravec J, Ahl LI, Bakshani C, Mikkelsen MD, Engelsen SB, Willats W, Ulvskov P. The legacy of terrestrial plant evolution on cell wall fine structure. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1238-1254. [PMID: 38173082 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of land flora was an epochal event in the history of planet Earth. The success of plants, and especially flowering plants, in colonizing all but the most hostile environments required multiple mechanisms of adaptation. The mainly polysaccharide-based cell walls of flowering plants, which are indispensable for water transport and structural support, are one of the most important adaptations to life on land. Thus, development of vasculature is regarded as a seminal event in cell wall evolution, but the impact of further refinements and diversification of cell wall compositions and architectures on radiation of flowering plant families is less well understood. We approached this from a glyco-profiling perspective and, using carbohydrate microarrays and monoclonal antibodies, studied the cell walls of 287 plant species selected to represent important evolutionary dichotomies and adaptation to a variety of habitats. The results support the conclusion that radiation of flowering plant families was indeed accompanied by changes in cell wall fine structure and that these changes can obscure earlier evolutionary events. Convergent cell wall adaptations identified by our analyses do not appear to be associated with plants with similar lifestyles but that are taxonomically distantly related. We conclude that cell wall structure is linked to phylogeny more strongly than to habitat or lifestyle and propose that there are many approaches of adaptation to any given ecological niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan U Fangel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Jacobsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jozef Mravec
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Louise Isager Ahl
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Cassie Bakshani
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | | | | | - William Willats
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Peter Ulvskov
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Aparna GM, Tetala KKR. Recent Progress in Development and Application of DNA, Protein, Peptide, Glycan, Antibody, and Aptamer Microarrays. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040602. [PMID: 37189350 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microarrays are one of the trailblazing technologies of the last two decades and have displayed their importance in all the associated fields of biology. They are widely explored to screen, identify, and gain insights on the characteristics traits of biomolecules (individually or in complex solutions). A wide variety of biomolecule-based microarrays (DNA microarrays, protein microarrays, glycan microarrays, antibody microarrays, peptide microarrays, and aptamer microarrays) are either commercially available or fabricated in-house by researchers to explore diverse substrates, surface coating, immobilization techniques, and detection strategies. The aim of this review is to explore the development of biomolecule-based microarray applications since 2018 onwards. Here, we have covered a different array of printing strategies, substrate surface modification, biomolecule immobilization strategies, detection techniques, and biomolecule-based microarray applications. The period of 2018–2022 focused on using biomolecule-based microarrays for the identification of biomarkers, detection of viruses, differentiation of multiple pathogens, etc. A few potential future applications of microarrays could be for personalized medicine, vaccine candidate screening, toxin screening, pathogen identification, and posttranslational modifications.
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Martínez-Lapuente L, Guadalupe Z, Pérez-Porras P, Bautista-Ortín AB, Gómez-Plaza E, Ayestarán B. Effect of Sonication Treatment and Maceration Time in the Extraction of Polysaccharide Compounds during Red Wine Vinification. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154452. [PMID: 34361607 PMCID: PMC8348054 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of high-power ultrasounds (US) at 28 kHz to the crushed grapes and the use of different pomace contact times caused changes in the content and composition of monosaccharides and polysaccharides in the musts and wines. These differences were maintained from the moment of pressing (end of maceration) until the end of the alcoholic fermentation. The US increased the content of monosaccharides and polysaccharides in the musts by facilitating their extraction from the solid parts during maceration. The application of medium maceration time (3 days) to sonicated grapes led to an extraction of polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, rhamnogalacturonan type II (RG-II) and mannoproteins (MP), similar to that observed in the control wines made with an extended maceration of 7 days (968.21 vs. 1029.45; 895.04 vs. 1700.50; 356.81 vs. 343.95, respectively). This fact was attributed to a higher extraction in the must during the sonication process and to an important release of pectic polysaccharides during the pressing of the sonicated pomace, which is reported here for the first time. Therefore, the US technology could be useful for increasing the polysaccharide content in the wines or for reducing the maceration time needed to achieve certain levels of wine polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Martínez-Lapuente
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja y CSIC), Finca La Grajera, 26007 Logroño, Spain; (L.M.-L.); (Z.G.); (B.A.)
| | - Zenaida Guadalupe
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja y CSIC), Finca La Grajera, 26007 Logroño, Spain; (L.M.-L.); (Z.G.); (B.A.)
| | - Paula Pérez-Porras
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (P.P.-P.); (A.B.B.-O.)
| | - Ana Belén Bautista-Ortín
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (P.P.-P.); (A.B.B.-O.)
| | - Encarna Gómez-Plaza
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (P.P.-P.); (A.B.B.-O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-868-88-7323
| | - Belén Ayestarán
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja y CSIC), Finca La Grajera, 26007 Logroño, Spain; (L.M.-L.); (Z.G.); (B.A.)
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Garrido-Bañuelos G, Buica A, du Toit W. Relationship between anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and cell wall polysaccharides in grapes and red wines. A current state-of-art review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7743-7759. [PMID: 33951953 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1918056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous research studies have evaluated factors influencing the nature and levels of phenolics and polysaccharides in food matrices. However, in grape and wines most of these works have approach these classes of compounds individually. In recent years, the number of publications interconnecting classes have increased dramatically. The present review relates the last decade's findings on the relationship between phenolics and polysaccharides from grapes, throughout the entire winemaking process up to evaluating the impact of their relationship on the red wine sensory perception. The combination and interconnection of the most recent research studies, from single interactions in model wines to the investigation of the formation of complex macromolecules, brings the perfect story line to relate the relationship between phenolics and polysaccharides from the vineyard to the glass. Grape pectin is highly reactive toward grape and grape derived phenolics. Differences between grape cultivars or changes during grape ripeness will affect the extractability of these compounds into the wines. Therefore, the nature of the grape components will be crucial to understand the subsequent reactions occurring between phenolics and polysaccharide of the corresponding wines. It has been demonstrated that they can form very complex macromolecules which affect wine color, stability and sensory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Garrido-Bañuelos
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa.,Product Design - Agriculture and Food, Bioeconomy and Health, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Astrid Buica
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Wessel du Toit
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
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Tingley JP, Low KE, Xing X, Abbott DW. Combined whole cell wall analysis and streamlined in silico carbohydrate-active enzyme discovery to improve biocatalytic conversion of agricultural crop residues. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:16. [PMID: 33422151 PMCID: PMC7797155 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01869-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The production of biofuels as an efficient source of renewable energy has received considerable attention due to increasing energy demands and regulatory incentives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Second-generation biofuel feedstocks, including agricultural crop residues generated on-farm during annual harvests, are abundant, inexpensive, and sustainable. Unlike first-generation feedstocks, which are enriched in easily fermentable carbohydrates, crop residue cell walls are highly resistant to saccharification, fermentation, and valorization. Crop residues contain recalcitrant polysaccharides, including cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins, and lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes. In addition, their cell walls can vary in linkage structure and monosaccharide composition between plant sources. Characterization of total cell wall structure, including high-resolution analyses of saccharide composition, linkage, and complex structures using chromatography-based methods, nuclear magnetic resonance, -omics, and antibody glycome profiling, provides critical insight into the fine chemistry of feedstock cell walls. Furthermore, improving both the catalytic potential of microbial communities that populate biodigester reactors and the efficiency of pre-treatments used in bioethanol production may improve bioconversion rates and yields. Toward this end, knowledge and characterization of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) involved in dynamic biomass deconstruction is pivotal. Here we overview the use of common "-omics"-based methods for the study of lignocellulose-metabolizing communities and microorganisms, as well as methods for annotation and discovery of CAZymes, and accurate prediction of CAZyme function. Emerging approaches for analysis of large datasets, including metagenome-assembled genomes, are also discussed. Using complementary glycomic and meta-omic methods to characterize agricultural residues and the microbial communities that digest them provides promising streams of research to maximize value and energy extraction from crop waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Tingley
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 6T5, Canada
| | - Kristin E Low
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Xing
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - D Wade Abbott
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 6T5, Canada.
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