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Ferreira RSB, Farias FO, de Araujo EJS, Martínez J, Batista EAC. Deep eutectic solvents as an alternative for extraction of flavonoids from soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill) and okara: An experimental and computational approach based on COSMO-SAC model. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113266. [PMID: 37803579 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, different Deep Eutectic Solvents based on choline chloride ([Ch]Cl) with carboxylic acids, sugars, and glycerol, were investigated as alternative solvents for the extraction of flavonoids from soybean and okara. Initially, the COSMO-SAC was investigated as a tool in solvent screening for the extraction of flavonoids. Experimental validation was performed using total flavonoid analysis with the solvents that showed greater interaction with the solutes. The extracts obtained from soybean and okara using the DES [Ch]Cl:acetic acid added with 30 % water showed the highest total flavonoid content, 1.05 mg eq. of catechin/g dry soybean and 0.94 mg eq. of catechin /g dry okara, respectively. For phenolic compound extraction, [Ch]Cl: acetic acid DES extracted approximately 1.16 mg GAE/g of soybean and 0.69 mg GAE/g of okara. For antioxidant activity, soybean and okara extracts obtained with [Ch]Cl: acetic acid showed FRAP results of 0.40 mg Trolox/mL of extract and 0.45 mg Trolox/mL of extract, respectively. In addition, the isoflavones daidzein, genistein, glycitein, daidzin, genistin, and glycitin were identified and quantified in the soybean and okara extracts obtained with DES [Ch]Cl: acetic acid with 30% water, totaling 1068.05 and 424.32 µg total isoflavones/g dry sample. Therefore, The COSMO-SAC model was a useful tool in solvent screening, saving time and costs. Also, DES can be an alternative solvent for extracting flavonoids to replace conventional organic solvents, respecting current environmental and human health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon S B Ferreira
- Laboratory of Extraction, Applied Thermodynamics and Equilibrium - EXTRAE, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, 80 Monteiro Lobato Street, 13083-062 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fabiane O Farias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Center, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Erick J S de Araujo
- Laboratory of High Pressure in Food Engineering (LAPEA), School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Julian Martínez
- Laboratory of High Pressure in Food Engineering (LAPEA), School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A C Batista
- Laboratory of Extraction, Applied Thermodynamics and Equilibrium - EXTRAE, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, 80 Monteiro Lobato Street, 13083-062 Campinas, Brazil.
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2
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Funari CS, Rinaldo D, Bolzani VS, Verpoorte R. Reaction of the Phytochemistry Community to Green Chemistry: Insights Obtained Since 1990. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:440-459. [PMID: 36638830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review article aims to study how phytochemists have reacted to green chemistry insights since 1990, the year when the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency launched the "Pollution Prevention Act". For each year in the period 1990 to 2019, three highly cited phytochemistry papers that provided enough information about the experimental procedures utilized were sampled. The "greenness" of these procedures was assessed, particularly for the use of solvents. The highly hazardous diethyl ether, benzene, and carbon tetrachloride did not appear in the papers sampled after 2010. Advances in terms of sustainability were observed mainly in the extraction stage. Similar progress was not observed in purification procedures, where chloroform, dichloromethane, and hexane regularly have been employed. Since replacing such solvents in purification procedures should be a major goal, potential alternative approaches are discussed. Moreover, some current initiatives toward a more sustainable phytochemical research considering aspects other than only solvents are highlighted. Although some advances have been achieved, it is believed that natural products chemists can play a major role in developing a novel ecological paradigm in chemistry. To contribute to this objective, six principles for performing natural products chemistry consistent with the guidelines of green chemistry are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano S Funari
- Green Biotech Network, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18610-034Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rinaldo
- Green Biotech Network, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 17033-360Bauru, Brazil
| | - Vanderlan S Bolzani
- NuBBE, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-900Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Robert Verpoorte
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300RALeiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Bragagnolo FS, Socas-Rodríguez B, Mendiola JA, Cifuentes A, Funari CS, Ibáñez E. Pressurized natural deep eutectic solvents: An alternative approach to agro-soy by-products. Front Nutr 2022; 9:953169. [PMID: 36159477 PMCID: PMC9493435 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.953169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybeans are mainly used for food and biodiesel production. It is estimated that soy crops worldwide will leave about 651 million metric tons of branches, leaves, pods, and roots on the ground post-harvesting in 2022/23. These by-products might serve as largely available and cheap source of high added-value metabolites, such as flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and other phenolic compounds. This work aimed to explore green approaches based on the use of pressurized and gas expanded-liquid extraction combined with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) to achieve phenolic-rich extracts from soy by-products. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the generated extracts were quantified and compared with conventional solvents and techniques. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with choline chloride/citric acid/water (1:1:11 – molar ratio) at 120°C, 100 bar, and 20 min, resulted in an optimized condition to generate phenolic and flavonoid-rich fractions of soy by-products. The individual parts of soy were extracted under these conditions, with their metabolic profile obtained by UHPLC-ESI-QToF-MS/MS and potential antioxidant properties by ROS scavenging capacity. Extracts of soy roots presented the highest antioxidant capacity (207.48 ± 40.23 mg AA/g), three times higher than soybean extracts (68.96 ± 12.30). Furthermore, Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) were applied to select natural hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (NaHDES) as substituents for n-heptane to defat soybeans. Extractions applying NaHDES candidates achieved a similar yield and chromatography profile (GC-QToF-MS) to n-heptane extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Sanchez Bragagnolo
- Green Biotech Network, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jose A. Mendiola
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristiano Soleo Funari
- Green Biotech Network, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Elena Ibáñez,
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4
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Different machine learning statistical discrimination exhibits dissimilar key compounds of soybean leaves in targeted polyphenol-metric metabolomics for the traits and cultivation. Food Chem 2022; 404:134454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Khaksar G, Sirijan M, Suntichaikamolkul N, Sirikantaramas S. Metabolomics for Agricultural Waste Valorization: Shifting Toward a Sustainable Bioeconomy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:938480. [PMID: 35832216 PMCID: PMC9273160 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.938480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture has been considered as a fundamental industry for human survival since ancient times. Local and traditional agriculture are based on circular sustainability models, which produce practically no waste. However, owing to population growth and current market demands, modern agriculture is based on linear and large-scale production systems, generating tons of organic agricultural waste (OAW), such as rejected or inedible plant tissues (shells, peels, stalks, etc.). Generally, this waste accumulates in landfills and creates negative environmental impacts. The plant kingdom is rich in metabolic diversity, harboring over 200,000 structurally distinct metabolites that are naturally present in plants. Hence, OAW is considered to be a rich source of bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds and secondary metabolites that exert a wide range of health benefits. Accordingly, OAW can be used as extraction material for the discovery and recovery of novel functional compounds that can be reinserted into the production system. This approach would alleviate the undesired environmental impacts of OAW accumulation in landfills, while providing added value to food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical products and introducing a circular economic model in the modern agricultural industry. In this regard, metabolomics-based approaches have gained increasing interest in the agri-food sector for a variety of applications, including the rediscovery of bioactive compounds, owing to advances in analytical instrumentation and data analytics platforms. This mini review summarizes the major aspects regarding the identification of novel bioactive compounds from agricultural waste, focusing on metabolomics as the main tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Khaksar
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Crop, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mongkon Sirijan
- Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Nithiwat Suntichaikamolkul
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Crop, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supaart Sirikantaramas
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Crop, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Nile SH, Venkidasamy B, Samynathan R, Nile A, Shao K, Chen T, Sun M, Khan MU, Dutta N, Thiruvengadam M, Shariati MA, Rebezov M, Kai G. Soybean Processing Wastes: Novel Insights on Their Production, Extraction of Isoflavones, and Their Therapeutic Properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6849-6863. [PMID: 34645264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soybean processing waste (SPW) has potential as a sustainable source of phytochemicals and functional foods. A variety of phytochemicals, nutrients, and minerals have been characterized from SPW using various analytical methods. SPW utilization strategies may provide a new way to increase production of bioactive compounds, nutritional supplements, and cosmetic ingredients. SPW has the potential for value-added processing, to improve commercial use, and to lower environmental pollution through proper use. Okara, a byproduct generated during soybean processing of tofu and soy milk, is rich in dietary fiber, isoflavones, and saponins. Isoflavones, an important class of biologically active compounds owing to their multifunctional and therapeutic effects, are extracted from SPW. Further, studies have shown that okara has potential prebiotic and therapeutic value in lowering the risk of noncommunicable diseases. Therefore, in this review, we focus on several extraction methods and pharmacotherapeutic effects of different SPWs. Their effective uses in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and health applications, as biocatalysts, and as value-added resources have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641062, India
| | - Ramkumar Samynathan
- R&D Division, Alchem Diagnostics, No. 1/1, Gokhale Street, Ram Nagar, Coimbatore, 641009, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Arti Nile
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Keding Shao
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Meihong Sun
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Muhammad Usman Khan
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nalok Dutta
- Bioproducts Science & Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Tri-Cities Campus, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), 73 Zemlyanoy Val, Moscow 109004, Russian Federation
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V M Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Talalikhina St., Moscow 109316, Russian Federation
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
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Bragagnolo FS, Álvarez-Rivera G, Breitkreitz MC, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A, Funari CS. Metabolite Profiling of Soy By-Products: A Comprehensive Approach. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7321-7341. [PMID: 35652359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soy is the major oilseed crop as soybeans are widely used to produce biofuel, food, and feed. Other parts of the plant are left on the ground after harvest. The accumulation of such by-products on the soil can cause environmental problems. This work presents for the first time a comprehensive metabolite profiling of soy by-products collected directly from the ground just after mechanical harvesting. A two-liquid-phase extraction using n-heptane and EtOH-H2O 7:3 (v/v) provided extracts with complete characterization by gas chromatography and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography both coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 146 metabolites, including flavones, flavonols, isoflavonoids, fatty acids, steroids, mono-, sesqui-, di-, and triterpenoids, were tentatively identified in soy by-products and soybeans. These proved to be sources of a wide range of bioactive metabolites, thus suggesting that they could be valorized while reducing potential environmental damage in line with a circular economy model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Sanchez Bragagnolo
- Green Biotech Network, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo - 18610-034, Brazil
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Gerardo Álvarez-Rivera
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | | | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Cristiano Soleo Funari
- Green Biotech Network, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo - 18610-034, Brazil
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8
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Canaan JMM, Brasil GSP, de Barros NR, Mussagy CU, Guerra NB, Herculano RD. Soybean processing wastes and their potential in the generation of high value added products. Food Chem 2022; 373:131476. [PMID: 34731815 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Soybean and its derivatives are rich sources of nutrients and bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties, however, the wastes with high nutritional value are discarded by the industry. This study aimed to evaluate centesimal composition, microbial safety and antioxidant activity of soybean processing wastes (okara and okara flour) and soymilk. High fiber, carbohydrate, energy and lipids contents were found. Antioxidant activity by spectrophotometric and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance assays showed values for soybean (72.4% and 83.5%), okara (9.6% and 7.7%), okara flour (30.7% and 11.5%) and soymilk (28.4% and 36.5%). The total phenolic content was an average of 3.33 mg of gallic acid equivalent.g-1. Infrared spectra revealed no significant changes in the absorption bands, guaranteeing non-alteration in the compounds composition after processing. Microbiological assays indicated that soybean derivatives are safe for consumption. These results reinforce that these wastes contain bioactive compounds of interest with great potential to generate high value added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Márcia Maria Canaan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocesses Engineering, Araraquara, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Technology, Araraquara, Brazil; Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 11570 West Olympic Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Area of Exact Sciences and Engineering, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Giovana Sant'Ana Pegorin Brasil
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocesses Engineering, Araraquara, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Technology, Araraquara, Brazil; Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 11570 West Olympic Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Area of Exact Sciences and Engineering, Caxias do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Natan Roberto de Barros
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocesses Engineering, Araraquara, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Technology, Araraquara, Brazil; Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 11570 West Olympic Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Area of Exact Sciences and Engineering, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cassamo Ussemane Mussagy
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocesses Engineering, Araraquara, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Technology, Araraquara, Brazil; Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 11570 West Olympic Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Area of Exact Sciences and Engineering, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nayrim Brizuela Guerra
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocesses Engineering, Araraquara, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Technology, Araraquara, Brazil; Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 11570 West Olympic Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Area of Exact Sciences and Engineering, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocesses Engineering, Araraquara, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Technology, Araraquara, Brazil; Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 11570 West Olympic Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Area of Exact Sciences and Engineering, Caxias do Sul, Brazil.
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9
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Zirintunda G, Biryomumaisho S, Kasozi KI, Batiha GES, Kateregga J, Vudriko P, Nalule S, Olila D, Kajoba M, Matama K, Kwizera MR, Ghoneim MM, Abdelhamid M, Zaghlool SS, Alshehri S, Abdelgawad MA, Acai-Okwee J. Emerging Anthelmintic Resistance in Poultry: Can Ethnopharmacological Approaches Offer a Solution? Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:774896. [PMID: 35237147 PMCID: PMC8883056 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.774896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited pharmacological studies have been conducted on plant species used against poultry helminths. The objective of this study was to provide a basis for plant based anthelmintics as possible alternatives against poultry anthelmintic resistance. The study justified the need for alternative anthelmintics. The study places emphasis on the increasing anthelmintic resistance, mechanism of resistance, and preparational protocols for plant anthelmintics and their associated mechanism of action. Pharmaceutical studies on plants as alternative therapies for the control of helminth parasites have not been fully explored especially in several developing countries. Plants from a broad range of species produce a wide variety of compounds that are potential anthelmintics candidates. Important phenolic acids have been found in Brassica rapa L. and Terminalia avicenniodes Guill. and Perri that affect the cell signaling pathways and gene expression. Benzo (c) phenanthridine and isoquinoline alkaloids are neurotoxic to helminths. Steroidal saponins (polyphyllin D and dioscin) interact with helminthic mitochondrial activity, alter cell membrane permeability, vacuolation and membrane damage. Benzyl isothiocyanate glucosinolates interfere with DNA replication and protein expression, while isoflavones from Acacia oxyphylla cause helminth flaccid paralysis, inhibit energy generation, and affect calcium utilization. Condensed tannins have been shown to cause the death of nematodes and paralysis leading to expulsion from the gastro-intestinal tract. Flavonoids from Chenopodium album L and Mangifera indica L act through the action of phosphodiesterase and Ca2+-ATPase, and flavonoids and tannins have been shown to act synergistically and are complementary to praziquantel. Artemisinins from Artemisia cina O. Berg are known to disrupt mitochondrial ATP production. Terpenoids from Cucurbita moschata L disrupt neurotransmission leading to paralysis as well as disruption of egg hatching. Yeast particle encapsulated terpenes are effective for the control of albendazole-resistant helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Zirintunda
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Savino Biryomumaisho
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Albeheira, Egypt
| | - John Kateregga
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patrick Vudriko
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sarah Nalule
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Deogracious Olila
- Department of Animal Production and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Mariam Kajoba
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Kevin Matama
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Mercy Rukundo Kwizera
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Abdelhamid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Sameh S. Zaghlool
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - James Acai-Okwee
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Abd-Elsalam KA, Rajeshkumar S, Periakaruppan R. Sustainable strategies for producing large-scale nanomaterials: A note from the editors. AGRI-WASTE AND MICROBES FOR PRODUCTION OF SUSTAINABLE NANOMATERIALS 2022:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823575-1.00023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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11
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Rha CS, Jang EK, Hong YD, Park WS. Supervised Statistical Learning Prediction of Soybean Varieties and Cultivation Sites Using Rapid UPLC-MS Separation, Method Validation, and Targeted Metabolomic Analysis of 31 Phenolic Compounds in the Leaves. Metabolites 2021; 11:884. [PMID: 34940642 PMCID: PMC8704512 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max; SB) leaf (SL) is an abundant non-conventional edible resource that possesses value-adding bioactive compounds. We predicted the attributes of SB based on the metabolomes of an SL using targeted metabolomics. The SB was planted in two cities, and SLs were regularly obtained from the SB plant. Nine flavonol glycosides were purified from SLs, and a validated simultaneous quantification method was used to establish rapid separation by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass detection. Changes in 31 targeted compounds were monitored, and the compounds were discriminated by various supervised machine learning (ML) models. Isoflavones, quercetin derivatives, and flavonol derivatives were discriminators for cultivation days, varieties, and cultivation sites, respectively, using the combined criteria of supervised ML models. The neural model exhibited higher prediction power of the factors with high fitness and low misclassification rates while other models showed lower. We propose that a set of phytochemicals of SL is a useful predictor for discriminating characteristics of edible plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Su Rha
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, Yongin 17074, Korea; (Y.D.H.); (W.S.P.)
| | - Eun Kyu Jang
- Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Hwaseong 18388, Korea;
| | - Yong Deog Hong
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, Yongin 17074, Korea; (Y.D.H.); (W.S.P.)
| | - Won Seok Park
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, Yongin 17074, Korea; (Y.D.H.); (W.S.P.)
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Hama JR, Kolpin DW, LeFevre GH, Hubbard LE, Powers MM, Strobel BW. Exposure and Transport of Alkaloids and Phytoestrogens from Soybeans to Agricultural Soils and Streams in the Midwestern United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:11029-11039. [PMID: 34342221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phytotoxins are naturally produced toxins with potencies similar/higher than many anthropogenic micropollutants. Nevertheless, little is known regarding their environmental fate and off-field transport to streams. To fill this research gap, a network of six basins in the Midwestern United States with substantial soybean production was selected for the study. Stream water (n = 110), soybean plant tissues (n = 8), and soil samples (n = 16) were analyzed for 12 phytotoxins (5 alkaloids and 7 phytoestrogens) and 2 widely used herbicides (atrazine and metolachlor). Overall, at least 1 phytotoxin was detected in 82% of the samples, with as many as 11 phytotoxins detected in a single sample (median = 5), with a concentration range from below detection to 37 and 68 ng/L for alkaloids and phytoestrogens, respectively. In contrast, the herbicides were ubiquitously detected at substantially higher concentrations (atrazine: 99% and metolachlor: 83%; the concentrations range from below detection to 150 and 410 ng/L, respectively). There was an apparent seasonal pattern for phytotoxins, where occurrence prior to and during harvest season (September to November) and during the snow melt season (March) was higher than that in December-January. Runoff events increased phytotoxin and herbicide concentrations compared to those in base-flow conditions. Phytotoxin plant concentrations were orders of magnitude higher compared to those measured in soil and streams. These results demonstrate the potential exposure of aquatic and terrestrial organisms to soybean-derived phytotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawameer R Hama
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Dana W Kolpin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Central Midwest Water Science Center, 400 South Clinton Street, Iowa City, Iowa 52240, United States
| | - Gregory H LeFevre
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Laura E Hubbard
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 8505 Research Way, Middleton, Wisconsin 53562, United States
| | - Megan M Powers
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Bjarne W Strobel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
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Bragagnolo FS, Funari CS, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A. Metabolomics as a Tool to Study Underused Soy Parts: In Search of Bioactive Compounds. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061308. [PMID: 34200265 PMCID: PMC8230045 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The valorization of agri-food by-products is essential from both economic and sustainability perspectives. The large quantity of such materials causes problems for the environment; however, they can also generate new valuable ingredients and products which promote beneficial effects on human health. It is estimated that soybean production, the major oilseed crop worldwide, will leave about 597 million metric tons of branches, leaves, pods, and roots on the ground post-harvesting in 2020/21. An alternative for the use of soy-related by-products arises from the several bioactive compounds found in this plant. Metabolomics studies have already identified isoflavonoids, saponins, and organic and fatty acids, among other metabolites, in all soy organs. The present review aims to show the application of metabolomics for identifying high-added-value compounds in underused parts of the soy plant, listing the main bioactive metabolites identified up to now, as well as the factors affecting their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Sanchez Bragagnolo
- School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (F.S.B.); (C.S.F.)
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Cristiano Soleo Funari
- School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (F.S.B.); (C.S.F.)
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Benedé JL, Chisvert A, Lucena R, Cárdenas S. Carbon fibers as green and sustainable sorbent for the extraction of isoflavones from environmental waters. Talanta 2021; 233:122582. [PMID: 34215074 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isoflavones are a group of phytoestrogens of important environmental concern due to their endocrine disrupting effects. This article presents a rapid, green, and sustainable method for determining four isoflavones (daidzein, genistein, formononetin, and biochanin A) in environmental waters complying with current trends in Analytical Chemistry. The method consists of in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) as the extraction approach, using carbon fibers as extraction material. The synthesis of carbon fibers is simple and sustainable, since it only requires a natural product such as raw cotton as precursor, which is thermally treated (600 °C for 30 min) in an inert (Ar) atmosphere to convert it into carbon fibers. After extraction, the final eluate is analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The proposed methodology allows the determination of the four isoflavones in water samples at the ng L-1 range, with limits of detection in the range from 17 to 25 ng L-1, relative standard deviations (RSD) from 2.8 to 10.1%, and good batch-to-batch repeatability (RSD < 13%). The method was finally applied to six environmental water samples from different sources and two swimming pool waters, and concentrations of all analytes up to 490 ng L-1 were found. The highest concentrations were found in those samples close to crop fields. Relative recovery values (80-121%) showed that the aqueous matrices considered in this work did not significantly affect the extraction process. This method overcomes the drawbacks of the previous works with the same purpose, such as consuming large volumes of organic solvents or prolonged extraction times. Moreover, this procedure would allow the extraction stage to be carried out in situ, since only the sorbent material (previously synthesized in the laboratory) and disposable syringes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Benedé
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (anexo), E-14071, Córdoba, Spain; GICAPC Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Alberto Chisvert
- GICAPC Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Lucena
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (anexo), E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Soledad Cárdenas
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (anexo), E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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15
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Optimization of the Bioactivation of Isoflavones in Soymilk by Lactic Acid Bacteria. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9060963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybeans and soy-based products contain isoflavones which can be used for nutraceutical and medical applications. In soybeans and in unfermented soy foods, isoflavones are normally present as glycosides. Isoflavone glycosides can be enzymatically converted to isoflavone aglycones, thus releasing the sugar molecule. The effective absorption of isoflavones in humans requires the bioconversion of isoflavone glycosides to isoflavone aglycones through the activity of the enzyme β-glucosidase. The objective was to assess the capacity of 42 bacterial strains (belonging to Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus) to produce β-glucosidase activity. The strain that showed the highest β-glucosidase activity (Lactobacillus plantarum 128/2) was then used for the optimization of the bioconversion of genistin and daidzin present in commercial soymilk to their aglycone forms genistein and daidzein. The contribution of process parameters (temperature, inoculum size, time) to the efficiency of such bioactivation was tested. Lactobacillus plantarum 128/2 was able to completely bioactivate soymilk isoflavones under the following conditions: 25 °C temperature, 2% inoculum size and 48 h process time. These results confirm the suitability of lactic acid bacteria for the bioactivation of isoflavones present in soymilk and provide an interesting candidate (L. plantarum 182/2) for food industries to perform this transformation.
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Alarcon RT, Lamb KJ, Bannach G, North M. Opportunities for the Use of Brazilian Biomass to Produce Renewable Chemicals and Materials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:169-188. [PMID: 32975380 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This Review highlights the principal crops of Brazil and how their harvest waste can be used in the chemicals and materials industries. The Review covers various plants; with grains, fruits, trees and nuts all being discussed. Native and adopted plants are included and studies on using these plants as a source of chemicals and materials for industrial applications, polymer synthesis, medicinal use and in chemical research are discussed. The main aim of the Review is to highlight the principal Brazilian agricultural resources; such as sugarcane, oranges and soybean, as well as secondary resources, such as andiroba brazil nut, buriti and others, which should be explored further for scientific and technological applications. Furthermore, vegetable oils, carbohydrates (starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignocellulose and pectin), flavones and essential oils are described as well as their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael T Alarcon
- School of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UNESP- São Paulo State University, Bauru, 17033-260, SP, Brazil
| | - Katie J Lamb
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gilbert Bannach
- School of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UNESP- São Paulo State University, Bauru, 17033-260, SP, Brazil
| | - Michael North
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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Jung YS, Rha CS, Baik MY, Baek NI, Kim DO. A brief history and spectroscopic analysis of soy isoflavones. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1605-1617. [PMID: 33282429 PMCID: PMC7708537 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of soybean continues to increase worldwide. People are showing more interest in the beneficial health effects of soybeans than before. However, the origin and history of soybeans are still being discussed among many researchers. Chromatographic methods enable the desirable separation of a variety of isoflavones from soybeans. The structures of isolated soy isoflavones have been successfully identified in tandem with spectroscopic analytical instruments and technologies such as liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The theoretical background behind spectroscopy may help improve the understanding for the analysis of isoflavones in soybeans and soy-derived foods. This review covers the origin of the English name of soybean and its scientific name, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, based on the evidence reported to date. Moreover, the reports of soy isoflavones discovered over a period of about 100 years have been briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sung Jung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Su Rha
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Yeol Baik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
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Jimenez-Lopez C, Fraga-Corral M, Carpena M, García-Oliveira P, Echave J, Pereira AG, Lourenço-Lopes C, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J. Agriculture waste valorisation as a source of antioxidant phenolic compounds within a circular and sustainable bioeconomy. Food Funct 2020; 11:4853-4877. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00937g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Agro-food industrial waste is currently being accumulated, pushing scientists to find recovery strategies to obtain bioactive compounds within a circular bioeconomy. Target phenolic compounds have shown market potential by means of optimization extraction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Jimenez-Lopez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology
- University of Vigo
- E-32004 Ourense
| | - M. Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology
- University of Vigo
- E-32004 Ourense
| | - M. Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology
- University of Vigo
- E-32004 Ourense
| | - P. García-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology
- University of Vigo
- E-32004 Ourense
| | - J. Echave
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology
- University of Vigo
- E-32004 Ourense
| | - A. G. Pereira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology
- University of Vigo
- E-32004 Ourense
| | - C. Lourenço-Lopes
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology
- University of Vigo
- E-32004 Ourense
| | - M. A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology
- University of Vigo
- E-32004 Ourense
| | - J. Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology
- University of Vigo
- E-32004 Ourense
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