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Guo Q, Dong Q, Xu W, Zhang H, Zhao X, He W, He Y, Zhao G. Metabolite profiling of camel milk and the fermentation bacteria agent TR1 fermented two types of sour camel milk using LC-MS in relation to their probiotic potentials. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35801. [PMID: 39220917 PMCID: PMC11365327 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Camel milk is a nutrient-rich diet and fermentation affects its nutritional value and probiotic function. In this study, sour camel milk and oat jujube sour camel milk were prepared using fermentation bacteria agent TR1, and the metabolites of camel milk, sour camel milk and oat jujube sour camel milk were detected using a non-targeted metabolomics approach using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).The results showed that the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with 100 % accuracy and good predictive power detected 343 components in positive ion mode and 220 components in negative ion mode. The differential metabolites were mainly organic acids, amino acids, esters, vitamins and other substances contained in camel milk.It showed that there were significant differences in the metabolites of camel milk, sour camel milk and oat jujube sour camel milk. Based on the pathway enrichment analysis of the three dairy products in the KEGG database, 12 metabolic pathways mainly involved in the positive ion mode and 20 metabolic pathways mainly involved in the negative ion mode were identified. The main biochemical metabolic pathways and signal transduction pathways of the differential metabolites of the three dairy products were obtained. This study provides theoretical support for improving the nutritional quality and probiotic function of camel milk and fermented camel milk products and provides a basis for the development of relevant processing technologies and products for camel milk and fermented camel milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Manufacturing in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qigeqi Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Manufacturing in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Weisheng Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Manufacturing in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- The People's Bank of China Operation Office, China
| | - Wanxiong He
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuxing He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guofen Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Manufacturing in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Wang S, Wang J, Zhang J, Liu W, Jing W, Lyu B, Yu H, Zhang Z. Insoluble Dietary Fiber from Okara Combined with Intermittent Fasting Treatment Synergistically Confers Antiobesity Effects by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13346-13362. [PMID: 37651598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) was recently revealed to have an antiobesity impact. However, the impact and potential mechanism of high-purity IDF derived from okara (HPSIDF) on obesity caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) remain unclear. Except for dietary supplementation, intermittent fasting (IF) has attracted extensive interest as a new dietary strategy against obesity. Thus, we hypothesize that HPSIDF combined with IF treatment may be more effective in preventing obesity. In this study, HPSIDF combined with IF treatment synergistically alleviated HFD-induced dyslipidemia, impaired glucose homeostasis, systemic inflammation, and fat accumulation. Furthermore, gut microbiota dysbiosis and lowered short-chain fatty acid synthesis were recovered by HPSIDF combined with IF treatment. Meanwhile, metabolomic analysis of feces revealed that HPSIDF combined with IF treatment obviously reversed the alterations of metabolic pathways and differential metabolites induced by HFD, which were linked to the modulations of the gut microbiota. Collectively, our findings indicated that HPSIDF combined with IF treatment has great potential to substantially enhance antiobesity efficacy by modulating the gut microbiota and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Junyao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wenhao Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wendan Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Bo Lyu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hansong Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Shandong Sinoglory Health Food Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252000, China
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Deng X, Liang J, Wang L, Niu L, Xiao J, Guo Q, Liu X, Xiao C. Whole Grain Proso Millet ( Panicum miliaceum L.) Attenuates Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetic Mice: Involvement of miRNA Profile. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37294881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effects and underlying mechanism of whole grain proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.; WPM) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The results showed that WPM supplementation significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum lipid levels in T2DM mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ), with improved glucose tolerance, liver and kidney injury, and insulin resistance. In addition, WPM significantly inhibited the expression of gluconeogenesis-related genes G6pase, Pepck, Foxo1, and Pgc-1α. Further study by miRNA high-throughput sequencing revealed that WPM supplementation mainly altered the liver miRNA expression profile of T2DM mice by increasing the expression of miR-144-3p_R-1 and miR-423-5p, reducing the expression of miR-22-5p_R-1 and miR-30a-3p. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the target genes of these miRNAs were mainly enriched in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. WPM supplementation significantly increased the level of PI3K, p-AKT, and GSK3β in the liver of T2DM mice. Taken together, WPM exerts antidiabetic effects by improving the miRNA profile and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to inhibit gluconeogenesis. This study implies that PM can act as a dietary supplement to attenuate T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jiayi Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lehui Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Li Niu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jin Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chunxia Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Li YN, Luo Y, Lu ZM, Dong YL, Chai LJ, Shi JS, Zhang XJ, Xu ZH. Metabolomic analysis of the effects of a mixed culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on the physicochemical and quality characteristics of apple cider vinegar. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1142517. [PMID: 36998906 PMCID: PMC10043408 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1142517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThis study compared differences in physicochemical characteristics of the vinegar made by a mixed culture (MC) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and a pure culture (PC) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.MethodsThe fermentation process was monitored, and metabolomics analysis by Liquid Chromagraphy-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) was applied to the compositional differences between PC and MC vinegars, combined with quantification of organic acids, amino acids and B vitamins.ResultsA total of 71 differential metabolites including amino acids, organic acids and carbohydrates, and six possible key metabolic pathways were identified. MC enhanced the malic acid utilization and pyruvate acid metabolism during fermentation, increasing substrate-level phosphorylation, and supplying more energy for cellular metabolism. Higher acidity at the beginning of acetic acid fermentation, resulting from lactic acid production by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in MC, suppressed the cellular metabolism and growth of Acetobacter pasteurianus, but enhanced its alcohol metabolism and acetic acid production in MC. MC vinegar contained more vitamin B, total flavonoids, total organic acids, amino acids and had a higher antioxidant capacity. MC enhanced the volatile substances, particularly ethyl lactate, ethyl caprate and ethyl caproate, which contributed to a stronger fruity aroma.DiscussionThese results indicated the mixed culture in alcoholic fermentation can effectively enhance the flavor and quality of apple cider vinegar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan-Lin Dong
- Apple Cider Vinegar Engineering and Technology Research Center of Yantai, Lvjie Co., Ltd., Yantai, China
| | - Li-Juan Chai
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Juan Zhang,
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Zheng-Hong Xu,
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Huang H, Chen J, Ao T, Chen Y, Xie J, Hu X, Yu Q. Exploration of the role of bound polyphenols on tea residues dietary fiber improving diabetic hepatorenal injury and metabolic disorders. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112062. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Zhang X, Zheng Y, Feng J, Zhou R, Ma M. Integrated metabolomics and high-throughput sequencing to explore the dynamic correlations between flavor related metabolites and bacterial succession in the process of Mongolian cheese production. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111672. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Reconfiguration of Gut Microbiota and Reprogramming of Liver Metabolism with Phycobiliproteins Bioactive Peptides to Rehabilitate Obese Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173635. [PMID: 36079890 PMCID: PMC9460120 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins (derived from Arthrospira platensis) bioactive peptide extracts (PPE) possess multiple pharmacological effects in the mitigation of human metabolic disorders. The role of PPE in the treatment of diet-induced obesity and the understanding of the underlying mechanism between the gut microbiome and metabolic blood circulation for obese patients remains poorly understood. In this study, we showed that PPE attenuated obesity by reducing body weight, and ameliorated glucose and lipid indexes in serum. In particular, PPE is postulated to mitigate liver steatosis and insulin resistance. On the other hand, dietary treatment with PPE was found to “reconfigure” the gut microbiota in the way that the abundances were elevated for Akkermansia_muciniphila, beneficial Lactobacillus and Romboutsia, SCFA-producing species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospiraceae_bacterium, Clostridiales_bacterium, probiotics Clostridium sp., Enterococcus faecium, and Lactobacillus_johnsonii, while the abundance of Firmicutes was reduced and that of Bacteroidetes was increased to reverse the imbalance of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Finally, the metabolomics of circulating serum using UHPLC-MS/MS illustrated that PPE supplementation indeed promoted lipid metabolism in obese rats. As summary, it was seen that PPE reprogrammed the cell metabolism to prevent the aggravation of obesity. Our findings strongly support that PPE can be regarded as a potential therapeutic dietary supplement for obesity.
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Sturgeon protein-derived peptide KIWHHTF prevents insulin resistance via modulation of IRS-1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in HepG2 cells. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Wang L, Wang Z, Yu Y, Ren Z, Jia Y, Wang J, Li S, Jiang T. Metabolomics analysis of stool in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus after single-anastomosis duodenal-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1013959. [PMID: 36204098 PMCID: PMC9530139 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1013959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-anastomosis duodenal-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) is one of the most effective bariatric procedures in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanisms by which SADI-S improves T2DM are not well-known. OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of SADI-S on metabolites in the stool of rats with T2DM. METHODS Twenty rats were fed on high-fat diet and administered with a low-dose (30mg/kg) of streptozotocin to establish T2DM models. The rats were then randomly assigned to the SADI-S group (n=10) and sham operation group (n=9). Stool samples were collected from all rats at 8 weeks after surgery and stored at -80 °C. Metabolomics analysis was performed to identify differential metabolites through ultra- performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS At 8-week after surgery, rats of the SADI-S group showed significantly decreased fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance test 2-hour, glycated haemoglobin, and body weight compared with those of the sham group. A total of 245 differential metabolites were identified between the two groups. Among them, 16 metabolites such as branched-chain amino acids (valine), aromatic amino acid (phenylalanine), bile acid (cholic acid, lithocholic acid, and β-muricholic acid), short-chain fatty acid (isobutyric acid), and phospholipid [lysoPE(17:0), lysoPE(20:3) and lysoPS(16:0)] were associated to the T2DM remission after SADI-S. CONCLUSION SADI-S improves T2DM in rats by regulating phenylalanine biosynthesis, valine, phenylalanine, alanine, glutamate, proline, bile acid, and phospholipid metabolism pathways.
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Chen X, Luo X, Yang C, Meng J, Cheng L, Gao L, Xue M, Yang Y. A study of the influence of lead pollution on the anticoagulant activity of Whitmania pigra based on pharmacodynamics and metabolomics research. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1185:122953. [PMID: 34688198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Whitmania pigra Whitman (leech, also called Shuizhi in China, abbreviated as SZ), which has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of blood stasis syndrome (BSS) for a long time, is vulnerable to lead pollution in aquaculture environments. SZ has good anticoagulant activity. However, there are few studies on the influence of lead pollution on it. Therefore, we carried out the following researches to explore the influence of lead pollution on the anticoagulant activity of SZ and its mechanism. Firstly, the acute blood stasis model of rats was established by subcutaneous injection of adrenaline hydrochloride and ice water bath. Then unpolluted SZ (UPS) and lead-polluted SZ (LPS) were extracted. Next, the blood stasis model rats were administrated by gavage and the rats in normal control (NC) group and blood stasis model (BM) group were given the same amount of normal saline. Finally, the blood of the rats was collected to detect the coagulation function and hemorheology indexes. The metabolomics of rat plasma was studied by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Orbitrap-MS) technology. Principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were used to perform metabolomics analysis. MetPA analysis was used to search for related metabolic pathways. The results of coagulation function and hemorheology showed that lead pollution could decrease the anticoagulant activity of SZ. The OPLS-DA score plots indicated that the plasma metabolites of rats in LPS group were close to BM group, while UPS group tended to be close to NC group both in the positive and negative ion mode. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) suggested that UPS group and NC group were clustered into a branch, while LPS group and BM group were clustered into a branch. To sum up, lead pollution will reduce the anticoagulant activity of SZ. And lead pollution reduces the anticoagulant activity of SZ probably by influencing the metabolic pathways such as sphingolipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufen Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Luo
- ShenQi Ethnic Medicine College of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Chaojie Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jieqin Meng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liangke Cheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Luying Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Xue
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yaojun Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Fu J, Zhang LL, Li W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liu F, Zou L. Application of metabolomics for revealing the interventional effects of functional foods on metabolic diseases. Food Chem 2021; 367:130697. [PMID: 34365248 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is an important branch of systems biology, which can detect changes in the body's metabolism before and after the intervention of functional foods, identify effective metabolites, and predict the interventional effects and the mechanism. This review summarizes the latest research outcomes regarding interventional effects of functional foods on metabolic diseases via metabolomics analysis. Since metabolomics approaches are powerful strategies for revealing the changes in bioactive compounds of functional foods during processing and storage, we also discussed the effects of these parameters on functional food metabolites using metabolomics approaches. To date, a number of endogenous metabolites related to the metabolic diseases after functional foods intervention have been discovered. Unfortunately, the mechanisms of metabolic disease-related molecules are still unclear and require further studies. The combination of metabolomics with other omics technologies could further promote its ability to fully understand the precise biological processes of functional food intervention on metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Le-Le Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yamei Zhang
- Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
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