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Jin T, Pang L, Yue T, Niu L, Li T, Liang Y, Zhang Y, Yan C, Yang B, Zhang C, Xia X. The role of DsbA and PepP genes in the environmental tolerance and virulence factors of Cronobacter sakazakii. Food Res Int 2024; 190:114555. [PMID: 38945560 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii, an opportunity foodborne pathogen, could contaminate a broad range of food materials and cause life-threatening symptoms in infants. The bacterial envelope structure contribute to bacterial environment tolerance, biofilm formation and virulence in various in Gram-negative bacteria. DsbA and PepP are two important genes related to the biogenesis and stability of bacterial envelope. In this study, the DsbA and PepP were deleted in C. sakazakii to evaluate their contribution to stress tolerance and virulence of the pathogen. The bacterial environment resistance assays showed DsbA and PepP are essential in controlling C. sakazakii resistance to heat and desiccation in different mediums, as well as acid, osmotic, oxidation and bile salt stresses. DsbA and PepP also played an important role in regulating biofilm formation and motility. Furthermore, DsbA and PepP deletion weaken C. sakazakii adhesion and invasion in Caco-2, intracellular survival and replication in RAW 264.7. qRT-PCR results showed that DsbA and PepP of C. sakazakii played roles in regulating the expression of several genes associated with environment stress tolerance, biofilm formation, bacterial motility and cellular invasion. These findings indicate that DsbA and PepP played an important regulatory role in the environment resisitance, biofilm formation and virulence of C. sakazakii, which enrich understanding of genetic determinants of adaptability and virulence of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Liuxin Pang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Ting Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Lingling Niu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- Food Science department, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yujing Liang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 PR China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Chunhong Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Baowei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China.
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Wang WH, Li ZR, Zhu DX, Chen JY, Zhou Y, Li CP, Shao LH, Qiu XM, Zhu M, Long HT, Chen DP, Ouyang GP, Rong ZQ, Wang ZC. Design, synthesis, antibacterial evaluation of isopropylamine linked with different substituted phenol and piperazine novel derivatives. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2710-2723. [PMID: 38358029 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is often considered one of the most destructive bacterial pathogens causing bacterial leaf blight (BLB), resulting in significant yield and cost losses in rice. In this study, a series of novel derivatives containing the isopropanolamine moiety linked to various substituted phenols and piperazines were designed, synthesized and screened. RESULTS Antibacterial activity results showed that most compounds had good inhibitory effects on Xoo, among which compound W2 (EC50 = 2.74 μg mL-1) exhibited the most excellent inhibitory activity, and W2 also had a certain curative effect (35.89%) on rice compared to thiodiazole copper (TC) (21.57%). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that compound W2 could cause rupture of the Xoo cell membrane. Subsequently, proteomics and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that compound W2 affected the physiological processes of Xoo and may exert antibacterial activity by targeting the two-component system pathway. Interestingly, W2 upregulated Xoo's methyltransferase to impact on its pathogenicity. CONCLUSION The present study offers a promising phenolic-piperazine-sopropanolamine compound as an innovative antibacterial strategy by specifically targeting the two-component system pathway and inducing upregulation of methyltransferase to effectively impact Xoo's pathogenicity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Rui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Xue Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Peng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hui Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Tao Long
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Ping Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Ping Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Qiang Rong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
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Xiong C, Xiong C, Lu J, Long R, Jiao H, Li Y, Wang B, Lin Y, Ye H, Lin L, Wu R. flgL mutation reduces pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila by negatively regulating swimming ability, biofilm forming ability, adherence and virulence gene expression. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129676. [PMID: 38272420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a serious human and animal co-pathogenic bacterium. Flagellum, a key virulence factor, is vital for bacterium tissue colonization and invasion. flgL is a crucial gene involved in the composition of flagellum. However, the impact of flgL on virulence is not yet clear. In this study, we constructed a stable mutant strain (△flgL-AH) using homologous recombination. The results of the attack experiments indicated a significant decrease in the virulence of △flgL-AH. The biological properties analysis revealed a significant decline in swimming ability and biofilm formation capacity in △flgL-AH and the transmission electron microscope results showed that the ∆flgL-AH strain did not have a flagellar structure. Moreover, a significant decrease in the adhesion capacity of ∆flgL-AH was found using absolute fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The quantitative real-time PCR results showed that the expression of omp and the eight flagellum-related genes were down-regulated. In summary, flgL mutation leads to a reduction in pathogenicity possibly via decreasing the swimming ability, biofilm formation capacity and adhesion capacity, these changes might result from the down expression of omp and flagellar-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijiang Xiong
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chuanyu Xiong
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiahui Lu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rui Long
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hanyang Jiao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yun Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hua Ye
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lingyun Lin
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, China.
| | - Ronghua Wu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Lu J, Xiong C, Wei J, Xiong C, Long R, Yu Y, Ye H, Ozdemir E, Li Y, Wu R. The role and molecular mechanism of flgK gene in biological properties, pathogenicity and virulence genes expression of Aeromonas hydrophila. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129082. [PMID: 38161026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a highly pathogenic aquatic resident bacterium that can cause co-morbidity in aquatic animals, waterfowl, poultry, and humans. Flagellum is the motility organ of bacteria important for bacterium tissue colonization and invasion. The flgK gene encodes a flagellar hook protein essential for normal flagellar formation. In order to explore the role of flgK in A. hydrophila, a flgK gene mutant strain of A. hydrophila (∆flgK-AH) was constructed using an efficient suicide plasmid-mediated homologous recombination method, and gene sequencing confirmed successful mutation of the flgK gene. The biological properties, pathogenicity and virulence genes expression were compared. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the growth, hemolytic, and swarming abilities, but the swimming and biofilm formation abilities of ∆flgK-AH were significantly reduced and the transmission electron microscope (TEM) results showed that the ∆flgK-AH strain did not have a flagellar structure. The median lethal dose (LD50) value of the ∆flgK-AH in Carassius auratus was 1.47-fold higher than that of the wild-type strain (WT-AH). The quantitative real-time PCR results showed that only the expression level of the lapA gene was up-regulated by 1.47 times compared with the WT-AH, while the expression levels of other genes were significantly down-regulated. In conclusion, flgK gene mutant led to a decline in the pathogenicity possibly by reducing swimming and biofilm formation abilities, these biological properties might result from the down-regulated expression of flagellate and pilus-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Lu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chuanyu Xiong
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jinming Wei
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Caijiang Xiong
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rui Long
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yongxiang Yu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hua Ye
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Eda Ozdemir
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ronghua Wu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Xue J, Lv J, Liu L, Duan F, Shi A, Ji X, Ding L. Maltodextrin-binding protein as a key factor in Cronobacter sakazakii survival under desiccation stress. Food Res Int 2024; 177:113871. [PMID: 38225116 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) is a notorious pathogen responsible for infections in infants and newborns, often transmitted through contaminated infant formula. Despite the use of traditional pasteurization methods, which can reduce microbial contamination, there remains a significant risk of pathogenic C. sakazakii surviving due to its exceptional stress tolerance. In our study, we employed a comparative proteomic approach by comparing wild-type strains with gene knockout strains to identify the essential genes crucial for the successful survival of C. sakazakii during desiccation. Our investigation revealed the significance of envZ-ompR, recA, and flhD gene cassettes in contributing to desiccation tolerance in C. sakazakii. Furthermore, through our comparative proteomic profiling, we identified the maltodextrin-binding protein encoded by ESA_03421 as a potential factor influencing dry tolerance. This protein is regulated by EnvZ-OmpR, RecA, and FlhD. Notably, the knockout of ESA_03421 resulted in a 150% greater reduction in Log CFU compared to the wild-type C. sakazakii. Overall, our findings offer valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying C. sakazakii desiccation tolerance and provide potential targets for the development of new antimicrobial strategies aimed at reducing the risk of infections in infants and newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xue
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Department of Neurology, Department of Critical Care Medicine,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Department of Neurology, Department of Critical Care Medicine,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Lanfang Liu
- Shiyan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Fangfang Duan
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Department of Neurology, Department of Critical Care Medicine,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Aiying Shi
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemeng Ji
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Li Ding
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Department of Neurology, Department of Critical Care Medicine,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
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6
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Wang Y, Ling N, Wang Y, Ou D, Liang Z, Li G, Zhao H, Ye Y. Effect of ferric ions on Cronobacter sakazakii growth, biofilm formation, and swarming motility. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 408:110418. [PMID: 37857020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) is a common food-borne pathogen that induces meningitis, sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis, primarily in newborns and infants. Iron plays a pivotal role in the growth of cells and biofilm formation. However, the effects of hemin (ferric ion donor) on C. sakazakii cells are scarcely known. Here, we explored the effect of ferric ions on the growth of planktonic C. sakazakii, biofilm formation, and swarming motility by crystal violet staining (CVS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and swarming assay. Our study demonstrated that ferric ions facilitated the growth of planktonic C. sakazakii, while hemin at concentrations ranging from 50 to 800 μmol/L promoted biofilm formation and at concentrations between 50 and 200 μmol/L enhanced the swarming motility of C. sakazakii. Furthermore, high hemin concentrations (400-800 μmol/L) were found to reduce flagellar length, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These findings indicated that ferric ions mediated the swarming motility of C. sakazakii by regulating flagellar assembly. Finally, transcriptomic analysis of C. sakazakii was performed at hemin concentrations of 0, 50, and 200 μmol/L, which revealed that several genes associated with iron transport and metabolism, and flagellar assembly were essential for the survival of C. sakazakii under hemin treatment. Our findings revealed the molecular basis of ferric ions on C. sakazakii growth and biofilm formation, thus providing a novel perspective for its prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Na Ling
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Dexin Ou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zhao Liang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Institute of Horticulture Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhao
- Institute of Horticulture Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Yingwang Ye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China.
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7
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Yang X, Peng Z, He M, Li Z, Fu G, Li S, Zhang J. Screening, probiotic properties, and inhibition mechanism of a Lactobacillus antagonistic to Listeria monocytogenes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167587. [PMID: 37797767 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most lethal foodborne pathogens, and there is a lack of microorganisms that can strongly inhibit its growth. Safe lactic acid bacteria with probiotic and antibacterial properties are ideal sources of antagonistic bacteria. This study isolated a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum 4-10 that completely killed L. monocytogenes from northeastern Chinese sauerkraut. Probiotic characterization revealed broad-spectrum bacterial inhibition, antagonizing 16 Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungal species. After tolerance to simulated intestinal and gastric fluids, the survival rate was >45 %. L. plantarum 4-10 was sensitive to chloramphenicol, doxycycline, erythromycin, and tetracycline, and exhibited good hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, and co-aggregation. It could disrupt the cell structure when co-cultured with L. monocytogenes and act as a lethal agent within 15 h. Through transcriptomic analysis and validation experiments, we found that L. plantarum 4-10 could inhibit the expression of L. monocytogenes membrane transport-related genes by producing bacteriocins, thus disrupting the cell membrane structure and inhibiting the growth, metabolic viability, and biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes in a short time. In conclusion, L. plantarum 4-10 has good probiotic properties and antibacterial effects and shows excellent research and application prospects as a natural bacteriostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mengni He
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Fujian Maidu Food Development Co., Ltd, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Guihua Fu
- Fujian Maidu Food Development Co., Ltd, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Shaolei Li
- Fujian Maidu Food Development Co., Ltd, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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8
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Ping L, Zhengyang Z, Mohan S, Ruihong W, Zhengang L, Wen L, Xuemeng J, Yue C, Xinjun D, Shuo W. Effects and molecular mechanism of sugar transporter ESA_RS15745 on desiccation resistance, motility, and biofilm formation of Cronobacter sakazakii. J Food Sci 2024; 89:581-595. [PMID: 38126106 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii, an important Gram-negative foodborne pathogen, can cause neonatal meningitis and sepsis with high rates of infection and death. Gene ESA_RS15745 encodes a sugar transporter protein, which is not only essential for osmotic pressure maintenance during bacterial growth and reproduction but also associated with their desiccation tolerance, motility, and biofilm formation. Here, a mutant strain of ESA_RS15745 (ΔESA_RS15745) and the complementation strain (cpESA_RS15745) were constructed using a suicide vector knockout and gene complementation. ΔESA_RS15745 was found to have a decrease in its ability to transport maltose and trehalose and resist desiccation, whereas an increase in the ability of motility and biofilm formation, implying that ESA_RS15745 may positively regulate sugar transport and desiccation tolerance and negatively regulate motility and biofilm formation. To further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of related genes, RNA-seq was performed to explore the differentially expressed genes in the mutants. RNA-seq results showed the upregulation of 114 genes (mainly including those regulating chemotaxis and flagellar motility) and the downregulation of 22 genes (mainly including those regulating sugar transport). qRT-PCR analysis supported the RNA-seq results and showed that ESA_RS15745 may influence the dehydration tolerance though decreasing the intracellular trehalose content and negatively regulate the motility though the chemotactic signaling pathway. In addition, the biofilm formation of C. sakazakii should also be speculated to negatively regulate by ESA_RS15745 by consuming the extracellular carbohydrates concentration and then downregulating the intracellular cyclic diguanosine monophosphate. This study offers a reference for comprehending the molecular mechanism of gene ESA_RS15745 in C. sakazakii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhang Zhengyang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Si Mohan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wang Ruihong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Zhengang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lv Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji Xuemeng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Yue
- School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Du Xinjun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wang Shuo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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9
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Song D, Jia A, Liu B, Liu S, Dong K, Man C, Yang X, Jiang Y. Whole-transcriptome analysis after the acquisition of antibiotic resistance of Cronobacter sakazakii: Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and virulence changes. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113664. [PMID: 37981356 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria led to the misuse of antibiotics, resulting in the emergence of more resistant bacteria and continuous improvement in their resistance ability. Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) has been considered a pathogen that harms infants. Incidents of C. sakazakii contamination have continued globally, several studies have indicated that C. sakazakii is increasingly resistant to antibiotics. A few studies have explored the mechanism of antibiotic resistance in C. sakazakii, and some have examined the antibiotic resistance and changes in virulence levels. We aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance mechanism and virulence differences in C. sakazakii. The level of virulence factors of C. sakazakii was modified after induction by antibiotics compared with the antibiotic-sensitive strains, and the XS001-Ofl group had the strongest capacity to produce enterotoxin (85.18 pg/mL) and hemolysin (1.47 ng/mL). The biofilm formation capacity after induction significantly improved. The number of bases and mapped reads in all groups accounted for more than 55 % and 70 %, as detected by transcriptomic analysis. The resistance mechanism of different antibiotics was more common in efflux pumps, cationic antimicrobial peptides, and biofilm formation pathways. The level of antibiotic resistance mainly affected the expression of virulence genes associated with flagella assembly and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danliangmin Song
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Ai Jia
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Biqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Kai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Chaoxin Man
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xinyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yujun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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10
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Shen Y, Shi Z, Zhao J, Li M, Tang J, Wang N, Mo Y, Yang T, Zhou X, Chen Q, Yang P. Whole genome sequencing provides evidence for Bacillus velezensis SH-1471 as a beneficial rhizosphere bacterium in plants. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20929. [PMID: 38017088 PMCID: PMC10684890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus is widely used in agriculture due to its diverse biological activities. We isolated a Bacillus velezensis SH-1471 from the rhizosphere soil of healthy tobacco, which has broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against a variety of plant pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium oxysporum, and can be colonized in the rhizosphere of a variety of plants. This study will further explore its mechanism by combining biological and molecular biology methods. SH-1471 contains a ring chromosome of 4,181,346 bp with a mean G + C content of 46.18%. We identified 14 homologous genes related to biosynthesis of resistant secondary metabolite, and three clusters encoded potential new antibacterial substances. It also contains a large number of genes from colonizing bacteria and genes related to plant bacterial interactions. It also contains genes related to environmental stress, as well as genes related to drug resistance. We also found that there are many metabolites in the strain that can inhibit the growth of pathogens. In addition, our indoor pot test found that SH-1471 has a good control effect on tomato wilt, and could significantly improve plant height, stem circumference, root length, root weight, and fresh weight and dry weight of the aboveground part of tomato seedlings. Therefore, SH-1471 is a potential biological control strain with important application value. The results of this study will help to further study the mechanism of SH-1471 in biological control of plant diseases and promote its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxin Shen
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 655508, China
| | - Zhufeng Shi
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Jiangyuan Zhao
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Minggang Li
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Jiacai Tang
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 655508, China
| | - Yanfang Mo
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 655508, China
| | - Tongyu Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 655508, China
| | - Xudong Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Qibin Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 655508, China.
| | - Peiweng Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China.
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11
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Carril G, Winther-Larsen HC, Løvoll M, Sørum H. Cohabitation of Piscirickettsia salmonis genogroups (LF-89 and EM-90): synergistic effect on growth dynamics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1253577. [PMID: 37953796 PMCID: PMC10634514 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1253577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Piscirickettsia salmonis, the biological agent of Salmonid Rickettsial Septicemia (SRS), is a facultative intracellular bacterium that can be divided into two genogroups (LF-89 and EM-90) with different virulence levels and patterns. Studies have found co-infection of these genogroups in salmonid farms in Chile, but it is essential to assess whether this interaction within the host is related to virulence and changes in pathogen dynamics. In this study, we studied four isolates from EM-90 and one LF-89 isolate chosen based on their genomic differences. The aim was to evaluate how co-cultivation affects bacterial growth performance and virulence factor expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in vitro and in vivo. In vitro results using FN2 medium, showed a similar growth curve between co-cultures of LF-89 and EM-90 compared to EM-90 monocultures. This was explained by the higher ratio of EM-90 to LF-89 in all co-cultures. When evaluating the expression of virulence factors, it was discovered that the luxR gene was expressed only in EM-90-like isolates and that there were significant differences between mono- and co-cultures for flaA and cheA, suggesting a response to cohabitation. Moreover, during in vivo co-cultures, transcriptomic analysis revealed an upregulation of transposases, flagellum-related genes (fliI and flgK), transporters, and permeases that could unveil novel virulence effectors used in the early infection process of P. salmonis. Thus, our work has shown that cohabitation of P. salmonis genogroups can modulate their behavior and virulence effector expression. These data can contribute to new strategies and approaches to improve the current health treatments against this salmonid pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Carril
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Hanne C. Winther-Larsen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Henning Sørum
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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12
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Lu P, Xue J, Chen X, Ji X. Impact of DnaK on protein expression and deamidation modification in Cronobacter sakazakii: insights from proteomic analysis. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0051623. [PMID: 37747248 PMCID: PMC10624243 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00516-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the influence of DnaK on intracellular proteins in Cronobacter sakazakii, a Gram-negative bacterium known for causing infections, particularly in neonates. Proteomic and post-translational modification analyses were performed, revealing a potential link between DnaK and protein deamidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Xue
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemeng Ji
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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13
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Lu P, Dong X, Ji X. Cronobacter sakazakii Pyridoxal Kinase PdxY Mediated by TreR and pESA3 Is Essential for Vitamin B 6 (PLP) Maintenance and Virulence. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0092423. [PMID: 37458600 PMCID: PMC10467337 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00924-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing severe infections, particularly in neonates. Despite the bacterium's strong pathogenicity, the pathogenicity of C. sakazakii is not yet well understood. Using a comparative proteomic profiling approach, we successfully identified pdxY, encoding a pyridoxal kinase involved in the recycling of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), as a gene essential for the successful pathogenesis of C. sakazakii. Knocking out the pdxY gene resulted in slower growth and reduced virulence. Our study sheds light on the fundamental importance of pyridoxal kinase for the survival and virulence of C. sakazakii. The identification of pdxY as gene essential for successful pathogenesis provides a potential target for the development of new antibiotic treatments. IMPORTANCE The opportunistic pathogen Cronobacter sakazakii is known to cause severe infections, particularly in neonates, and can result in high mortality rates. In this study, we used a comparative proteomic profiling approach to identify genes essential for the successful pathogenesis of C. sakazakii. We successfully identified pdxY, encoding a pyridoxal kinase involved in the salvage pathway of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), as a gene essential for the successful pathogenesis of C. sakazakii. Knocking out the pdxY gene resulted in impaired growth and reduced virulence. This study sheds light on the fundamental importance of pyridoxal kinase for the survival and virulence of C. sakazakii, which can be a potential target for the development of new antibiotic treatments. This study highlights the importance of comparative proteomic profiling in identifying virulence factors that can be targeted for the development of new antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemeng Ji
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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14
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Lu P, Xue J, Chen X, Ji X. DnaK-Mediated Protein Deamidation: a Potential Mechanism for Virulence and Stress Adaptation in Cronobacter sakazakii. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0050523. [PMID: 37382536 PMCID: PMC10370310 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00505-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes infections in individuals of all ages, with neonates being the most vulnerable group. The objective of this study was to explore the function of the dnaK gene in C. sakazakii and to elucidate the impact of alterations in the protein composition regulated by dnaK on virulence and stress adaptation. Our research demonstrates the critical role of the dnaK gene in various key virulence factors, including adhesion, invasion, and acid resistance in C. sakazakii. Through the use of proteomic analysis, we discovered that deletion of the dnaK gene in C. sakazakii leads to an upregulation of protein abundance and increased levels of deamidated posttranscriptional modifications, suggesting that DnaK may play a role in maintaining proper protein activity by reducing protein deamidation in bacteria. These findings indicate that DnaK-mediated protein deamidation may be a novel mechanism for virulence and stress adaptation in C. sakazakii. These findings suggest that targeting DnaK could be a promising strategy for developing drugs to treat C. sakazakii infections. IMPORTANCE Cronobacter sakazakii can cause disease in individuals of all ages, with infections in premature infants being particularly deadly and resulting in bacterial meningitis and sepsis with a high mortality rate. Our study demonstrates that dnaK in Cronobacter sakazakii plays a critical role in virulence, adhesion, invasion, and acid resistance. Using proteomic analysis to compare protein changes in response to dnaK knockout, we found that dnaK knockout significantly upregulates the abundance of some proteins but also results in the deamidation of many proteins. Our research has identified a connection between molecular chaperones and protein deamidation, which suggests a potential future drug development strategy of targeting DnaK as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Xue
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemeng Ji
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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15
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Li P, Yin R, Cheng J, Lin J. Bacterial Biofilm Formation on Biomaterials and Approaches to Its Treatment and Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11680. [PMID: 37511440 PMCID: PMC10380251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms can cause widespread infection. In addition to causing urinary tract infections and pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis, biofilms can help microorganisms adhere to the surfaces of various medical devices, causing biofilm-associated infections on the surfaces of biomaterials such as venous ducts, joint prostheses, mechanical heart valves, and catheters. Biofilms provide a protective barrier for bacteria and provide resistance to antimicrobial agents, which increases the morbidity and mortality of patients. This review summarizes biofilm formation processes and resistance mechanisms, as well as the main features of clinically persistent infections caused by biofilms. Considering the various infections caused by clinical medical devices, we introduce two main methods to prevent and treat biomaterial-related biofilm infection: antibacterial coatings and the surface modification of biomaterials. Antibacterial coatings depend on the covalent immobilization of antimicrobial agents on the coating surface and drug release to prevent and combat infection, while the surface modification of biomaterials affects the adhesion behavior of cells on the surfaces of implants and the subsequent biofilm formation process by altering the physical and chemical properties of the implant material surface. The advantages of each strategy in terms of their antibacterial effect, biocompatibility, limitations, and application prospects are analyzed, providing ideas and research directions for the development of novel biofilm infection strategies related to therapeutic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jinshui Lin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China; (P.L.); (R.Y.); (J.C.)
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16
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Fan Y, Li P, Zhu D, Zhao C, Jiao J, Ji X, Du X. Effects of ESA_00986 Gene on Adhesion/Invasion and Virulence of Cronobacter sakazakii and Its Molecular Mechanism. Foods 2023; 12:2572. [PMID: 37444309 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen that has been identified as a causative agent of severe foodborne infections with a higher risk of mortality in neonates, premature infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised populations. The specific pathogenesis mechanisms of C. sakazakii, such as adhesion and colonization, remain unclear. Previously, we conducted comparative proteomic studies on the two strains with the stronger and weaker infection ability, respectively, and found an interesting protein, ESA_00986, which was more highly expressed in the strain with the stronger ability. This unknown protein, predicted to be a type of invasitin related to invasion, may be a critical factor contributing to its virulence. This study aimed to elucidate the precise roles of the ESA_00986 gene in C. sakazakii by generating gene knockout mutants and complementary strains. The mutant and complementary strains were assessed for their biofilm formation, mobility, cell adhesion and invasion, and virulence in a rat model. Compared with the wild-type strain, the mutant strain exhibited a decrease in motility, whereas the complementary strain showed comparable motility to the wild-type. The biofilm-forming ability of the mutant was weakened, and the mutant also exhibited attenuated adhesion to/invasion of intestinal epithelial cells (HCT-8, HICE-6) and virulence in a rat model. This indicated that ESA_00986 plays a positive role in adhesion/invasion and virulence. This study proves that the ESA_00986 gene encodes a novel virulence factor and advances our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of C. sakazakii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Dongdong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chumin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jingbo Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xuemeng Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xinjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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