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Fasciano S, Wheba A, Ddamulira C, Wang S. Recent advances in scaffolding biomaterials for cultivated meat. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 162:213897. [PMID: 38810509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of cultivated meat provides a sustainable and ethical alternative to traditional animal agriculture, highlighting its increasing importance in the food industry. Biomaterial scaffolds are critical components in cultivated meat production for enabling cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and orientation. While there's extensive research on scaffolding biomaterials, applying them to cultivated meat production poses distinct challenges, with each material offering its own set of advantages and disadvantages. This review summarizes the most recent scaffolding biomaterials used in the last five years for cell-cultured meat, detailing their respective advantages and disadvantages. We suggest future research directions and provide recommendations for scaffolds that support scalable, cost-effective, and safe high-quality meat production. Additionally, we highlight commercial challenges cultivated meat faces, encompassing bioreactor design, cell culture mediums, and regulatory and food safety issues. In summary, this review provides a comprehensive guide and valuable insights for researchers and companies in the field of cultivated meat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Fasciano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Anas Wheba
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Christopher Ddamulira
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Shue Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
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Sogore T, Guo M, Sun N, Jiang D, Shen M, Ding T. Microbiological and chemical hazards in cultured meat and methods for their detection. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13392. [PMID: 38865212 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Cultured meat, which involves growing meat in a laboratory rather than breeding animals, offers potential benefits in terms of sustainability, health, and animal welfare compared to conventional meat production. However, the cultured meat production process involves several stages, each with potential hazards requiring careful monitoring and control. Microbial contamination risks exist in the initial cell collection from source animals and the surrounding environment. During cell proliferation, hazards may include chemical residues from media components such as antibiotics and growth factors, as well as microbial issues from improper bioreactor sterilization. In the differentiation stage where cells become muscle tissue, potential hazards include residues from scaffolding materials, microcarriers, and media components. Final maturation and harvesting stages risk environmental contamination from nonsterile conditions, equipment, or worker handling if proper aseptic conditions are not maintained. This review examines the key microbiological and chemical hazards that must be monitored and controlled during the manufacturing process for cultured meats. It describes some conventional and emerging novel techniques that could be applied for the detection of microbial and chemical hazards in cultured meat. The review also outlines the current evolving regulatory landscape around cultured meat and explains how thorough detection and characterization of microbiological and chemical hazards through advanced analytical techniques can provide crucial data to help develop robust, evidence-based food safety regulations specifically tailored for the cultured meat industry. Implementing new digital food safety methods is recommended for further research on the sensitive and effective detection of microbiological and chemical hazards in cultured meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahirou Sogore
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meimei Guo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Donglei Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Mofei Shen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tian Ding
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China
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Nielsen SDH, Sahebekhtiari N, Huang Z, Young JF, Rasmussen MK. Comparison of secreted miRNAs and proteins during proliferation and differentiation of bovine satellite cells in culture implies potential roles in regulating myogenesis. Gene 2024; 894:147979. [PMID: 37952749 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated meat is an emerging new technology to produce sustainable meat for the future. The common approach for cultivated meat, is the isolation of satellite cells from donor animals, followed by in vitro proliferation and differentiation into primitive muscle fibers. The transformation of satellite cells into myofibers is tightly orchestrated by intra-cellular signaling, while the inter-cellular signaling is less well understood. Thus, the current study was conducted to map the secretion of potential signaling molecules (MicroRNAs and proteins) during proliferation and differentiation. Primary cultures of satellite cells were grown to 50% and 80% confluence, representing the proliferative phase or serum-starved for 1 and 3 days to induce differentiation. Post incubation in FBS-free media, the media were collected and analyzed for miRNA and protein content using gene-arrays and LC-MS/MS, respectively. When comparing the miRNA secretome at 50% and 80% confluence, we observed four differentially expressed miRNA, while only five were differentially expressed when comparing Day 1 to Day 3. A subsequent in silico analysis suggested that pathways of importance for myogenesis, e.g., MAPK and AMPK signaling, could be regulated by the secreted miRNAs. In addition, >300 proteins were secreted, including insulin-like growth factor 1 binding proteins 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. In conclusion, this study demonstrated differential secretion of several miRNAs and proteins during both proliferation and differentiation of bovine satellite cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navid Sahebekhtiari
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Ziyu Huang
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jette Feveile Young
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Dai W, Chen Y, Xiong W, Li S, Tan WS, Zhou Y. Development of a serum-free medium for myoblasts long-term expansion and 3D culture for cell-based meat. J Food Sci 2024; 89:851-865. [PMID: 38174744 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Cell-based meat technology provides an effective method to meet the demand for meat, while also posing a huge challenge to the expansion of myoblasts. It is difficult to develop serum-free medium suitable for long-term culture and large-scale expansion of myoblasts, which causes limited understanding of myoblasts expansion. Therefore, this study used C2C12 myoblasts as model cells and developed a serum-free medium for large-scale expansion of myoblasts in vitro using the Plackett-Burman design. The serum-free medium can support short-term proliferation and long-term passage of C2C12 myoblasts, while maintaining myogenic differentiation potential well, which is comparable to those of growth medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Based on the C2C12 myoblasts microcarriers serum-free culture system established in this study, the actual expansion folds of myoblasts can reach 43.55 folds after 7 days. Moreover, cell-based meat chunks were preliminarily prepared using glutamine transaminase and edible pigments. The research results provide reference for serum-free culture and large-scale expansion of myoblasts in vitro, laying the foundation for cell-based meat production. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study developed a serum-free medium suitable for long-term passage of myoblasts and established a microcarrier serum-free culture system for myoblasts, which is expected to solve the problem of serum-free culture and large-scale expansion of myoblasts in cell culture meat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wanli Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Yu IS, Choi J, Kim MK, Kim MJ. The Comparison of Commercial Serum-Free Media for Hanwoo Satellite Cell Proliferation and the Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:1017-1030. [PMID: 37969322 PMCID: PMC10636218 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal bovine serum (FBS), which contains various nutrients, comprises 20% of the growth medium for cell-cultivated meat. However, ethical, cost, and scientific issues, necesitates identification of alternatives. In this study, we investigated commercially manufactured serum-free media capable of culturing Hanwoo satellite cells (HWSCs) to identify constituent proliferation enhancing factors. Six different serum-free media were selected, and the HWSC proliferation rates in these serum-free media were compared with that of control medium supplemented with 20% FBS. Among the six media, cell proliferation rates were higher only in StemFlexTM Medium (SF) and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Growth Medium DXF (MS) than in the control medium. SF and MS contain high fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) concentrations, and we found upregulated FGF2 protein expression in cells cultured in SF or MS. Activation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1)-mediated signaling pathway and stimulation of muscle satellite cell proliferation-related factors were confirmed by the presence of related biomarkers (FGFR1, FRS2, Raf1, ERK, p38, Pax7, and MyoD) as indicated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry. Moreover, PD173074, an FGFR1 inhibitor suppressed cell proliferation in SF and MS and downregulated related biomarkers (FGFR1, FRS2, Raf1, and ERK). The promotion of cell proliferation in SF and MS was therefore attributed to FGF2, which indicates that FGFR1 activation in muscle satellite cells may be a target for improving the efficiency of cell-cultivated meat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-sun Yu
- Division of Food Functionality Research,
Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
- Department of Food Science and Human
Nutrition and K-Food Research Center, Jeonbuk National
University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Jungseok Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Mina K. Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human
Nutrition and K-Food Research Center, Jeonbuk National
University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Division of Food Functionality Research,
Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
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