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Yamashita T, Sato M, Ata S, Yamashita K. Predictors of flatfoot in 11-12-year olds: a longitudinal cohort study. Biomed Eng Online 2024; 23:83. [PMID: 39169367 PMCID: PMC11337572 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-024-01282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The structures around the navicular bones, which constitute the medial longitudinal arch, develop by 10 years of age. While navicular bone height is often emphasized in the assessment of flatfoot, three-dimensional (3D) evaluations, including those of structural parameters during inversion, have rarely been investigated. If the development of flatfoot during the growth process could be predicted, appropriate interventions could be implemented. Therefore, in this longitudinal cohort study, we developed a system, utilizing smartphones, to measure the 3D structure of the foot, performed a longitudinal analysis of changes in midfoot structures in 124 children aged 9-12 years, and identified factors influencing the height of the navicular bone. The foot skeletal structure was measured using a 3D system. RESULTS Over 2 years, foot length and instep height increased during development, while navicular height decreased. The 25th percentile of the instep height ratio and navicular height ratio at ages 9-10 years did not exceed those at ages 11-12 years, with percentages of 17.9% and 71.6%, respectively, for boys, and 15.8% and 49.1%, respectively, for girls. As the quartiles of the second toe-heel-navicular angle (SHN angle) increased at ages 9-10 years, the axis of the bone distance (ABD) and SHN angles at ages 11-12 years also increased, resulting in a decrease in the navicular height ratio. A significant inverse correlation was found between changes in SHN angle and navicular height ratio. These findings indicate that the navicular bone rotation of the midfoot is a predictor of the descent of the navicular bone. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that some children exhibit decreases in navicular bone height with growth. As a distinct feature, the inversion of the navicular bone promotes flattening of the midfoot. Thus, this study provides insights into changes in midfoot development in children and provides an effective evaluation index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Human Care at Makuhari, Tohto University, 1-1 Hibino, Mihama-Ku, Chiba, 261-0021, Japan.
- Department of core informatics, Graduate School of Informatics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Sato
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Gunma Paz University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shingo Ata
- Department of core informatics, Graduate School of Informatics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Human Care at Makuhari, Tohto University, 1-1 Hibino, Mihama-Ku, Chiba, 261-0021, Japan
- Department of Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
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Zuil-Escobar JC, Martín-Urrialde JA, Gómez-Conesa A, Martínez-Cepa CB. High Medial Longitudinal Arch of the Foot and Latent Trigger Points in Lower Limb Muscles. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4049. [PMID: 39064088 PMCID: PMC11277851 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of latent trigger points (LTrPs) in lower limb muscles in participants with a high medial longitudinal arch (MLA) of the foot compared to controls. Methods: Participants with a navicular drop test of 4-9 mm were included in the control group; the high MLA group included navicular drop test values of ≤4 mm. The presence of LTrPs was assessed by palpation techniques. The muscles evaluated were medial gastrocnemius (LTrP1), lateral gastrocnemius (LTrP2), soleus (LTrP1), peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum longus, rectus femoris, vastus medialis (LTrP1 and LTrP2), and the vastus lateralis of the quadriceps (LTrP1 and LTrP2). Results: Thirty-seven participants with high MLA and thirty-seven controls were included in the study. Twenty-nine (78.4%) participants in the high MLA group had at least 1 LTrP, compared to twenty-three (62.2%) in the control group. No statistical difference (p < 0.05) was found in the total number of LTrPs between groups (4.46 ± 3.78 vs. 3.24 ± 3.85). There were more participants (p < 0.05) with LTrPs in the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, and vastus lateralis (LTrP1 and LTrP2) in the high MLA group than in the control group. Conclusion: Although no differences were found in the number of total LTrPs between groups, the prevalence was statistically significantly higher in the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, and vastus lateralis of the participants with high MLA of the foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Zuil-Escobar
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain;
| | - José Antonio Martín-Urrialde
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain;
| | - Antonia Gómez-Conesa
- Research Group Research Methods and Evaluation in Social Sciences, Mare Nostrum Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Carmen Belén Martínez-Cepa
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain;
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Alshammari S, Alshwieer MAM, Dammas SS, Alrasheed AM, Alasmari MA, Alahmari MMA, Alazmi AK. Arabic translation, cross cultural adaptation, and validation of Foot Health Status Questionnaire among Saudi individuals with plantar fasciitis. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:754. [PMID: 37794498 PMCID: PMC10552317 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measuring quality of life (QoL) plays an essential role in enabling meaningful cross-cultural comparisons. The Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ) is a valid tool for assessing both foot-specific and general health-related quality of life (HrQoL), making it suitable for evaluating Plantar Fasciitis (PF) patients. METHODOLOGY The aim of this study is to translate the FHSQ into Arabic following methodological assessments of the translation procedure. The translation was done using forward and back translation. A pre-test questionnaire was distributed among 50 patients, resulting in the final FHSQ-Ar version, which then underwent various psychometric evaluations among 87 persons with PF, including internal consistency, dimensionality, reliability, interpretability, and construct validity against the 100-mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). RESULTS Internal consistency was adequate, ranging from 0.70 to 0.92. Reliability values ranged from 0.69 to 0.80, with a poor standard error of measurement (individual) but an acceptable standard error of measurement (group). Two domains exhibited floor effects, while one domain showed a ceiling effect. Regarding validity, three out of four hypothesized correlations with VAS scores were confirmed. Factor analysis revealed four dimensions, and confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated good fit (comparative fit index = 0.98, standardized root mean square = 0.06). CONCLUSION The psychometric properties of the FHSQ-Ar were satisfactory. Further validation for other diseases may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Alshammari
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Žukauskas S, Barauskas V, Degliūtė-Muller R, Čekanauskas E. Really Asymptomatic? Health-Related Quality of Life and Objective Clinical Foot Characteristics among 5-10-Year-Old Children with a Flexible FlatFoot. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093331. [PMID: 37176771 PMCID: PMC10179374 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential effects of asymptomatic flexible flatfoot (FF) on children's health-related quality of life (QoL) and objective clinical foot characteristics have been poorly investigated in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse these indicators, comparing the children with asymptomatic FF and a control group. METHODS In total, 351 children were enrolled in this cross-sectional study-160 children with asymptomatic FF and 191 controls (children with normal feet). The children and their parents completed the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQLTM 4.0). The objective foot characteristics included clinical foot posture measures, footprints, general hyperlaxity, and X-ray measurements. RESULTS Children with asymptomatic FF had a significantly lower QoL (overall and all four dimensions). The parents' assessment of the QoL of their children with asymptomatic FF in most cases was lower compared to their children's self-reported QoL. Moreover, almost all clinical foot measures also had significantly worse profiles among asymptomatic FF cases compared to the controls. This was observed with the Foot Posture Index-6 (FPI-6), the navicular drop (ND) test, the Chippaux-Smirak Index (CSI), Staheli's Index (SI), the Beighton scale, and radiological angles (except the talo-first metatarsal angle). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that asymptomatic FF not always reflects a normal foot development. This condition is related to decreased health-related quality of life, so the 5-10-year-old children's and their parents' complaints should be considered more closely in identification, treatment, and monitoring plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidas Žukauskas
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vidmantas Barauskas
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ramunė Degliūtė-Muller
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Emilis Čekanauskas
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Azadinia F, Saeedi H, Poorpooneh M, Moulodi N, Jalali M. Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Evaluation of the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index in Persian-Speaking Iranians With Foot Disorders. J Foot Ankle Surg 2022; 61:867-871. [PMID: 34987006 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Foot pain has a significantly detrimental effect on mobility, function, and health status. Researchers have developed a number of measurement tools to assess foot health and its impact on quality of life. This study was conducted to translate the original English Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (MFPDI) into Persian and to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version. A total of 206 patients with a range of foot disorders filled out the Persian version of the MFPDI and the Short-Form 36 Health Survey. The Persian version of the MFPDI was re-completed by the participants at an interval of 5 to 7 days. The analyses performed included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, and floor and ceiling effect analysis. The Persian MFPDI had a good internal consistency (Cronbach's α ≥ 0.70) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.84). The construct validity of the Persian MFPDI was demonstrated to be acceptable as a result of its significantly strong negative correlations with the Short-Form 36 Health Survey. The results of this study showed that the Persian version of the MFPDI is a valid and reliable measure to assess foot-related disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Azadinia
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Associate Professor, Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Saeedi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Associate Professor, Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Poorpooneh
- Orthotist/Prosthetist, Iranian Red Crescent Society, Rehabilitation Center of Esfahan, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Moulodi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Jalali
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Associate Professor, Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Yamashita T, Yamashita K, Sato M, Ata S. Differences in Foot Features Between Children and Older Adults Assessed using a Three-Dimensional Foot Scanning System: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. ADVANCED BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.14326/abe.11.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuhiko Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Human Care at Makuhari, Tohto University
| | - Mitsuru Sato
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Gunma Paz University
| | - Shingo Ata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University
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Alfageme-García P, Calderón-García JF, Martínez-Nova A, Hidalgo-Ruiz S, Basilio-Fernández B, Rico-Martín S. Association between the Use of Backpack and Static Foot Posture in Schoolchildren with Static Pronated Foot Posture: A 36-Month Cohort Study. CHILDREN 2021; 8:children8090800. [PMID: 34572232 PMCID: PMC8467317 DOI: 10.3390/children8090800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Schoolchildren often spend a lot of time carrying a backpack with school equipment, which can be very heavy. The impact a backpack may have on the pronated feet of schoolchildren is unknown. Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of the backpack use on static foot posture in schoolchildren with a pronated foot posture over 36 months of follow-up. Methods: This observational longitudinal prospective study was based on a cohort of consecutive healthy schoolchildren with pronated feet from fifteen different schools in Plasencia (Spain). The following parameters were collected and measured in all children included in the study: sex, age, height, weight, body mass index, metatarsal formula, foot shape, type of shoes, and type of schoolbag (non-backpack and backpack). Static foot posture was determined by the mean of the foot posture index (FPI). The FPI was assessed again after 36 months. Results: A total of 112 participants used a backpack when going to school. Over the 36-month follow-up period, 76 schoolchildren who had a static pronated foot posture evolve a neutral foot posture. Univariate analysis showed that the schoolchildren using backpacks were at a greater risk of not developing neutral foot (odds ratio [OR]: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.08–4.09). The multivariate analysis provided similar results, where the schoolchildren using a backpack (adjusted OR [aOR]: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.02–3.82) had a significantly greater risk of not developing a neutral foot posture. Conclusions: A weak relationship was found between backpack use and schoolchildren aged from five to eleven years with static pronated feet not developing a neutral foot posture over a follow-up period of 36 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Alfageme-García
- Nursing Departament, University Center of Plasencia, University of Extremadura, 10600 Plasencia, Spain; (P.A.-G.); (A.M.-N.); (S.H.-R.); (B.B.-F.)
| | - Julián Fernando Calderón-García
- Nursing Department, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-927251267
| | - Alfonso Martínez-Nova
- Nursing Departament, University Center of Plasencia, University of Extremadura, 10600 Plasencia, Spain; (P.A.-G.); (A.M.-N.); (S.H.-R.); (B.B.-F.)
| | - Sonia Hidalgo-Ruiz
- Nursing Departament, University Center of Plasencia, University of Extremadura, 10600 Plasencia, Spain; (P.A.-G.); (A.M.-N.); (S.H.-R.); (B.B.-F.)
| | - Belinda Basilio-Fernández
- Nursing Departament, University Center of Plasencia, University of Extremadura, 10600 Plasencia, Spain; (P.A.-G.); (A.M.-N.); (S.H.-R.); (B.B.-F.)
| | - Sergio Rico-Martín
- Nursing Department, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
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Azadinia F, Saeedi H, Poorpooneh M, Mouloodi N, Jalali M. The translation, cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index in Persian-speaking Iranians with foot disorder. Foot Ankle Surg 2021; 27:688-692. [PMID: 32981850 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot pain has a significantly detrimental effect on mobility, function and health status. Researchers have developed a number of measurement tools to assess foot health and its impact on the quality of life. This study was conducted to translate the original English Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (MFPDI) into Persian and to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version. METHODS A total of 206 patients with a range of foot disorders filled out the Persian version of the MFPDI and the Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). The Persian version of the MFPDI was re-completed by the participants at an interval of five to seven days. The analyses performed included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, and floor and ceiling effect analysis. RESULTS The Persian MFPDI had a good internal consistency (Cronbach's α≥0.70) and test-retest reliability (ICC=0.84). The construct validity of the Persian MFPDI was demonstrated to be acceptable as a result of its significantly strong negative correlations with the SF-36. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that the Persian version of the MFPDI is a valid and reliable measure to assess foot-related disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Azadinia
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Saeedi
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Poorpooneh
- Iranian Red Crescent Society, Rehabilitation Center of Esfahan, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Mouloodi
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Jalali
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Alshehri MA, Alzaidi J, Alasmari S, Alfaqeh A, Arif M, Alotaiby SF, Alzahrani H. The Prevalence and Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Pain Among Pilgrims During the Hajj. J Pain Res 2021; 14:369-380. [PMID: 33603452 PMCID: PMC7881773 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s293338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal pain is a primary burden on individuals as well as social and health care systems. Annually, 2-3 million pilgrims perform the Hajj in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The Hajj is highly physically demanding because pilgrims generally move by foot for long distances among a series of religious sites, an effort that may exceed their typical levels of physical activity. To understand the impact of musculoskeletal pain on the completion of the Hajj, it is first necessary to evaluate the extent of the problem. Accordingly, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and associated factors among pilgrims during the Hajj. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the period of the Hajj. The participants were adult pilgrims ≥ 18 years of age. Data regarding demographics, the prevalence of falls and the point prevalence of musculoskeletal pain by anatomical site were recorded. Participants were allowed to report more than one site of pain. Prevalence, crude and adjusted risk ratios were calculated. RESULTS A total of 1715 pilgrims were included in the analysis. The prevalence of falls was 13.76%. The prevalence of overall musculoskeletal pain (pain at any site) was 80.46%. Musculoskeletal pain was most commonly reported in the ankle/foot (38.34%), leg (29.89%), lower back (28.47%) and knee (21.84%). In general, musculoskeletal pain at multiple sites was more common in females and in older and obese individuals. However, there were variations in the importance of sex, age and body mass index as associated factors across different pain sites. CONCLUSION Musculoskeletal pain is common among pilgrims. Unlike most populations examined in other studies, ankle/foot pain was the most common in pilgrims. These data provide guidance for potential preventative programs and the allocation of resources to optimize pilgrims' experiences and ability to complete the Hajj.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Abdullah Alshehri
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jamal Alzaidi
- Medical Rehabilitation Department, Makkah Health Affairs General Directorate, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alasmari
- Medical Rehabilitation Department, Makkah Health Affairs General Directorate, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alfaqeh
- Medical Rehabilitation Department, Makkah Health Affairs General Directorate, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Arif
- Medical Rehabilitation Department, Makkah Health Affairs General Directorate, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hosam Alzahrani
- Physiotherapy Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Chow TH, Chen YS, Tsai WC, Lin MH. Plantar Pressure Profiles and Possible Foot Syndromes of Taiwanese College Elite Basketball Players. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2021; 111:441319. [PMID: 32701122 DOI: 10.7547/18-043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plantar pressure assessments are useful for understanding the functions of the foot and lower limb and for predicting injury incidence rates. Musculoskeletal fatigue is likely to affect plantar pressure profiles. This study aimed to characterize college elite basketball players' plantar pressure profiles and pain profiles during static standing and walking. METHODS Fifty-one male elite basketball players and 85 male recreational basketball players participated in this study. An optical plantar pressure measurement system was used to collect the arch index (AI), regional plantar pressure distributions (PPDs), and footprint characteristics during static and dynamic activities. Elite basketball players' pain profiles were examined for evaluating their common musculoskeletal pain areas. RESULTS The AI values were in the reference range in recreational basketball players and considerably lower in elite basketball players. Elite basketball players' static PPDs of both feet were mainly exerted on the lateral longitudinal arch and the lateral heel and were relatively lower on the medial longitudinal arch and medial and lateral metatarsal bones. The PPDs mainly transferred to the lateral metatarsal bone and lateral longitudinal arch and decreased at the medial heel during the midstance phase of walking. The footprint characteristics of elite basketball players illustrated the features of calcaneal varus (supinated foot) of high arches and dropped cuboid foot. The lateral ankle joints and anterior cruciate ligaments were the common musculoskeletal pain areas. CONCLUSIONS Elite basketball players' AI values indicated high arches, and their PPDs tended to parallel the features of the high-arched supinated and dropped cuboid foot. Their pain profiles resonated with the common basketball injuries and reflected the features of Jones fracture and cuboid syndrome. The potential links among high-arched supinated foot, Jones fracture, and cuboid syndrome are worth further study.
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Getie K, Kahsay G, Kassaw A, Gomera G, Alamer A, Hailu T. Ankle and Foot Pain and Associated Factors Among Nurses at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study. J Pain Res 2021; 14:83-92. [PMID: 33500657 PMCID: PMC7826044 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s283580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ankle–foot pain is a significant public health problem in nurse professionals and has great burdens to the individuals, healthcare systems, and community at large. However, there is limited evidence on the prevalence of ankle–foot pain and its associated factors among nurses in Ethiopia. Thus, the finding of this study will help to address health problems resulting from ankle–foot pain among nurses. Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of ankle–s–foot pain among nurse working in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia. Patients and Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 366 nurses, and a simple random sampling technique was used to recruit study participants. Data were collected by using a self-administered adapted standardized Nordic questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and a bivariate logistic regression model were done to identify factors associated with ankle–foot pain. Those variables with a P-value less than 0.05 with 95% CI in multivariate model were taken as statistically significant. Finally, AOR with 95% confidence interval at a P-value of <0.05 was reported. Results The prevalence of self-reported ankle–foot pain among nurses was 43.7% (95% CI=38.5–49.1). Older age (AOR=7.669, 95% CI=2.316−25.390), low shoe comfort (AOR=4.215, 95% CI=2.031–8.745), multiple foot conditions (AOR=6.102 95% CI=1.959–19.008), working night shifts (AOR=2.047, 95% CI=1.098−3.816), high physical demand (AOR=3.487, 95% CI=1.988–6.116), and nurses working in the intensive care unit (AOR=2.402, 95% CI=1.219–4.732) showed a statistically significant association with ankle–foot pain. Conclusion This study indicated that the prevalence of ankle–foot pain is commonly reported among nurses working in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Therefore, awareness and prevention of ankle and foot pain in nurses should be prioritized to reducing risk factors. Nurses should give attention to comfortable footwear, and further longitudinal research is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefale Getie
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Gebreslassie Kahsay
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Alemu Kassaw
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Gidey Gomera
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Abayneh Alamer
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfay Hailu
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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Alfageme-García P, Calderón-García JF, Martínez-Nova A, Hidalgo-Ruiz S, Martínez-Álvarez M, Rico-Martín S. Backpacks Effect on Foot Posture in Schoolchildren with a Neutral Foot Posture: A Three-Year Prospective Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197313. [PMID: 33036376 PMCID: PMC7579156 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: There is a paucity of data on the relationship between backpack use and foot posture in children. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a backpack on foot posture in children with neutral foot posture during three years of follow-up. Methods: A prospective longitudinal observational study was conducted in a sample of 627 children with neutral foot. For each participant included in the study, age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, type of schoolbag (backpack or non-backpack), foot shape, metatarsal formula and type of shoes were recorded. Foot posture was described by the mean of the foot posture index (FPI) and reassessed after three years in a follow-up study. Results: The average age of the children was 8.32 ± 1.32 years. A total of 458 used a backpack when going to school. Over the three-year follow-up period, 50 children who had neutral foot developed supinated foot (n = 18) or pronated foot (n = 32). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the children using a backpack were at a higher risk of developing pronated foot (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 2.05, 95% IC: 1.08–3.89, p = 0.028). Backpack use was not associated with the change from neutral foot to supinated foot. Conclusions: We found a positive association between using a backpack and the risk of developing pronated but not supinated foot. Clinical trials should be conducted to analyze the effect of backpack use on the foot among schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Alfageme-García
- Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (P.A.-G.); (A.M.-N.); (S.H.-R.); (M.M.-Á.); (S.R.-M.)
- Nursing Departament, University Center of Plasencia, University of Extremadura, 10600 Plasencia, Spain
| | - Julián Fernando Calderón-García
- Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (P.A.-G.); (A.M.-N.); (S.H.-R.); (M.M.-Á.); (S.R.-M.)
- Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Alfonso Martínez-Nova
- Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (P.A.-G.); (A.M.-N.); (S.H.-R.); (M.M.-Á.); (S.R.-M.)
- Nursing Departament, University Center of Plasencia, University of Extremadura, 10600 Plasencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Hidalgo-Ruiz
- Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (P.A.-G.); (A.M.-N.); (S.H.-R.); (M.M.-Á.); (S.R.-M.)
- Nursing Departament, University Center of Plasencia, University of Extremadura, 10600 Plasencia, Spain
| | - Mariana Martínez-Álvarez
- Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (P.A.-G.); (A.M.-N.); (S.H.-R.); (M.M.-Á.); (S.R.-M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sergio Rico-Martín
- Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (P.A.-G.); (A.M.-N.); (S.H.-R.); (M.M.-Á.); (S.R.-M.)
- Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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Landorf KB, Ackland CA, Bonanno DR, Menz HB, Forghany S. Effects of metatarsal domes on plantar pressures in older people with a history of forefoot pain. J Foot Ankle Res 2020; 13:18. [PMID: 32375847 PMCID: PMC7201604 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-020-00388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Forefoot pads such as metatarsal domes are commonly used in clinical practice for the treatment of pressure-related forefoot pain, however evidence for their effects is inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the effects on plantar pressures of metatarsal domes in different positions relative to the metatarsal heads. Methods Participants in this study included 36 community-dwelling adults aged 65 or older with a history of forefoot pain. Standardised footwear was used and plantar pressures were measured using the pedar®-X in-shoe plantar pressure measurement system. Peak pressure, maximum force and contact area were analysed using an anatomically-based masking protocol that included three forefoot mask sub-areas (proximal to, beneath, and distal to the metatarsal heads). Data were collected for two different types of prefabricated metatarsal domes of different densities (Emsold metatarsal dome and Langer PPT metatarsal pad) in three different positions relative to the metatarsal heads. Seven conditions were tested in this study: (i) control (no pad) condition, (ii) Emsold metatarsal dome positioned 5 mm proximal to the metatarsal heads, (iii) Emsold metatarsal dome positioned in-line with the metatarsal heads, (iv), Emsold metatarsal dome positioned 5 mm distal to the metatarsal heads, (v) Langer PPT metatarsal pad positioned 5 mm proximal to the metatarsal heads, (vi) Langer PPT metatarsal pad positioned in-line with the metatarsal heads, and (vii) Langer PPT metatarsal pad positioned 5 mm distal to the metatarsal heads. Results When analysed with the mask that was distal to the metatarsal heads, where the plantar pressure readings were at their highest, all metatarsal dome conditions led to significant reductions in plantar pressure at the forefoot compared to the control (no pad) condition (F3.9, 135.6 = 8.125, p < 0.001). The reductions in plantar pressure were in the order of 45–60 kPa. Both the Emsold metatarsal dome and the Langer PPT metatarsal pad, when positioned proximal to the metatarsal heads, managed to achieve this without adversely increasing plantar pressure proximally where the pad was positioned, however the Emsold metatarsal dome was most effective. Conclusions Metatarsal domes reduce plantar pressure in the forefoot in older people with a history of forefoot pain. All metatarsal dome conditions significantly reduced peak pressure in the forefoot, however metatarsal domes that were positioned 5 mm proximal to the metatarsal heads provided the best balance of reducing plantar pressure distal to the metatarsal heads, where the pressure is at its greatest, but not adversely increasing plantar pressure proximally, where the bulk of the pad is positioned. In this proximal position, the Emsold metatarsal dome was more effective than the Langer PPT metatarsal pad and we cautiously recommend this forefoot pad for alleviating forefoot pressure in older people with forefoot pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl B Landorf
- Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia. .,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
| | - Claire A Ackland
- Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Daniel R Bonanno
- Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Hylton B Menz
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Saeed Forghany
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Centre for Health Sciences Research, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, England
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Kaur T, Gandhi TK, Bisht GS, Adhikari I. Prevalence of foot problems and its related associations in Intellectually Disable (Special Olympic) Indian population. Foot (Edinb) 2020; 42:101650. [PMID: 32045720 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of foot problems and its related associations in different regions across India among people with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) stratified by age and gender. METHOD A survey was done among a randomly chosen sample of 1517 Indian inhabitants (8-50 years of age) residing in different regions of the country under the drive named Healthy Athlete (HA) Fit Feet Screening Program of Special Olympics Bharat. Chi-Square test is used to draw an inference of prevalence of different foot conditions among the population from different age groups and from different genders. RESULTS The percentage of Healthy Athletes with the normal foot in Bhiwadi, Warangal, Ajmer, Bhopal, Guwahati, and Jodhpur was 48.14%, 53.92%, 55.82%, 27.31%, 54.47%, and 76.34%. The percentage of athletes with foot problems from these areas was 53.08%, 46.07%, 44.1%, 72.69%, 45.53%, and 26.35%. Moreover, on analyzing the athletes with foot problems on the basis of the age group, it was found that the middle age group athletes from Bhopal had the highest incidence of more frequent foot problems. Furthermore, on comparing the prevalence of foot problem on basis of gender it was found that female athletes have more prevalence than men. CONCLUSION The numerical results indicate the middle age group subjects have statistically significant higher tendencies towards the foot problems in contrast to the lower and the higher age group subjects Also, the prevalence of the foot problems and their related associations in women are higher compared to men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taranjit Kaur
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Tapan Kumar Gandhi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Govind Singh Bisht
- Max Multispecialty Hospital, N110, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi, India; Delhi Fit Feet Clinic, 24-A, Lal Quarters, West Punjabi Bagh, Shiv Mandir Marg, Madipur, Opp. Metro Pillar No. 157, New Delhi 110063, India; 'Fit Feet Program' of Special Olympics International, India.
| | - Ishita Adhikari
- Apeejay School of Management, Sector-8, Institutional Area, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, India.
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An investigation of the sex-related differences in the stiffness of the Achilles tendon and gastrocnemius muscle: Inter-observer reliability and inter-day repeatability and the effect of ankle joint motion. Foot (Edinb) 2019; 41:44-50. [PMID: 31704588 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to investigate sex-related differences in the stiffness of the Achilles tendon and gastrocnemius muscle at rest and tensioned state. Another purpose of the study was to investigate the inter-observer reliability and inter-day repeatability of MyotonPRO, a portable myotonometer, in measuring tendon and muscle stiffness. METHODS The study included 73 healthy participants (19 males for the reliability and repeatability study; 24 males and 30 females for the experimental study) with an age range of 19-27 years. The stiffness of the Achilles tendon and medial gastrocnemius muscle was measured with a portable myotonometer (MyotonPRO). The stiffness measurements of the Achilles tendon and medial gastrocnemius muscle were performed at 0° and 10° of ankle joint dorsiflexion. The stiffness measurements were performed by two physiotherapists to determine the inter-observer reliability of the device. For the inter-day repeatability (or between-day precision), the same individuals were reassessed by the same examiner after a 3-day interval. RESULTS It was found that MyotonPRO has excellent inter-observer reliability and inter-day repeatability in measuring the stiffness of the Achilles tendon and medial gastrocnemius muscle (ICC=0.83-0.98). The stiffness of the Achilles tendon and gastrocnemius muscle at neutral and 10° joint dorsiflexion was higher in males compared to females (p<0.05); however, the stiffness value of difference between neutral and 10° joint dorsiflexion for the Achilles tendon and gastrocnemius muscle was similar in both groups (p>0.05). DISCUSSION The obtained results suggest that MyotonPRO is a reliable and repeatable device in measuring the stiffness of the Achilles tendon and gastrocnemius muscle. Furthermore, males have stiffer Achilles tendon and gastrocnemius muscle, compared to females; however, the change in the stiffness of the assessed tissues caused by joint motion was similar in both sexes.
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16
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Keenan AM, Drake C, Conaghan PG, Tennant A. The prevalence and impact of self-reported foot and ankle pain in the over 55 age group: a secondary data analysis from a large community sample. J Foot Ankle Res 2019; 12:53. [PMID: 31788030 PMCID: PMC6858640 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-019-0363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While the prevalence and impact of musculoskeletal problems are high, most attention has been directed towards the back, knee and hip disorders. Foot pain is known to be common in older adults and accounts for a significant burden on health services. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of foot and ankle joint pain, considering age, presence of co-morbidities and other site joint pain, in a large community sample. Methods In the North Yorkshire Health study, 16,222 people over 55 years participated in a detailed survey of the prevalence and impact of lower limb joint problems. Self-assessment of overall body pain and functional activities of daily living were assessed. Participants indicated the presence of joint pain, stiffness or swelling during the last 3 months which had lasted for more than 6 weeks on a manikin: data were captured on the foot and the ankle. Results The prevalence of self-reported foot and ankle joint pain was substantial: 184.33 per 1000, second only to knee problems. While foot pain was common, it was mostly associated with joint pain at other sites; only 1 in 11 of those with foot and ankle pain reported it only in the foot. Logistic regression modeling revealed while established factors such as co-morbidities, knee and hip problems contributed to functional impairment, foot and ankle problems contributed to an additional increased risk of having difficulty standing and walking by two fold (OR = 2.314, 95%CI 2.061–2.598), going up and down stairs by 71% (OR = 1.711, 95%CI 1.478–1.980) and getting up from a seated position by 44% (OR = 1.438, 95%CI 1.197–1.729). Conclusion These results suggest that not only are foot problems in the over 55 age group extremely prevalent, they have a considerable impact on functional abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Maree Keenan
- 1NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, England
| | - Chris Drake
- 2Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, England
| | - Philip G Conaghan
- 3Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, University of Leeds, Leeds, England
| | - Alan Tennant
- 4Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, England
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Sahli H, Bachali A, Tekaya R, Mahmoud I, Sedki Y, Saidane O, Abdelmoula L. Involvement of foot in patients with spondyloarthritis: Prevalence and clinical features. Foot Ankle Surg 2019; 25:226-230. [PMID: 29409278 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the foot involvement in a group of patients with spondyloarthritis in regard to symptoms, type and frequency of deformities, location and radiological changes. METHODS We conducted a cross sectional study including 60 patients with spondyloarthritis over a period of six months. Anamnesis, clinical examination, podoscopic examination, biological tests and X-rays of feet were done for each patient. RESULTS Foot involvement was found in 31 patients (52%). It was symptomatic in 35% of cases and inaugural in 42% of cases. The most frequent site was the hindfoot (22 patients/31). Radiological findings were: erosion (17%), reconstruction (33%), erosion and reconstruction (50%). Forefoot involvement was found in 18/31 patients. Forefoot deformities were found in 9 patients. Two patients had sausage toe and feet skin abnormalities were observed in 12 patients. At podoscopic examination, 23 patients had abnormal footprints. Foot involvement was more frequent in peripheral spondyloarthritis (p=0.008). Patients with foot involvement had an advanced age of disease onset (p=0.05), a shorter disease duration (p=0.038) and more comorbidities (p=0.039). Foot involvement was correlated with C Reactive protein (p=0.043). CONCLUSION In our study, foot involvement and foot symptoms were seen frequently in spondyloarthritis and it is associated with late onset of the disease and with higher inflammation in blood tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Sahli
- Department of Rheumatology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Asma Bachali
- Department of Clinical Biology, Mohamed Taher Maamouri Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Raoudha Tekaya
- Department of Rheumatology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ines Mahmoud
- Department of Rheumatology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Sedki
- Department of Rheumatology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Saidane
- Department of Rheumatology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Leila Abdelmoula
- Department of Rheumatology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
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Riel H, Jensen MB, Olesen JL, Rathleff MS. Translation and cultural adaptation of a Danish version of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire for individuals with plantar heel pain. Foot (Edinb) 2019; 38:61-64. [PMID: 30641447 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ) is recommended as a valid and reliable patient-reported outcome for individuals with plantar heel pain (PHP). The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the FHSQ into Danish and investigate face and construct validity among patients with PHP. METHODS The translation was made using the dual-panel approach. The first panel of bilingual translators translated the questionnaire and the translation was then presented to a lay panel who reviewed and revised the translated version. This version was presented to patients with PHP (n=6) who were interviewed about the comprehensibility, if they found it easy to fill out, and if they found the questionnaire to be relevant to them. Correlation between mean weekly heel pain and FHSQ scores were used to assess construct validity in another patient sample (n=30). RESULTS The first panel of five translators reached consensus on all 13 items. The layman panel of five participants rephrased two items. Both the layman panel and patients had difficulties with differentiating between items 12 and 13 but concluded that making better phrasings that would work in Danish was not possible. The questionnaire was evaluated as relevant and comprehensible. No revisions were made after the interviews. Pain and function domains correlated with heel pain but not footwear or general foot health. CONCLUSION The FHSQ was translated into a Danish version (FHSQ-DK) which demonstrated both face and construct validity. More psychometric properties of the FHSQ-DK should be established in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Riel
- Center for General Practice at Aalborg University, Fyrkildevej 7, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark.
| | - Martin Bach Jensen
- Center for General Practice at Aalborg University, Fyrkildevej 7, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark.
| | - Jens Lykkegaard Olesen
- Center for General Practice at Aalborg University, Fyrkildevej 7, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark.
| | - Michael Skovdal Rathleff
- Center for General Practice at Aalborg University, Fyrkildevej 7, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark; Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7D, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark; Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to investigate the plantar fascia and heel fat pad stiffness and thickness parameters in females and compare these values with those of males. METHODS This study was carried out in 60 healthy sedentary participants (30 female, 30 male) between the ages of 19 and 50 years. Shear wave velocity (SWV) and thickness of the plantar fascia and heel fat pad were measured with an ultrasonography device. RESULTS Males had a higher plantar fascia ( P = .037) and heel fat pad ( P = .001) thickness compared with females, but SWV of the plantar fascia ( P = .673), heel fat pad microchamber layer ( P = .240), and heel fat pad macrochamber layer ( P = .636) were similar in both groups. Body mass had a strong correlation with the plantar fascia ( r = 0.64, P < .001) and heel fat pad thickness ( r = 0.68, P < .001). Height had a moderate correlation with the plantar fascia ( r = 0.44, P < .001) and heel fat pad thickness ( r = 0.42, P = .001). CONCLUSION Plantar fascia and heel fat pad stiffness were similar in both genders; however, females had a lower plantar fascia and heel fat pad thickness compared with males. Correlation analysis results suggest that higher plantar fascia and heel fat pad thickness in males may be related to higher body mass and height. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE Level III: Retrospective comparative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Taş
- Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Department, Hacettepe University, Beytepe Hospital, Ankara, Turkey (ST)
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20
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Morrison SC, McCarthy D, Mahaffey R. Associations Between Obesity and Pediatric Foot Dimensions. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2018; 108:383-389. [PMID: 34670338 DOI: 10.7547/16-172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of childhood obesity on shape and structure of the pediatric foot remains poorly understood. The purpose of this work was to determine associations between obesity and pediatric foot dimensions. METHODS A retrospective analysis of pediatric foot dimensions (foot length [FL] and foot width [FW]) in 3,713 children aged 3 to 18 years was undertaken. Logistic regression was used to determine relationships between FL, FW, and weight category. RESULTS Compared with obese peers, typical weight (FL, P < .05 [odds ratio (OR)] = .83; FW, P < .05 [OR = .56]) and underweight (FL, P < .05 [OR = .76]; FW, P < .05 [OR = .41]) boys had significantly shorter and narrower feet. Overweight (FL, P = .02 [OR = .88]; FW, P = .02 [OR = .72]), typical weight (FL, P < .05 [OR = .77]; FW, P < .05 [OR = .47]), and underweight (FL, P < .05 [OR = .70]; FW, P < .05 [OR = .33]) girls had significantly shorter and narrower feet. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that obesity is an important determinant of pediatric foot dimensions. Given the current prevalence of obesity in children and young people, these findings may have population-wide implications for pediatric foot health.
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Tojo M, Yamaguchi S, Amano N, Ito A, Futono M, Sato Y, Naka T, Kimura S, Sadamasu A, Akagi R, Ohtori S. Prevalence and associated factors of foot and ankle pain among nurses at a university hospital in Japan: A cross-sectional study. J Occup Health 2018; 60:132-139. [PMID: 29151449 PMCID: PMC5886880 DOI: 10.1539/joh.17-0174-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purposes of this study were to clarify 1) the prevalence of foot and ankle pain and 2) the factors associated with foot and ankle pain among nurses. METHODS Nurses working at a university hospital in Japan were recruited to participate in this cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study. The occurrence of foot and ankle pain in the previous month was assessed by using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire and the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index. Subjects also answered questions on footwear-related factors, including using the visual analog scale for shoe comfort. In addition, information on personal factors and psychosocial factors was collected using the Job Content Questionnaire. The relationships between the presence of foot and ankle pain and the associated factors were examined using multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Responses of 636 nurses (response rate, 67%) were included for analysis. The prevalence of foot and ankle pain was 23% and 51% when using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire and the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index, respectively. The prevalence of pain that prevented the nurses from performing activities of daily living and work was 4% and 17%, respectively. A low level of shoe comfort, personal factors (age and body mass index), and psychosocial factors (low job control and high job strain) was independently associated with the presence of foot and ankle pain. CONCLUSIONS Foot and ankle pain occurred frequently in nurses. Shoe comfort, personal factors, and psychosocial factors were associated with foot and ankle pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Tojo
- Nursing Department, Chiba University Hospital
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Collage of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chiba University
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Naoko Amano
- Nursing Department, Chiba University Hospital
| | - Akemi Ito
- Nursing Department, Chiba University Hospital
| | | | | | - Takako Naka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences
| | - Seiji Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Aya Sadamasu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Ryuichiro Akagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
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Chow TH, Chen YS, Wang JC. Characteristics of Plantar Pressures and Related Pain Profiles in Elite Sprinters and Recreational Runners. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2018; 108:33-44. [PMID: 29547032 DOI: 10.7547/15-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plantar pressure measurement is effective for assessing plantar loading and can be applied to evaluating foot performance. We sought to explore the characteristics of plantar pressures in elite sprinters and recreational runners during static standing and walking. METHODS Arch index (AI) values, regional plantar pressure distributions (PPDs), and footprint characteristics were examined in 80 elite sprinters and 90 recreational runners using an optical plantar pressure measurement system. Elite sprinters' pain profiles were examined to evaluate their most common pain areas. RESULTS In recreational runners, AI values in males were in the normal range and in females were high arch type. The AI values were significantly lower in elite sprinters than in recreational runners. In elite sprinters, particularly males, the static PPD of both feet was higher at the medial metatarsal bone and the lateral heel and lower at the medial and lateral longitudinal arches. Elite male sprinters' PPD of both feet was mainly transferred to the medial metatarsal bone and decreased at the lateral longitudinal arch and the medial heel during the midstance phase of walking. The lateral knee joint and biceps femoris were the most common sites of musculoskeletal pain in elite sprinters. CONCLUSIONS Elite sprinters' AI values could be classified as high arches, and their PPD tended to parallel the features of runners and high-arched runners. These findings correspond to the profile of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS)-related plantar pressure. The pain profiles seemed to resonate with the symptoms of high-arched runners and PFPS. A possible link between high-arched runners and PFPS warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Hsien Chow
- Department of Leisure Sport and Health Management, St. John's University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shyuan Chen
- Department of Digital Literature and Arts, St. John's University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Chang Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering/Institute of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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Stolt M, Miikkola M, Suhonen R, Leino-Kilpi H. Nurses' Perceptions of Their Foot Health: Implications for Occupational Health Care. Workplace Health Saf 2017; 66:136-143. [PMID: 28856977 DOI: 10.1177/2165079917727011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nursing practice includes static standing and much walking causing strains to lower extremities. However, little is known about nurses' foot health and particularly their perceptions of their foot health. Therefore, in this study operating room nurses' perceptions of their foot health was investigated and promoting and hindering factors were identified. In total, 14 operating room nurses participated in in-depth interviews. The informants regarded foot health as part of general health and moreover a significant part of work well-being. Promoting factors for foot health were activity in sports and foot self-care as well as varying work conditions and seeing patients with severe foot conditions which served as a motivating factor to care for their own feet. On the contrary, hindering factors were unsuitable footwear, constant standing, and lack of motivation to care for their own feet. Based on this study, nurses' value their foot health which should be promoted. Nurses could benefit from annual foot health assessments and foot self-care education provided by occupational health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Riitta Suhonen
- 1 University of Turku.,2 Turku University Hospital.,3 City of Turku Welfare Division
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Uden H, Scharfbillig R, Causby R. The typically developing paediatric foot: how flat should it be? A systematic review. J Foot Ankle Res 2017; 10:37. [PMID: 28814975 PMCID: PMC5558233 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-017-0218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND All typically developing children are born with flexible flat feet, progressively developing a medial longitudinal arch during the first decade of their lives. Whilst the child's foot is expected to be flat, there is currently no consensus as to how flat this foot should be. Furthermore, whilst feet are observed to decrease in flatness with increasing age, it is not known how flat they should be at each age increment. The objective of this systematic review is to define the postural characteristics of the 'typically' developing paediatric foot. METHODS The PRISMA protocol was applied to compare all data currently published describing the typical development of the paediatric foot. The Epidemiological Appraisal Instrument (EAI) was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. RESULTS Thirty four epidemiological papers pertaining to the development of the paediatric foot were graphically compared. Sixteen different foot posture assessments were identified of which footprint based measures were the most reported outcome. CONCLUSION Firstly, the use of the term normal in relation to foot posture is misleading in the categorisation of the paediatric foot, as indeed a flat foot posture is a normal finding at specific ages. Secondly, the foot posture of the developing child is indeed age dependent and has been shown to change over time. Thirdly, no firm conclusion could be reached as to which age the foot posture of children ceases to develop further, as no two foot measures are comparable, therefore future research needs to consider the development of consensus recommendations as to the measurement of the paediatric foot, using valid and reliable assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Uden
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001 Australia
| | - Rolf Scharfbillig
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001 Australia
| | - Ryan Causby
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001 Australia
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25
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Stolt M, Suhonen R, Kielo E, Katajisto J, Leino-Kilpi H. Foot health of nurses-A cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Pract 2017. [PMID: 28631438 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyze the level of nurses' foot health and its associations with work well-being. METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was applied to a random sample of Finnish nurses (n = 411). The data were collected between May 18 and June 21, 2015 using a self-administered Foot Health Assessment Instrument and analyzed using descriptive statistics and parametric tests. RESULTS Nurses had a variety of foot problems. Dry skin, foot pain, and corns or calluses were the most prevalent foot problems. Long-term diseases, the need for a physician's appointment due to foot problems, and decreased working ability were all associated with foot health. This finding was also supported by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Foot problems are common among nurses and are associated with individual and work-related factors. Prevention of foot problems in nurses should be prioritized to promote their working ability and predisposing factors identified as potential intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Stolt
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Suhonen
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku and University Hospital of Turku/ City of Turku, Welfare Division, Turku, Finland
| | - Emilia Kielo
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Jouko Katajisto
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Helena Leino-Kilpi
- University of Turku, Department of Nursing Science/Turku, University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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26
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In TS, Jung JH, Kim K, Jung KS, Cho HY. The reliability and validity of the Korean version of the foot function index for patients with foot complaints. J Phys Ther Sci 2017; 29:53-56. [PMID: 28210038 PMCID: PMC5300804 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.29.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to establish the reliability and validity of the
Foot Function Index translated into Korean for use in patients with plantar fasciitis and
foot/ankle fracture. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty-six subjects with foot complaints, 14
males and 22 females, participated in the study. Reliability was determined by using the
intra-class correlation coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency.
Validity was examined by correlating Foot Function Index scores with the Short Form-36 and
the Visual Analog Scale scores. [Results] Test-retest reliability was 0.90 for the pain
subscale, and 0.94 and 0.91 for the disability and activity limitation subscales,
respectively. The criterion-related validity was established by comparison with the Korean
version of the Short Form-36 and Visual Analog Scale. [Conclusion] The Korean version of
the Foot Function Index was shown to be a reliable and valid instrument for assessing foot
complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Sung In
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gimcheon University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hwa Jung
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Semyung University, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunjo Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gimcheon University, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sim Jung
- Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine: 88 Olympic-ro, 43 gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi-Young Cho
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Gachon University: 191 Hambangmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
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Price C, Nester C. Foot dimensions and morphology in healthy weight, overweight and obese males. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2016; 37:125-130. [PMID: 27439025 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are increasing in prevalence. However, despite reports of poor foot health, the influence of obesity and overweight on adult foot morphology has received limited attention. The objective of this work is to accurately and appropriately quantify the foot morphology of adults who are overweight and obese. METHODS The foot morphology of 23 healthy weight (BMI=22.9kg.m(-2)), overweight (27.5kg.m(-2)) and obese (32.9kg.m(-2)) age (60years) matched males was quantified using a 3D scanner (all size UK 9). Data analysis computed normalised (to foot length) standard anatomical measures, and widths, heights and circumferences of 31 evenly spaced cross-sections of right feet. FINDINGS Anatomical measures of foot, ball and heel width, ball and heel circumference and ball height were all greater in the obese group than the healthy weight (P<0.05). Cross-sectional measures were significantly wider than the healthy group for the majority of measures from 14 to 67% (P=0.025-1.000) of heel-to-toe length. Also, the obese group had significantly higher midfoot regions (P=0.024-0.025). This increased foot height was not evident from anatomical measures, which were not sensitive enough to detect dimensional differences in this foot region. INTERPRETATION Feet of obese adults differ from healthy and overweight individuals, notably they are wider. Data needs to avoid reliance upon discrete anatomical landmarks to describe foot morphology. In the obese, changes in foot shape do not coincide with traditional anatomical landmarks and more comprehensive foot shape data are required to inform footwear design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Price
- Centre for Health Science Research, University of Salford, Salford, England, United Kingdom.
| | - Christopher Nester
- Centre for Health Science Research, University of Salford, Salford, England, United Kingdom
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28
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Mei Z, Ivanov K, Zhao G, Li H, Wang L. An explorative investigation of functional differences in plantar center of pressure of four foot types using sample entropy method. Med Biol Eng Comput 2016; 55:537-548. [PMID: 27311606 PMCID: PMC5355506 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-016-1532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In the study of biomechanics of different foot types, temporal or spatial parameters derived from plantar pressure are often used. However, there is no comparative study of complexity and regularity of the center of pressure (CoP) during the stance phase among pes valgus, pes cavus, hallux valgus and normal foot. We aim to analyze whether CoP sample entropy characteristics differ among these four foot types. In our experiment participated 40 subjects with normal feet, 40 with pes cavus, 19 with pes valgus and 36 with hallux valgus. A Footscan® system was used to collect CoP data. We used sample entropy to quantify several parameters of the investigated four foot types. These are the displacement in medial–lateral (M/L) and anterior–posterior (A/P) directions, as well as the vertical ground reaction force of CoP during the stance phase. To fully examine the potential of the sample entropy method for quantification of CoP components, we provide results for two cases: calculating the sample entropy of normalized CoP components, as well as calculating it using the raw data of CoP components. We also explored what are the optimal values of parameters m (the matching length) and r (the tolerance range) when calculating the sample entropy of CoP data obtained during the stance phases. According to statistical results, some factors significantly influenced the sample entropy of CoP components. The sample entropies of non-normalized A/P values for the left foot, as well as for the right foot, were different between the normal foot and pes valgus, and between the normal foot and hallux valgus. The sample entropy of normalized M/L displacement of the right foot was different between the normal foot and pes cavus. The measured variable for A/P and M/L displacements could serve for the study of foot function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyong Mei
- College of Information Science and Technology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kamen Ivanov
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Low-cost Healthcare, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.,Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoru Zhao
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Low-cost Healthcare, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Li
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Low-cost Healthcare, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Low-cost Healthcare, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Banwell HA, Thewlis D, Mackintosh S. Adults with flexible pes planus and the approach to the prescription of customised foot orthoses in clinical practice: A clinical records audit. Foot (Edinb) 2015; 25:101-9. [PMID: 26001993 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A clinical records audit of the University of South Australia's podiatry clinic clients attending in 2010 was undertaken to determine prevalence of symptomatic flexible pes planus, presenting reasons and treatment options most frequently used. Analysis of rearfoot measures (resting calcaneal stance position, subtalar joint range of motion) between those prescribed a vertical (heel) or inverted (heel) cast pour and a medial heel (Kirby) skive was undertaken. Of 223 clinical records audited, 50% (111/223) of clients were assessed with flexible pes planus, 77% (86/111) of clients with pes planus presented with back or lower limb pain and 58% (64/111) were prescribed customised foot orthoses. Of 42 prescriptions for customised foot orthoses audited; 64% (27/42) were prescribed a vertical (heel) cast pour, 36% (15/42) an inverted (heel) cast pour and 19% (8/42) received a medial heel (Kirby) skive. Those prescribed a medial heel (Kirby) skive had a more everted resting calcaneal stance position than those that were not (mean -8.6±2.8° vs. -5.5±3.4°, p=0.02). Those prescribed an inverted (heel) cast pour had a greater range of subtalar joint motion than those prescribed a vertical (heel) cast pour (median 36.0±10.0° vs. 29.0±5.0°, p=0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen A Banwell
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
| | - Dominic Thewlis
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia; Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Shylie Mackintosh
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia; Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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30
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Courtenay K, Murray A. Foot Health and Mobility in People With Intellectual Disabilities. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Courtenay
- Department of Intellectual Disabilities; Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust; London UK
| | - Anita Murray
- Greenwich Community Services; Oxleas Foundation Trust; London UK
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31
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Gay A, Culliford D, Leyland K, Arden NK, Bowen CJ. Associations between body mass index and foot joint pain in middle-aged and older women: a longitudinal population-based cohort study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2015; 66:1873-9. [PMID: 25047683 PMCID: PMC4282113 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and foot joint pain (FJP) over a 5-year period in a community-based cohort. Methods We examined a subset of women from the Chingford Women's Study, a community cohort followed up for 20 years. From a baseline of 1,003 female participants, we reviewed data from 639 women (64%) for whom complete data sets for FJP and BMI were obtained over a 5-year period between year 10 (Y10) and year 15 (Y15). Descriptive statistics, binary regression modeling, and odds ratios (ORs) were used to examine the longitudinal relationship between BMI and FJP. Results For Y10 and Y15, the median age was 61 years (interquartile range [IQR] 57–67) and 66 years (IQR 62–72), respectively, and the mean ± SD BMI was 26.7 ± 4.6 kg/m2 and 27.2 ± 4.8 kg/m2, respectively. FJP prevalence was 21.6% at Y10 and 26.6% at Y15. Longitudinal analyses showed that both BMI and FJP increased significantly from Y10 to Y15 (P < 0.001). The odds of having FJP after a 5-year period increased by 4.9% for each BMI unit increase 5 years earlier (OR 1.049 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.011–1.089], P = 0.012). This remained significant when adjusted for age, diabetes mellitus, and rheumatoid arthritis (OR 1.051 [95% CI 1.011–1.091], P = 0.012). Conclusion This is the first large longitudinal cohort study demonstrating that, in middle-aged women, a high BMI precedes and is predictive of FJP independent of age. Evidence from our findings can be used to identify those individuals at risk of developing FJP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Gay
- University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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32
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McLean RR, Dufour AB, Katz PP, Hillstrom HJ, Hagedorn TJ, Hannan MT. The associations of leg lean mass with foot pain, posture and function in the Framingham foot study. J Foot Ankle Res 2014; 7:46. [PMID: 25400698 PMCID: PMC4232671 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-014-0046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Foot disorders are common in older adults and associated with impaired lower extremity function. Reduced muscle mass may play a role in the etiology of foot disorders and consequent poor function. Methods We examined the association of leg lean mass with foot pain, posture and function among 1,795 individuals (mean age 67 years) from the population-based Framingham Foot Study (2002–2008). Pain was assessed via questionnaire, and a pressure mat classified foot posture (arch: high, low, referent) during standing and function (pronation, supination, referent) during gait. Leg lean mass was measured by whole body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results In age- and body mass index-adjusted logistic (pain) and multinomial logistic (posture, function) regression models, a 1-standard deviation increase in leg lean mass was associated with lower odds of foot pain (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.86) and pronation (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.85), and higher odds of supination (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.31). Adjustment for sex attenuated these associations. Higher leg lean mass was associated with lower odds of high arch, even after adjustment for sex (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.89). Conclusions Though not related to foot pain or function, reduced leg lean mass was associated with extreme foot posture in older adults. Loss of muscle mass with aging may thus play a role in the etiology of functional impairment due to foot disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R McLean
- Hebrew Senior Life Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA USA ; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Alyssa B Dufour
- Hebrew Senior Life Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA USA ; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Patricia P Katz
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | | | - Marian T Hannan
- Hebrew Senior Life Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA USA ; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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Jorgensen JE, Andreasen J, Rathleff MS. Translation and validation of the Danish Foot Function Index (FFI-DK). Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:e408-13. [PMID: 25367744 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to translate the Foot Function Index (FFI) for use in Danish-speaking patients with foot complaints. The FFI consists of 23 items scored on a numeric rating scale from 0 to 10. The 23 items are grouped into three subscales: pain (nine items), activity limitation (five items), and disability (nine items). The Danish FFI was developed according to the recommended forward/backward translation protocol. The data analysis included reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 2.1] and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). Excellent internal consistency was shown for the three subscales: pain (0.99), disability (0.98), and activity limitation (0.98), as for the total score (0.97). The test-retest reliability was excellent: pain subscale: ICC 0.98 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97-0.99]; activity limitation subscale: ICC: 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91-0.98); disability subscale: ICC 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.98); total score: ICC: 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91 to 0.98). The mean difference between test and retest was below 1 point and P > 0.08. Bland-Altman plots showed no significant or clinically relevant differences from test to retest in any of the subscales or in the total score. The Danish version of the FFI was found to be valid and reliable and therefore acceptable for use in the Danish population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Andreasen
- Department of Occupational and Physiotherapy, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - M S Rathleff
- Department of Occupational and Physiotherapy, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Riskowski JL, Dufour AB, Hagedorn TJ, Hillstrom HJ, Casey VA, Hannan MT. Associations of foot posture and function to lower extremity pain: results from a population-based foot study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2014; 65:1804-12. [PMID: 24591410 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have implicated foot posture and foot function as risk factors for lower extremity pain. Empirical population-based evidence for this assertion is lacking; therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate cross-sectional associations of foot posture and foot function to lower extremity joint pain in a population-based study of adults. METHODS Participants were members of the Framingham Foot Study. Lower extremity joint pain was determined by the response to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-type question, "On most days do you have pain, aching or stiffness in your (hips, knees, ankles, or feet)?" The Modified Arch Index classified participants as having planus, rectus (referent), or cavus foot posture. The Center of Pressure Excursion Index classified participants as having overpronated, normal (referent), or oversupinated foot function. Crude and adjusted (age, sex, and body mass index) logistic regression determined associations of foot posture and function to lower extremity pain. RESULTS Participants with planus structure had higher odds of knee (odds ratio [OR] 1.57, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.24-1.99) or ankle (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.05-2.06) pain, whereas those with a cavus foot structure had increased odds of ankle pain only (OR 7.56, 95% CI 1.99-28.8) and pain at 1 lower extremity site (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.04-1.80). Associations between foot function and lower extremity joint pain were not statistically significant except for a reduced risk of hip pain in those with an oversupinated foot function (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.51-0.93). CONCLUSION These findings offer a link between foot posture and lower extremity pain, highlighting the need for longitudinal or intervention studies.
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35
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Williams DSB, Tierney RN, Butler RJ. Increased medial longitudinal arch mobility, lower extremity kinematics, and ground reaction forces in high-arched runners. J Athl Train 2014; 49:290-6. [PMID: 24840580 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Runners with high medial longitudinal arch structure demonstrate unique kinematics and kinetics that may lead to running injuries. The mobility of the midfoot as measured by the change in arch height is also suspected to play a role in lower extremity function during running. The effect of arch mobility in high-arched runners is an important factor in prescribing footwear, training, and rehabilitating the running athlete after injury. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of medial longitudinal arch mobility on running kinematics, ground reaction forces, and loading rates in high-arched runners. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Human movement research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 104 runners were screened for arch height. Runners were then identified as having high arches if the arch height index was greater than 0.5 SD above the mean. Of the runners with high arches, 11 rigid runners with the lowest arch mobility (R) were compared with 8 mobile runners with the highest arch mobility (M). Arch mobility was determined by calculating the left arch height index in all runners. INTERVENTION(S) Three-dimensional motion analysis of running over ground. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Rearfoot and tibial angular excursions, eversion-to-tibial internal-rotation ratio, vertical ground reaction forces, and the associated loading rates. RESULTS Runners with mobile arches exhibited decreased tibial internal-rotation excursion (mobile: 5.6° ± 2.3° versus rigid: 8.0° ± 3.0°), greater eversion-to-tibial internal-rotation ratio (mobile: 2.1 ± 0.8 versus rigid: 1.5 ± 0.5), decreased second peak vertical ground reaction force values (mobile: 2.3 ± 0.2 × body weight versus rigid: 2.4 ± 0.1 × body weight), and decreased vertical loading rate values (mobile: 55.7 ± 14.1 × body weight/s versus rigid: 65.9 ± 11.4 × body weight/s). CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this study, it appears that runners with high arch structure but differing arch mobility exhibited differences in select lower extremity movement patterns and forces. Future authors should investigate the impact of arch mobility on running-related injuries.
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36
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Abstract
Most foot and ankle disorders can be diagnosed after a proper history and clinical examination and can be effectively managed in a primary care setting. It is important to assess the entirety of patient disorders that present as they can be multifactorial in cause. A broad differential should include disorders of bones, joints, muscles, neurovasculature, and surrounding soft tissue structures. Physical examination should be thorough and focused on inspection, palpation, range of motion, and appropriate special tests when applicable. This article highlights some of the salient features of the foot and ankle examination and diagnostic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean N Papaliodis
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany Medical College, MC184, 1367 Washington Avenue, Suite 202, Albany, NY 12206, USA.
| | - Maria A Vanushkina
- Albany Medical College, MC184, 1367 Washington Avenue, Suite 202, Albany, NY 12206, USA
| | - Nicholas G Richardson
- Albany Medical College, MC184, 1367 Washington Avenue, Suite 202, Albany, NY 12206, USA
| | - John A DiPreta
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany Medical College, MC184, 1367 Washington Avenue, Suite 202, Albany, NY 12206, USA
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Fernández-Seguín LM, Diaz Mancha JA, Sánchez Rodríguez R, Escamilla Martínez E, Gómez Martín B, Ramos Ortega J. Comparison of plantar pressures and contact area between normal and cavus foot. Gait Posture 2014; 39:789-92. [PMID: 24220205 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In pes cavus, the medial longitudinal arch elevation reduces the contact surface area and consequently increases the corresponding plantar pressure measurements. This poor distribution of loads may produce associated pathology and pain in this or other areas of the body. Normal reference values need to be established in order to determine which patterns are prone to pathology. OBJECTIVES To compare the plantar pressures and weight-bearing surface in a population with pes cavus to a population with neutral feet. METHOD The sample comprised 68 adults, 34 with pes cavus and 34 with neutral feet. The Footscan USB Gait Clinical System(®) was used as a platform to measure the total contact area and plantar pressure under the forefoot, midfoot, hindfoot, each metatarsal head, and the overall metatarsal area. A statistical analysis of the data was performed using Student's t-test for independent samples. RESULTS The pes cavus subjects showed a significant reduction in their weight-bearing area [neutral feet: 165.04 ( ± 20.68) cm(2); pes cavus: 118.26 ( ± 30.31) cm(2); p < 0.001] and significantly increased pressures under all zones of the forefoot except the fifth metatarsal [metatarsal pressure: in neutral feet 503,797 ( ± 9.32) kPa; in pes cavus 656.12 ( ± 22.39) kPa; p < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS Compared to neutral feet, pes cavus feet show a reduction in total contact surface and the load under the first toe. A significant increase is present in the load under the metatarsal areas, but the relative distribution of this load is similar in both groups.
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Menz HB, Dufour AB, Riskowski JL, Hillstrom HJ, Hannan MT. Association of planus foot posture and pronated foot function with foot pain: the Framingham foot study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2014; 65:1991-9. [PMID: 23861176 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of foot posture and foot function to foot pain. METHODS Data were collected on 3,378 members of the Framingham Study cohort who completed foot examinations in 2002-2008. Foot pain (generalized and at 6 locations) was based on the response to the following question: "On most days, do you have pain, aching or stiffness in either foot?" Foot posture was categorized as normal, planus, or cavus using static pressure measurements of the arch index. Foot function was categorized as normal, pronated, or supinated using the center of pressure excursion index from dynamic pressure measurements. Sex-specific multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of foot posture and function on generalized and location-specific foot pain, adjusting for age and weight. RESULTS Planus foot posture was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of arch pain in men (odds ratio [OR] 1.38, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.01-1.90), while cavus foot posture was protective against ball of foot pain (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.55-1.00) and arch pain (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.48-0.85) in women. Pronated foot function was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of generalized foot pain (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.04-1.56) and heel pain (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.04-2.27) in men, while supinated foot function was protective against hindfoot pain in women (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.55-1.00). CONCLUSION Planus foot posture and pronated foot function are associated with foot symptoms. Interventions that modify abnormal foot posture and function may therefore have a role in the prevention and treatment of foot pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hylton B Menz
- La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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39
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Bristow IR, Borthwick AM. Dermatology within the UK podiatric literature: a content analysis (1989-2010). J Foot Ankle Res 2013; 6:21. [PMID: 23705878 PMCID: PMC3733912 DOI: 10.1186/1757-1146-6-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although dermatology, as a medical subject, has been a facet of the training and education of podiatrists for many years, it is, arguably, only in recent years that the speciality of podiatric dermatology has emerged within the profession. Some indication of this gradual development may be identified through a content analysis of the podiatric literature in the UK, spanning a 21 year timeframe. METHOD 6 key professional journals were selected for content analysis in order to provide a picture of the emergence and development of podiatric dermatology over a period extending from 1989 to 2010. Both syntactical and thematic unitization were deployed in the analysis, revealing both manifest and latent content. Categories were devised using a prior coding, a codebook produced to define relevant concepts and category characteristics, and the coding scheme subject to an assessment of reliability. RESULTS 1611 units appeared in the 6 journals across a 21 year timeframe. 88% (n = 1417) occurred in one journal (Podiatry Now and its predecessors). Modal categories within all journals included course adverts (n = 673), commercial adverts (n = 562) and articles by podiatrists (n = 133). There was an overall rise from 40 per annum in 1989, to over 100 in 2010. A wider range of dermatological topics were addressed, ranging from fungal nail infections to melanoma. CONCLUSIONS It is evident from this analysis that there has been an increasing focus on dermatology as a topic within the main podiatric journals in the UK over the last 21 years, primarily reflecting a rise in commercial advertising and an increase in academic dermatology related publications. Whilst earlier publications tended to focus on warts and fungal infections, more recent publications address a broader spectrum of topics. Changes in prescribing rights may be relevant to these findings, as may the enhanced professional and regulatory body requirements on continuing professional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan R Bristow
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Alan M Borthwick
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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Development of a danish language version of the manchester foot pain and disability index: reproducibility and construct validity testing. PAIN RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2013; 2013:284903. [PMID: 23533748 PMCID: PMC3606795 DOI: 10.1155/2013/284903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. The Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (MFPDI) is a 19-item questionnaire for the assessment of disability caused by foot pain. The aim was to develop a Danish language version of the MFPDI (MFPDI-DK) and evaluate its reproducibility and construct validity. Methods. A Danish version was created, following a forward-backward translation procedure. A sample of 84 adult patients with foot pain was recruited. Participants completed two copies of the MFPDI-DK within a 24- to 48-hour interval, along with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36), and a pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Reproducibility was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and 95% limits of agreement (Bland-Altman plot). Construct validity was evaluated with Pearson's Rho, using a priori hypothesized correlations with SF-36 subscales and VASmean. Results. The MFPDI-DK showed very good reliability with an ICC of 0.92 (0.88-0.95). The 95% limits of agreement ranged from -6.03 to 6.03 points. Construct validity was supported by moderate to very strong correlations with the SF-36 physical subscales and VASmean. Conclusion. The MFPDI-DK appears to be a valid and reproducible instrument in evaluating foot-pain-related disability in Danish adult patients in cross-sectional samples. Further research is needed to test the responsiveness of the MFPDI-DK.
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Andreasen J, Mølgaard CM, Christensen M, Kaalund S, Lundbye-Christensen S, Simonsen O, Voigt M. Exercise therapy and custom-made insoles are effective in patients with excessive pronation and chronic foot pain--a randomized controlled trial. Foot (Edinb) 2013; 23:22-8. [PMID: 23434214 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive foot pronation is a causal mechanisms described in relation to injuries of the lower extremities. Evidence to support an effective treatment is insufficient. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of exercise and custom-made insoles to patients with excessive pronation and chronic pain conditions in the foot at short and long term follow-up. METHODS Single blinded Randomized Controlled Trial with 80 subjects randomized: (1) Standard Intervention, (2) Insole, (3) Exercise, and (4) Insole+Exercise. Exercise - 12 week supervised program. Insoles - individually molded and posted. Pain was measured during walking, resting and running. Static and dynamic foot postures were measured as calcaneal angle, navicular drift, drop and height. RESULTS The average duration of foot pain was 7.3 years. There was a significant pain reduction during walking within all groups at 4 and 12 months follow-up. No differences were seen between groups in any of the pain parameters. Weak correlations between changes in pain and foot postures were observed at baseline and one-year follow-up. CONCLUSION A significant pain reduction was seen in all groups, none of the treatment modalities seem to be superior with the number of patients included. Compliance in the standard intervention group was a concern at 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Andreasen
- Department of Occupational and Physiotherapy Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Chellan G, Srikumar S, Varma AK, Mangalanandan TS, Sundaram KR, Jayakumar RV, Bal A, Kumar H. Foot care practice - the key to prevent diabetic foot ulcers in India. Foot (Edinb) 2012; 22:298-302. [PMID: 22999359 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The magnitude of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and the amputation rates due to DFUs remain high even in developing and developed countries. Yet, the influence of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of diabetic foot care (DFC) on DFU incidence is not studied much. OBJECTIVE To study causal relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) on DFC between diabetic patients with and without DFUs; and the risk factors associated with DFUs. METHODS A consecutive of 203 diabetic patients (103 with DFU and 100 without DFU) were included in the study. Their demographic details, medical history, and personal habits were recorded. KAP on DFC was assessed using a questionnaire. Responses were recorded, scored, and analyzed. RESULTS Of the cohort, 67.5% were males, mean age: 59.9 ± 11.4 years. Patients without DFU had good knowledge on DFC compared to those with DFU (86% versus 69.9%) (p<0.001). Incidence of DFU was 9% and 39.8% (p<0.001) among patients who practiced and not practiced DFC respectively. 88% patients with and without DFUs; showed favorable attitude toward adopting DFC. Risk factors - diabetic peripheral neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy, smoking, tobacco chewing and alcohol consumption were significantly (p<0.001) associated with DFUs. CONCLUSIONS An inverse relationship between DFU and foot care knowledge as well as practice was observed. Apart from tight glycemic control, diabetic patients must be educated and motivated on proper foot care practice and life style modifications for preventing DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Chellan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Podiatric Surgery, School of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Kerala, India.
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Fejer R, Ruhe A. What is the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems in the elderly population in developed countries? A systematic critical literature review. Chiropr Man Therap 2012; 20:31. [PMID: 23006836 PMCID: PMC3507809 DOI: 10.1186/2045-709x-20-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND The proportion of older people will be tripled by the year 2050. In addition, the incidence of chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions will also increase among the elderly people. Thus, in order to prepare for future health care demands, the magnitude and impact of MSK conditions from this growing population is needed. The objective of this literature review is to determine the current prevalence of MSK disorders in the elderly population. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in Pubmed on articles in English, published between January 2000 and July 2011. Studies from developed countries with prevalence estimates on elderly people (60+) on the following MSK conditions were included: Non-specific extremity pain, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and back pain. The included articles were extracted for information and assessed for risk of bias. RESULTS A total of 85 articles were included with 173 different prevalence estimates. Musculoskeletal disorders are common in the elderly population, but due to heterogeneity of the studies, no general estimate on the prevalence of MSK can be determined. Women report more often MSK pain than men. Overall, prevalence estimates either remain fairly constant or increase slightly with increasing age, but with a tendency to decrease in the oldest (80+) people. CONCLUSIONS Musculoskeletal disorders remain prevalent in the elderly population. Given the increasing proportion of elderly population in the world population and the burden of MSK diseases among the elderly people, efforts must be made to maintain their functional capacity for as long as possible through optimal primary and secondary health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Fejer
- The Research Department, the Spine Centre of Southern Denmark, Hospital Lillebaelt, Middelfart, Denmark
| | - Alexander Ruhe
- Private practice, Praxis fuer Chiropraktik Wolfsburg, Wolfsburg, Germany
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Butterworth PA, Landorf KB, Smith SE, Menz HB. The association between body mass index and musculoskeletal foot disorders: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2012; 13:630-42. [PMID: 22498495 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2012.00996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim of this systematic review was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and foot disorders. The secondary aim was to investigate whether weight loss is effective for reducing foot pain. Five electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid AMED, CINAHL and The Cochrane Library) and reference lists from relevant papers were searched in April 2011. Twenty-five papers that reported on the association between BMI and musculoskeletal foot disorders met our inclusion criteria and were reviewed. The evidence indicates: (i) a strong association between increased BMI and non-specific foot pain; and (ii) a strong association between increased BMI and chronic plantar heel pain in a non-athletic population. The evidence is inconclusive regarding the relationship between BMI and the following specific disorders of the foot; hallux valgus, tendonitis, osteoarthritis and flat foot. With respect to our second aim, there were only two prospective cohort studies that reported a reduction in foot symptoms following weight loss surgery. In summary, increased BMI is strongly associated with non-specific foot pain in the general population and chronic plantar heel pain in a non-athletic population. However, there is currently limited evidence to support weight loss to reduce foot pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Butterworth
- Department of Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
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Thomas MJ, Roddy E, Zhang W, Menz HB, Hannan MT, Peat GM. The population prevalence of foot and ankle pain in middle and old age: a systematic review. Pain 2011; 152:2870-2880. [PMID: 22019150 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based epidemiological studies was undertaken to determine the prevalence of foot and ankle pain in middle and old age. Searches were conducted in the following electronic databases from inception to October 2010: PubMed, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane, PEDro, and SportDiscus. Full-text English language articles were included if they used population sample frames, cross-sectional design or analysis, and reported prevalence estimates for foot and/or ankle pain in adults aged 45 years and over. Thirty-four articles from 31 studies involving 75,505 participants provided 529 prevalence estimates based on different case definitions and population strata. Random-effects meta-analyses of studies with comparable case definitions provided pooled prevalence estimates, for frequent foot pain of 24% (95% confidence interval 22-25%; n=3; I(2)=46%) and for frequent ankle pain of 15% (95% confidence interval 13-16%; n=2; I(2)=0). Small sample sizes and low response rates in some studies, together with heterogeneous case definitions, limit confident conclusions on the distribution, subtypes, and impact of foot/ankle pain. Narrative synthesis of evidence from existing studies suggested preponderance in females, an age-related increase in prevalence in women but not men, that the toes/forefoot were the most common anatomical sites of pain, and that moderate disability in an aspect of daily life was reported by two-thirds of cases. This review provides estimates of the community burden of foot and ankle pain in middle and old age. By outlining the scale of this clinical problem, these findings can be used to inform health care planning and provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Thomas
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Primary Care Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK Musculoskeletal Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew Senior Life/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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