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ALSaeedy M, Hasan A, Al-Adhreai A, Alrabie A, Qaba H, Mashrah A, Öncü-Kaya EM. An overview of liquid chromatographic methods for analyzing new generation anti-epileptic drugs. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2022.2134146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed ALSaeedy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Dhamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education-Albaydha, Albaydha University, Albaydha, Yemen
| | - Ahmed Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduation School of Health Science, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Arwa Al-Adhreai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Dhamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
- Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad of Arts, Science and Commerce, Aurangabad, India
| | - Ali Alrabie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education-Albaydha, Albaydha University, Albaydha, Yemen
- Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad of Arts, Science and Commerce, Aurangabad, India
| | - Hafsah Qaba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Graduation School of Health Sciences, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Abdulrahman Mashrah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
- Department of Food Engineering, Institute of Natural Sciences-Sakarya, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Elif Mine Öncü-Kaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Boumba VA, Ziavrou KS, Vougiouklakis T. Hair as a Biological Indicator of Drug Use, Drug Abuse or Chronic Exposure to Environmental Toxicants. Int J Toxicol 2016; 25:143-63. [PMID: 16717031 DOI: 10.1080/10915810600683028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years hair has become a fundamental biological specimen, alternative to the usual samples blood and urine, for drug testing in the fields of forensic toxicology, clinical toxicology and clinical chemistry. Moreover, hair-testing is now extensively used in workplace testing, as well as, on legal cases, historical research etc. This article reviews methodological and practical issues related to the application of hair as a biological indicator of drug use/abuse or of chronic exposure to environmental toxicants. Hair structure and the mechanisms of drug incorporation into it are commented. The usual preparation and extraction methods as well as the analytical techniques of hair samples are presented and commented on. The outcomes of hair analysis have been reviewed for the following categories: drugs of abuse (opiates, cocaine and related, amphetamines, cannabinoids), benzodiazepines, prescribed drugs, pesticides and organic pollutants, doping agents and other drugs or substances. Finally, the specific purpose of the hair testing is discussed along with the interpretation of hair analysis results regarding the limitations of the applied procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki A Boumba
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Greece
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3
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Development of an analytical method for simultaneous detection of psychotropic phenylalkylamines in hair by LC-MS/MS with a multi-mode reversed-phase column using pH gradient elution. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 259:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Lee SY, You IJ, Kim MJ, Kwon SH, Hong SI, Kim JH, Jang MH, Oh SM, Chung KH, Lee SY, Jang CG. The abuse potential of oxethazaine: Effects of oxethazaine on drug-seeking behavior and analysis of its metabolites in plasma and hair in animal models. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 105:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Nakashima K. Development and Application of High-sensitive Determination Methods for Bio-related Compounds. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2012; 132:1119-30. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.12-00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Wada M, Ochi Y, Nogami K, Ikeda R, Kuroda N, Nakashima K. Evaluation of hair roots for detection of methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine abuse by use of an HPLC–chemiluminescence method. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2569-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Lee S, Kim J, In S, Choi H, Oh SM, Jang CG, Chung KH. Development of a simultaneous analytical method for selected anorectics, methamphetamine, MDMA, and their metabolites in hair using LC-MS/MS to prove anorectics abuse. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:1385-94. [PMID: 22460079 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5950-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the tight control of methamphetamine, it is presumed that phentermine, an amphetamine-type anorectic, has recently been considered a supplement for methamphetamine abusers in Korea. In addition, the abuse of other anorectics obtained by inappropriate means has become a social issue. Hair is a useful specimen to prove chronic drug use. Therefore, an analytical method for the simultaneous detection of phentermine, phendimetrazine, amfepramone, fenfluramine, mazindol, methamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), as well as their metabolites, which covers the major amphetamines and anorectic agents in Korea, in hair was established and validated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The drugs and their metabolites in hair were extracted using 1 % HCl in methanol and then filtered and analyzed by LC-MS/MS with electrospray ionization in positive mode. The validation results for selectivity, linearity, matrix effect, recovery, process efficiency, intra- and interassay precision and accuracy, and processed sample stability were satisfactory. The limits of detection ranged from 0.025 to 1 ng/10 mg hair and the limits of quantification were 0.25 ng/10 mg hair for every analyte except mazindol and phentermine, for which they were 10 ng/10 mg hair. The method was successfully applied for the segmental determination of selected anorectics, methamphetamine, MDMA, and their metabolites in hair from 39 drug suspects. Among the anorectics, phentermine and/or phendimetrazine were identified with or without methamphetamine in the hair samples. Closer supervision of the inappropriate use of anorectics is necessary. Also, hair analysis is useful for monitoring the abuse potential of unnoticed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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8
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Kaddoumi A, Wada M, Nakashima K. Pharmacokinetic properties of N-nitrosofenfluramine after its administration to rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 25:579-87. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Wada M, Yamahara K, Ikeda R, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Kuroda N, Nakashima K. Simultaneous determination of N-benzylpiperazine and 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine in rat plasma by HPLC-fluorescence detection and its application to monitoring of these drugs. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:21-5. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Wada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki University; 1-14 Bunkyo-machi; Nagasaki; 852-8521; Japan
| | - Kozue Yamahara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki University; 1-14 Bunkyo-machi; Nagasaki; 852-8521; Japan
| | - Rie Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki University; 1-14 Bunkyo-machi; Nagasaki; 852-8521; Japan
| | - Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri
- National Institute of Health Sciences; 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya; Tokyo; 158-8501; Japan
| | - Naotaka Kuroda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki University; 1-14 Bunkyo-machi; Nagasaki; 852-8521; Japan
| | - Kenichiro Nakashima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki University; 1-14 Bunkyo-machi; Nagasaki; 852-8521; Japan
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10
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Simultaneous Determination of Seven Adulterants in Slimming Functional Foods by HPLC–ESI–MS/MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-010-9192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Nakashima K. Development and Application of Sensitive Methods with Luminescence Detections for Determination of Biologically Active Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.57.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Nakashima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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12
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Kaddoumi A, Wada M, Nakashima K. In vivo incorporation of fenfluramine and norfenfluramine into pigmented and nonpigmented hair of rats measured by HPLC-fluorescence detection. Forensic Toxicol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-010-0105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Analytical methods for abused drugs in hair and their applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:1039-67. [PMID: 20232061 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3569-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hair has been focused on for its usability as an alternative biological specimen to blood and urine for determining drugs of abuse in fields such as forensic and toxicological sciences because hair can be used to elucidate the long intake history of abused drugs compared with blood and urine. Hair analysis consists of several pretreatment steps, such as washing out contaminates from hair, extraction of target compounds from hair, and cleanup for instrumental analysis. Each step includes characteristic and independent features for the class of drugs, e.g., stimulants, narcotics, cannabis, and other medicaments. In this review, recently developed methods to determine drugs of abuse are summarized, and the pretreatment steps as well as the sensitivity and applicability are critically discussed.
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Jing-hua Y, Fu-wei W, Ping D, Shen-guang G, Bo L, Jia-dong H. Flow Injection Chemiluminescence Sensor with Novel Rhodanine Ramification for Determination of Fenfluramine Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710902722004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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NAKASHIMA K, IKEDA R, WADA M. Analytical Studies on the Development of High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Methods with Fluorescence or Chemiluminescence Detections and Their Practical Applications. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:21-31. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro NAKASHIMA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Rie IKEDA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Mitsuhiro WADA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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16
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Kim JY, Jung KS, Kim MK, Lee JI, In MK. Simultaneous determination of psychotropic phenylalkylamine derivatives in human hair by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:1705-20. [PMID: 17474080 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of thirteen psychotropic phenylalkylamine derivatives (amphetamine; AP, phentermine; PT, methamphamine; MA, cathinone; Khat, methcathinone; MCAT, fenfluramine; FFA, desmethylselegiline; DSEL, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; MDA, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine; MDEA, norketamine; NKT, mescaline; MES, 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine; 2CB) in human hair. Hair samples (20 mg) were washed with distilled water and acetone, cut into small fragments (<1 mm), and incubated in 0.25 M methanolic HCl under ultrasonication at 50 degrees C for 1 h. The resulting solutions were evaporated to dryness, derivatized using trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) at 70 degrees C for 30 min, and analyzed by GC/MS. The linear ranges were 0.02-25.0 ng/mg for AP, PT, Khat, FFA, DSEL, MDMA, and 2CB; 0.05-25.0 ng/mg for MA, MCAT, and MES; 0.05-12.5 ng/mg for MDA; and 0.1-25.0 ng/mg for MDEA and NKT, with good correlation coefficients (r(2) > 0.9985). The intra-day, inter-day, and inter-person precisions were within 12.7%, 14.8%, and 16.8%, respectively. The intra-day, inter-day, and inter-person accuracies were between -10.7 and 13.4%, -12.7 and 11.6%, and -15.3 and 11.9%, respectively. The limits of quantifications (LOQs) for each compound were lower than 0.08 ng/mg. The recoveries were in the range of 76.7-95.6%. The method proved to be suitable for the simultaneous qualification and quantification of phenylalkylamine derivatives in hair specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Kim
- Drug Analysis Laboratory, Forensic Science Division, Supreme Prosecutors' Office, Seocho-ggu, Seoul, Korea.
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Wada M, Kurogi R, Kaddoumi A, Nakashima MN, Nakashima K. Pentazocine monitoring in rat hair and plasma by HPLC-fluorescence detection with DIB-Cl as a labelling reagent. LUMINESCENCE 2007; 22:157-62. [PMID: 17089348 DOI: 10.1002/bio.940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pentazocine (PZ) in rat hair and plasma was determined by HPLC-fluorescence detection with 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoyl chloride (DIB-Cl) as a labelling reagent and cyclazocine (CZ) as an internal standard (IS). PZ and IS extracted from hair or plasma sample were derivatized with DIB-Cl and the resulted solution was cleaned up with solid phase extraction. The isocratic separation of DIB-PZ and -CZ within 20 min could be achieved by a Wakopak Handy-ODS column (250 x 4.6 mm i.d.) using a mobile phase composed of 0.1 mol/L acetate buffer (pH 6.2):acetonitrile (25:75, v/v). The detection limits of PZ at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 for rat hair and plasma were 0.18 ng/mg and 0.57 ng/mL, respectively. Reproducible and precise results could be obtained by an IS method with RSD values less than 6.6% for within- and between-day measurements. The method was successfully applied for the monitoring of PZ levels in Zucker rat hair and plasma samples after a single administration of 25 mg/kg PZ. Moreover, incorporation rates of PZ into black and white hair of Zucker rat were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Wada
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Nakamura S, Wada M, Crabtree BL, Reeves PM, Montgomery JH, Byrd HJ, Harada S, Kuroda N, Nakashima K. A sensitive semi-micro column HPLC method with peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection and column switching for determination of MDMA-related compounds in hair. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 387:1983-90. [PMID: 17093959 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Revised: 10/04/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive semi-micro column HPLC method with peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (POCL) detection and column switching has been developed for simultaneous determination of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and related compounds, for example 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, methamphetamine, and amphetamine, in hair. After digestion of the hair with 1 mol L-1 sodium hydroxide the compounds were extracted with n-heptane and derivatized with 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole. A mixture of hydrogen peroxide and bis(2,4,5-trichloro-6-carbopentoxyphenyl)oxalate in acetonitrile was used as post-column CL reagent. Calibration plots showed linearity was good (r=0.999); detection limits were 0.02-0.16 ng mg-1 hair at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The precision of the method, as RSD (n=5), in intra-day and inter-day assays was better than 5.0 and 6.9%, respectively. The proposed method was sufficiently sensitive to detect low ng mg-1 levels of MDMA and related compounds in hair, and could be used for quantification of the compounds in hair samples from patients treated in a chemical dependency unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan, and Mississippi State Hospital, Whitfield 39193, USA
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Wada M, Nakashima K. Hair analysis: an excellent tool for confirmation of drug abuse. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 385:413-5. [PMID: 16715271 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Revised: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Wada
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
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Pragst F, Balikova MA. State of the art in hair analysis for detection of drug and alcohol abuse. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 370:17-49. [PMID: 16624267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 748] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2005] [Revised: 01/11/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hair differs from other materials used for toxicological analysis because of its unique ability to serve as a long-term storage of foreign substances with respect to the temporal appearance in blood. Over the last 20 years, hair testing has gained increasing attention and recognition for the retrospective investigation of chronic drug abuse as well as intentional or unintentional poisoning. In this paper, we review the physiological basics of hair growth, mechanisms of substance incorporation, analytical methods, result interpretation and practical applications of hair analysis for drugs and other organic substances. Improved chromatographic-mass spectrometric techniques with increased selectivity and sensitivity and new methods of sample preparation have improved detection limits from the ng/mg range to below pg/mg. These technical advances have substantially enhanced the ability to detect numerous drugs and other poisons in hair. For example, it was possible to detect previous administration of a single very low dose in drug-facilitated crimes. In addition to its potential application in large scale workplace drug testing and driving ability examination, hair analysis is also used for detection of gestational drug exposure, cases of criminal liability of drug addicts, diagnosis of chronic intoxication and in postmortem toxicology. Hair has only limited relevance in therapy compliance control. Fatty acid ethyl esters and ethyl glucuronide in hair have proven to be suitable markers for alcohol abuse. Hair analysis for drugs is, however, not a simple routine procedure and needs substantial guidelines throughout the testing process, i.e., from sample collection to results interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Pragst
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Charité, Hittorfstr. 18, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Nakamura S, Tomita M, Wada M, Chung H, Kuroda N, Nakashima K. Quantification of MDMA and MDA in abusers' hair samples by semi-micro column HPLC with fluorescence detection. Biomed Chromatogr 2006; 20:622-7. [PMID: 16779783 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive semi-micro column high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method was developed for the determination of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), methamphetamine (MP) and amphetamine (AP) in human hair. 4-(4,5-Diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoyl chloride (DIB-Cl) and 1-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine were used as labeling reagent and internal standard, respectively. These drugs were extracted from hair into 5% trifluoroacetic acid in methanol, and fluorescent labeled with DIB-Cl. The separation of DIB-derivatives was achieved on a reversed-phase semi-micro ODS column with an acetonitrile-methanol-water (30:40:30, v/v/v%) mixture as a mobile phase. The limits of detection at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 for MDMA, MDA, MP and AP were 0.25, 0.15, 0.25 and 0.19 ng/mg, respectively. Precision of intra- and inter-day assay as the relative standard deviation were in the range 1.5-6.8% (n = 5) and 2.7-4.7% (n = 5), respectively. The proposed method was highly sensitive and able to detect MDMA and its related compounds in small amounts of hair sample, and could be applied to quantification of six abusers' hair samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
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Balíková M. HAIR ANALYSIS FOR DRUGS OF ABUSE. PLAUSIBILITY OF INTERPRETATION. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2005. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2005.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Brettell
- Office of Forensic Sciences, New Jersey State Police, New Jersey Forensic Science and Technology Complex, 1200 Negron Road, Horizon Center, Hamilton, New Jersey 08691, USA
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Nakashima K. High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Drugs of Abuse in Biologic Samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.51.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Nakashima
- Division of Analytical Research for Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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