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Torimitsu S, Nakazawa A, Flavel A, Swift L, Makino Y, Iwase H, Franklin D. Estimation of ancestry from cranial measurements based on MDCT data acquired in a Japanese and Western Australian population. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:1193-1203. [PMID: 38252284 PMCID: PMC11003893 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The estimation of ancestry is important not only towards establishing identity but also as a required precursor to facilitating the accurate estimation of other attributes such as sex, age at death, and stature. The present study aims to analyze morphological variation in the crania of Japanese and Western Australian individuals and test predictive models based on machine learning for their potential forensic application. The Japanese and Western Australian samples comprise computed tomography (CT) scans of 230 (111 female; 119 male) and 225 adult individuals (112 female; 113 male), respectively. A total of 18 measurements were calculated, and machine learning methods (random forest modeling, RFM; support vector machine, SVM) were used to classify ancestry. The two-way unisex model achieved an overall accuracy of 93.2% for RFM and 97.1% for SVM, respectively. The four-way sex and ancestry model demonstrated an overall classification accuracy of 84.0% for RFM and 93.0% for SVM. The sex-specific models were most accurate in the female samples (♀ 95.1% for RFM and 100% for SVM; ♂91.4% for RFM and 97.4% for SVM). Our findings suggest that cranial measurements acquired in CT images can be used to accurately classify Japanese and Western Australian individuals into their respective population. This is the first study to assess the feasibility of ancestry estimation using three-dimensional CT images of the skull.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Torimitsu
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Akari Nakazawa
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ambika Flavel
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Lauren Swift
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Yohsuke Makino
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirotaro Iwase
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daniel Franklin
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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Brzobohatá H, Krajíček V, Horák Z, Velemínská J. Sexual Dimorphism of the Human Tibia through Time: Insights into Shape Variation Using a Surface-Based Approach. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166461. [PMID: 27846265 PMCID: PMC5112946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper we present a three-dimensional (3D) morphometrical assessment of human tibia sexual dimorphism based on whole bone digital representation. To detect shape-size and shape differences between sexes, we used geometric morphometric tools and colour-coded surface deviation maps. The surface-based methodology enabled analysis of sexually dimorphic features throughout the shaft and articular ends of the tibia. The overall study dataset consisted of 183 3D models of adult tibiae from three Czech population subsets, dating to the early medieval (9-10th century) (N = 65), early 20th century (N = 61) and 21st-century (N = 57). The time gap between the chronologically most distant and contemporary datasets was more than 1200 years. The results showed that, in all three datasets, sexual dimorphism was pronounced. There were some sex-dimorphic characteristics common to all three samples, such as tuberosity protrusion, anteriorly bowed shaft and relatively larger articular ends in males. Diachronic comparisons also revealed substantial shape variation related to the most dimorphic area. Male/female distinctions showed a consistent temporal trend regarding the location of dimorphic areas (shifting distally with time), while the maximal deviation between male and female digitized surfaces fluctuated and reached the lowest level in the 21st-century sample. Sex determination on a whole-surface basis yielded the lowest return of correct sex assignment in the 20th-century group, which represented the lowest socioeconomic status. The temporal variation could be attributed to changes in living conditions, the decreasing lower limb loading/labour division in the last 12 centuries having the greatest effect. Overall, the results showed that a surface-based approach is successful for analysing complex long bone geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Brzobohatá
- Department of Prehistorical Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Krajíček
- Department of Software and Computer Science Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Horák
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Velemínská
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Liebenberg L, Stull KE, L'Abbé EN, Botha D. Evaluating the Accuracy of Cranial Indices in Ancestry Estimation Among South African Groups. J Forensic Sci 2015; 60:1277-82. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandi Liebenberg
- Department of Anatomy; University of Pretoria; Private Bag x323 0007 Arcadia South Africa
| | - Kyra E. Stull
- Department of Anthropology; Idaho State University; Pocatello ID 83204
| | - Ericka N. L'Abbé
- Department of Anatomy; University of Pretoria; Private Bag x323 0007 Arcadia South Africa
| | - Deona Botha
- Department of Anatomy; University of Pretoria; Private Bag x323 0007 Arcadia South Africa
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Krüger GC, L’Abbé EN, Stull KE, Kenyhercz MW. Sexual dimorphism in cranial morphology among modern South Africans. Int J Legal Med 2014; 129:869-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-014-1111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Macaluso PJ. Sex discrimination from the glenoid cavity in black South Africans: morphometric analysis of digital photographs. Int J Legal Med 2010; 125:773-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-010-0508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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