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Jang WJ, Lee S, Jeong CH. Uncovering transcriptomic biomarkers for enhanced diagnosis of methamphetamine use disorder: a comprehensive review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1302994. [PMID: 38260797 PMCID: PMC10800441 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1302994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive Methamphetamine (MA) use despite its detrimental effects on physical, psychological, and social well-being. The development of MUD is a complex process that involves the interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The treatment of MUD remains a significant challenge, with no FDA-approved pharmacotherapies currently available. Current diagnostic criteria for MUD rely primarily on self-reporting and behavioral assessments, which have inherent limitations owing to their subjective nature. This lack of objective biomarkers and unidimensional approaches may not fully capture the unique features and consequences of MA addiction. Methods We performed a literature search for this review using the Boolean search in the PubMed database. Results This review explores existing technologies for identifying transcriptomic biomarkers for MUD diagnosis. We examined non-invasive tissues and scrutinized transcriptomic biomarkers relevant to MUD. Additionally, we investigated transcriptomic biomarkers identified for diagnosing, predicting, and monitoring MUD in non-invasive tissues. Discussion Developing and validating non-invasive MUD biomarkers could address these limitations, foster more precise and reliable diagnostic approaches, and ultimately enhance the quality of care for individuals with MA addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chul-Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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2
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Ryu SR, Suh J, Kim H, Shin K. The surface and internal features of pubic hair: A comparative study with those of scalp hair. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1509-1520. [PMID: 37317710 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although pubic hair has been a subject of public interest, little is known about its structure or characteristics beyond its curly and coarse appearance. In this study, we investigated the surface and internal features of pubic hair from Korean males and compared them to those of scalp hair from the same donors. Our findings indicate that the cuticle layer of pubic hair has a greater number of scales than that of scalp hair, resulting in a thicker cuticle layer overall. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy analysis showed that the protein in the cortex layer of pubic hair was less affected by exposure to urine or ammonia than the protein in the cortex layer of scalp hair. This suggests that the cuticle layer of pubic hair, which is thicker and composed of more scales, acts as a physical barrier that protects the hair's internal structure. Furthermore, we observed that the secondary and tertiary structures of keratin in the pubic hair cuticle layer are essentially different from those in scalp hair. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that the thickened cuticle layer in pubic hair may have evolved as a defence mechanism against chemical damage from urine, urea and ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Ryeon Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwoo Suh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanwoo Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Scendoni R, Bury E, Buratti E, Froldi R, Cippitelli M, Mietti G, Cingolani M. Detection of Morphine and Opioids in Fingernails: Immunohistochemical Analysis and Confirmation with Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080420. [PMID: 35893853 PMCID: PMC9331542 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the detection of morphine in fingernails from forensic autopsies using immunohistochemistry (IHC), with confirmation by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). A primary antibody specific to morphine and a secondary antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used. IHC on specimens of Subjects A and B (both drug addicts) resulted in the detection of morphine on a cell layer of the nail plate matrix. UHPLC-HRMS and GC-MS analysis showed that Subject A had a morphine concentration of 0.35 ng/mg in the fingernail and 472 ng/mL in the blood, while Subject B reached 1.23 ng/mg in the fingernail and 360 ng/ml in the blood. Most of those matrices were positive for codeine, methadone, EDDP, and 6-MAM. The use of IHC in Subject C (a former addict) showed no positivity for morphine in the fingernail, while the UHPLC-HRMS analysis confirmed its absence in the fingernail and blood. Additionally, an analysis of the scalp or pubic hair of the subjects was carried out using UHPLC-HRMS. The results suggest that IHC can be used to establish the site of accumulation of morphine in the nail matrix; for postmortem diagnosis; and that basic substances can be detected by UHPLC-HRMS. There are no previous studies on the use of IHC as a technique for forensic purposes in unconventional matrices, such as nails.
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Bertol E, Mari F, Lachi A, Tespio G, Vaiano F. Determination of endogenous GHB levels in chest and pubic hair. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 325:110857. [PMID: 34098474 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous nature of GHB represents a critical issue for forensic toxicologists, especially in alleged sexual assaults. Therefore, discrimination between physiologically and additional amounts from exogenous sources of such a substance must be effective and reliable in order to avoid severe misinterpretation. This study aimed to quantify the GHB baseline concentrations in chest and pubic hairs collected from 105 healthy volunteers, non-consumers of any drugs of abuse. The final scope was to investigate if these keratin matrices could represent valid alternative to scalp hair when not available. Moreover, we also evaluated the age and gender influences on the GHB baseline levels. 25 mg of hair were incubated overnight with NaOH at 56 °C. After acidification with H2SO4, the solution was liquid-liquid extracted with ethyl acetate and a trimethylsilyl derivatization was then achieved. Analysis was performed in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in single ion monitoring mode (m/z 233, 234, 147 for GHB; m/z 239, 240 and 147 for GHB-d6). The endogenous amount in "blank" hair was estimated by the standard addition method (0.301 for chest hair and 0.235 ng/mg for pubic hair). GHB concentration ranged from 0.205 to 1.511 ng/mg for chest hair and from 0.310 to 1.913 ng/mg for pubic hair. These values were consistent with previous studies on scalp hair and on pubic hair. Unfortunately, research on chest hair is not available in literature. T-Test and Linear Regression highlighted no statistically significant differences for the two matrices and for all age/gender sub-groups. However, further studies are required to estimate a reliable cut-off value for these keratin matrices. For the first time, we demonstrated the suitability of chest and pubic hair to detect endogenous levels of GHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Bertol
- Forensic Toxicology Division, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence, Italy; U.R.I.To.N - Unit of Research of University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Mari
- Forensic Toxicology Division, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence, Italy; U.R.I.To.N - Unit of Research of University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Lachi
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giusy Tespio
- Forensic Toxicology Division, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Vaiano
- Forensic Toxicology Division, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence, Italy; U.R.I.To.N - Unit of Research of University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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5
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Wang T, Shen B, Wu H, Gu J, Shen M, Xiang P. Segmental Analysis of R/S-Methamphetamine and R/S-Amphetamine in Abusers' Head Hair. J Anal Toxicol 2020; 44:596-600. [PMID: 31776560 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkz089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the relationships between the concentrations of R/S-methamphetamine (MA) and its metabolite R/S-amphetamine (AP), the AP/MA ratio in hair samples, and MA dependence were investigated by performing segmental hair analysis in MA users. Authentic hair samples collected from 10 chronic MA abusers were cut into 1-cm sections (a total of 120 segments). The concentrations of MA and AM enantiomers were quantitatively measured by the LC-MS-MS method. The S-MA concentrations ranged from 1.17 to 256.41 ng/mg and the S-AP concentrations ranged from 0.11 to 23.31 ng/mg in the 120 segments. S-MA and S-AP were the most common analytes identified in hair; no R-MA or R-AP was found. The S-AP/S-MA ratios ranged from 0.03 to 0.32, indicating that the subjects primarily consumed S-MA rather than R-MA or AP. The S-AP/S-MA ratios in the long hair of all chronic MA abusers showed some variation, but there was an overall trend of gradual increase from the distal to the proximal end. This trend was independent of the drug concentrations. Therefore, we could conclude that the AP/MA ratios increased with the duration of MA abuse, and a higher AP/MA ratio suggested high MA dependence. There was no chiral conversion of MA or AP in the hair matrix. The segmental hair analysis showed that all subjects continuously used S-MA, and some users showed an increase in drug dose or the frequency of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Guangfu Xi Road 1347, Shanghai 200063, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25, Lane 2200, Xuetu Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Baohua Shen
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Guangfu Xi Road 1347, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Hejian Wu
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Guangfu Xi Road 1347, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Jun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25, Lane 2200, Xuetu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Guangfu Xi Road 1347, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Guangfu Xi Road 1347, Shanghai 200063, China
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Ferreira C, Paulino C, Quintas A. Extraction Procedures for Hair Forensic Toxicological Analysis: A Mini-Review. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:2367-2381. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ferreira
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, CiiEM, Campus Universitário − Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
- Forensic and Psychological Sciences Laboratory Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário − Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cathy Paulino
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, CiiEM, Campus Universitário − Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
- Forensic and Psychological Sciences Laboratory Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário − Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Quintas
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, CiiEM, Campus Universitário − Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
- Forensic and Psychological Sciences Laboratory Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário − Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
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Mantinieks D, Wright P, Di Rago M, Gerostamoulos D. A systematic investigation of forensic hair decontamination procedures and their limitations. Drug Test Anal 2019; 11:1542-1555. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Mantinieks
- Department of Forensic Medicine Monash University Southbank VIC 3006 Australia
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine 65 Kavanagh Street Southbank VIC 3006 Australia
| | - Paul Wright
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University PO Box 71 Bundoora VIC 3083 Australia
| | - Matthew Di Rago
- Department of Forensic Medicine Monash University Southbank VIC 3006 Australia
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine 65 Kavanagh Street Southbank VIC 3006 Australia
| | - Dimitri Gerostamoulos
- Department of Forensic Medicine Monash University Southbank VIC 3006 Australia
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine 65 Kavanagh Street Southbank VIC 3006 Australia
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Ramírez Fernández MDM, Wille SMR, Di Fazio V, Samyn N. Time course detection of dihydrocodeine in body hair after a single dose. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 302:109864. [PMID: 31261035 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When head hair is not suitable or not available, body hair, such as leg or beard hair might be the most suitable sample for drug hair analysis. Information about the time course of drugs in hair, from the different anatomical body sites, should still be well documented. AIM The aim of this study was to determine and compare (a) the detection window of dihydrocodeine in frequently shaved legs and beard, (b) in unshaved hair from head hair, chest hair, leg hair, and/or arm hair, and (c) the distribution concentrations over the scalp, after a single dihydrocodeine intake. METHOD Before a single intake of 12 mg dihydrocodeine by subject 1 (woman), both legs hair were shaved in the morning. The subject 2 (man) shaved his beard in the morning and 30 min later he had a dose of 10 mg of dihydrocodeine. The samples were washed with water and shampoo, dried and collected as follows: Subject 1: every 3-days shaved leg hair (n = 9) and 1-month-later head hair (n = 1). Subject 2: daily shaved beard hair (n = 15), 2 months later head hair (n = 145), and every 20 days unshaved arm, leg and chest hair (from different areas) (n = 4/area). The samples were analysed for dihydrocodeine using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 15.6 pg/mg for dihydrocodeine. About 20 mg of hair samples were weighted, washed with dichloromethane, centrifuged, dried, and pulverized in the same disposable tubes. Then the samples were incubated with methanol (under sonication at 45 °C) during 4 h. After centrifugation, the supernatant was evaporated and a cation exchange solid phase extraction followed by separation and quantification using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ULC-MS/MS) was carried out. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a BEH phenyl column eluted with 0.1% formic acid: methanol (0.1% formic acid). The UPLC-MS/MS method was validated and used in routine for drug hair analysis for already several years. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the present study leg hair was collected every 3 days, as an average of frequent shaved hair in western woman population. Shaved leg hair was very limited and only one hair sample was available per analysis. Beard was collected daily and in a higher amount. Dihydrocodeine was detected in leg hair from the first sample (3 days after the intake). Maximum concentration at 68 pg/mg for the single intake was obtained after 15 days (±2 days), decreasing later to the LOQ from the 21th day. Beard hair was positive from the first day sample, and the maximum concentration was observed at 66 pg/mg, 6 days after the intake, decreasing later to the LOQ from day 13. This may be explained by growth rate and the amount of growing hairs, in anagen phase. In other body hair samples, dihydrocodeine was negative or detected from 1 month after the intake. No significant differences in dihydrocodeine concentrations over the scalp in the different regions were observed (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Body hair presents different time course window detection due to the different growth rates. Frequently shaved leg and beard hair may be suitable samples for recent single dihydrocodeine dose detection from the first days up to 2-3 weeks after the intake, respectively, when a LOQ of 15.6 pg/mg is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Mar Ramírez Fernández
- Federal Public Service Justice, National Institute of Criminalistics and Criminology, Chaussée de Vilvorde 100, 1120 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sarah M R Wille
- Federal Public Service Justice, National Institute of Criminalistics and Criminology, Chaussée de Vilvorde 100, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Di Fazio
- Federal Public Service Justice, National Institute of Criminalistics and Criminology, Chaussée de Vilvorde 100, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nele Samyn
- Federal Public Service Justice, National Institute of Criminalistics and Criminology, Chaussée de Vilvorde 100, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
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Hair Metabolomics in Animal Studies and Clinical Settings. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122195. [PMID: 31212725 PMCID: PMC6630908 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is a powerful tool used to understand comprehensive changes in the metabolic response and to study the phenotype of an organism by instrumental analysis. It most commonly involves mass spectrometry followed by data mining and metabolite assignment. For the last few decades, hair has been used as a valuable analytical sample to investigate retrospective xenobiotic exposure as it provides a wider window of detection than other biological samples such as saliva, plasma, and urine. Hair contains functional metabolomes such as amino acids and lipids. Moreover, segmental analysis of hair based on its growth rate can provide information on metabolic changes over time. Therefore, it has great potential as a metabolomics sample to monitor chronic diseases, including drug addiction or abnormal conditions. In the current review, the latest applications of hair metabolomics in animal studies and clinical settings are highlighted. For this purpose, we review and discuss the characteristics of hair as a metabolomics sample, the analytical techniques employed in hair metabolomics and the consequence of hair metabolome alterations in recent studies. Through this, the value of hair as an alternative biological sample in metabolomics is highlighted.
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Song SH, Jang WJ, Hwang J, Park B, Jang JH, Seo YH, Yang CH, Lee S, Jeong CH. Transcriptome profiling of whisker follicles in methamphetamine self-administered rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11420. [PMID: 30061674 PMCID: PMC6065325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive psychostimulant that disturbs the central nervous system; therefore, diagnosis of MA addiction is important in clinical and forensic toxicology. In this study, a MA self-administration rat model was used to illustrate the gene expression profiling of the rewarding effect caused by MA. RNA-sequencing was performed to examine changes in gene expression in rat whisker follicles collected before self-administration, after MA self-administration, and after withdrawal sessions. We identified six distinct groups of genes, with statistically significant expression patterns. By constructing the functional association network of these genes and performing the subsequent topological analysis, we identified 43 genes, which have the potential to regulate MA reward and addiction. The gene pathways were then analysed using the Reactome and Knowledgebase for Addiction-Related Gene database, and it was found that genes and pathways associated with Alzheimer's disease and the heparan sulfate biosynthesis were enriched in MA self-administration rats. The findings suggest that changes of the genes identified in rat whisker follicles may be useful indicators of the rewarding effect of MA. Further studies are needed to provide a comprehensive understanding of MA addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hoon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungduck Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Jang
- School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Hanny University, Daegu, 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul-Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
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The effectiveness of decontamination procedures used in forensic hair analysis. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2018; 14:349-357. [DOI: 10.1007/s12024-018-9994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Vaiano F, Busardò FP, Pascali J, Fioravanti A, Mortali C, Mari F, Bertol E. Hair testing of propofol by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and azo-coupling derivatization. Drug Test Anal 2017; 9:1080-1084. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Vaiano
- Forensic Toxicology Division, Department of Health Sciences; University of Florence; L.go Brambilla 3 50134 Florence Italy
| | - Francesco P. Busardò
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology (UoFT), Department of Anatomical Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; V.le Regina Elena 336 00161 Rome Italy
| | - Jennifer Pascali
- Forensic Toxicology Division, Department of Health Sciences; University of Florence; L.go Brambilla 3 50134 Florence Italy
| | - Alessia Fioravanti
- Forensic Toxicology Division, Department of Health Sciences; University of Florence; L.go Brambilla 3 50134 Florence Italy
| | - Claudia Mortali
- National Centre on Addiction and Doping, ISS; V.le Regina Elena 229 00161 Rome Italy
| | - Francesco Mari
- Forensic Toxicology Division, Department of Health Sciences; University of Florence; L.go Brambilla 3 50134 Florence Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bertol
- Forensic Toxicology Division, Department of Health Sciences; University of Florence; L.go Brambilla 3 50134 Florence Italy
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Duca RC, Hardy E, Salquèbre G, Appenzeller BMR. Hair decontamination procedure prior to multi-class pesticide analysis. Drug Test Anal 2015; 6 Suppl 1:55-66. [PMID: 24817049 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although increasing interest is being observed in hair analysis for the biomonitoring of human exposure to pesticides, some limitations still have to be addressed for optimum use of this matrix in that specific context. One main possible issue concerns the need to differentiate chemicals biologically incorporated into hair from those externally deposited on hair surface from contaminated air or dust. The present study focuses on the development of a washing procedure for the decontamination of hair before analysis of pesticides from different chemical classes. For this purpose, three different procedures of artificial contamination (with silica, cellulose, and aqueous solution) were used to simulate pesticides deposition on hair surface. Several washing solvents (four organic: acetone, dichloromethane, methanol, acetonitrile; and four aqueous: water, phosphate buffer, shampoo, sodium dodecylsulfate) were evaluated for their capacity to remove artificially deposited pesticides from hair surface. The most effective washing solvents were sodium dodecylsulfate and methanol for aqueous and organic solvents, respectively. Moreover, after a first washing with sodium dodecylsulfate or methanol, the majority of externally deposited pesticides was removed and a steady-state was reached since significantly lower amounts were removed by additional second and third washings. Finally, the effectiveness of a decontamination procedure comprising washing with sodium dodecylsulfate and methanol was successively demonstrated. In parallel, it was determined that the final procedure did not affect the chemicals biologically incorporated, as hair strands naturally containing pesticides were used. Such a procedure appears to remove in one-shot the fraction of chemicals located on hair surface and does not require repeated washing steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu-Corneliu Duca
- Laboratory of Analytical Human Biomonitoring, CRP-Santé, 162A avenue de la Faïencerie, L-1511, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Romano G, Indorato F, Spadaro G, Barbera S, Barbera N. Cocaine contamination in pubic hair: Analysis of the decontamination method. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejfs.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
The use of alternative matrices such as oral fluid and hair has increased in the past decades because of advances in analytical technology. However, there are still many issues that need to be resolved. Standardized protocols of sample pretreatment are needed to link the detected concentrations to final conclusions. The development of suitable proficiency testing schemes is required. Finally, interpretation issues such as link to effect, adulteration, detection markers and thresholds will hamper the vast use of these matrices. Today, several niche areas apply these matrices with success, such as drugs and driving for oral fluid and drug-facilitated crimes for hair. Once those issues are resolved, the number of applications will markedly grow in the future.
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Chemometric evaluation of nine alcohol biomarkers in a large population of clinically-classified subjects: pre-eminence of ethyl glucuronide concentration in hair for confirmatory classification. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:2153-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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A study of distribution of ethyl glucuronide in different keratin matrices. Forensic Sci Int 2011; 210:271-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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