1
|
Gutierrez RE, Prokesch EJ. The false promise of firearms examination validation studies: Lay controls, simplistic comparisons, and the failure to soundly measure misidentification rates. J Forensic Sci 2024; 69:1334-1349. [PMID: 38684627 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Several studies have recently attempted to estimate practitioner accuracy when comparing fired ammunition. But whether this research has included sufficiently challenging comparisons dependent upon expertise for accurate conclusions regarding source remains largely unexplored in the literature. Control groups of lay people comprise one means of vetting this question, of assessing whether comparison samples were at least challenging enough to distinguish between experts and novices. This article therefore utilizes such a group, specifically 82 attorneys, as a post hoc control and juxtaposes their performance on a comparison set of cartridge case images from one commonly cited study (Duez et al. in J Forensic Sci. 2018;63:1069-1084) with that of the original participant pool of professionals. Despite lacking the kind of formalized training and experience common to the latter, our lay participants displayed an ability, generally, to distinguish between cartridge cases fired by the same versus different guns in the 327 comparisons they performed. And while their accuracy rates lagged substantially behind those of the original participant pool of professionals on same-source comparisons, their performance on different-source comparisons was essentially indistinguishable from that of trained examiners. This indicates that although the study we vetted may provide useful information about professional accuracy when performing same-source comparisons, it has little to offer in terms of measuring examiners' ability to distinguish between cartridge cases fired by different guns. If similar issues pervade other accuracy studies, then there is little reason to rely on the false-positive rates they have generated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Gutierrez
- Forensic Science Division, Law Office of the Cook County Public Defender, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Academy Standards Board, Firearms and Toolmarks Consensus Body, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Emily J Prokesch
- Discovery and Forensic Support Unit, New York State Defenders Association, Albany, New York, USA
- Columbia School of Law, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Milheiro A, De Tobel J, Capitaneanu C, Shaheen E, Fieuws S, Thevissen P. Quantifying the potential of morphological parameters for human dental identification: part 1-proof of concept. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:25-34. [PMID: 35704093 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02853-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In forensic identification, lack of eccentric characteristics of intact dentitions hinders correct ante-mortem/post-mortem (AM/PM) matching. It remains unclear which morphological dental parameters hold strong potential as identifiers. This study aimed to establish a method to quantify and rank the identifying potential of one (or a combination of) continuous morphological parameter(s), and to provide a proof of concept. First, a statistic was defined that quantifies the identifying potential: the mean potential set (MPS). The MPS is derived from inter-observer agreement data and it indicates the percentage of subjects in the AM reference dataset who at least need to be considered to detect the correct PM subject. This was calculated in a univariate and a multivariate setting. Second, the method was validated on maxillary first molar crowns of 82 3D-digitally scanned cast models. Standardized measurements were registered using 3D modeling software (3-Matic Medical 12.0, Materialise N.V., Leuven, Belgium): tooth depth, angles between cusps, distances between cusps, distances between the cusps, and the mesial pit. A random sample of 40 first molars was measured by a second examiner. Quantifying and ranking the parameters allowed selecting those with the strongest identifying potential. This was found for the tooth depth (1 measurement, MPS = 17.1%, ICC = 0.879) in the univariate setting, and the angles between cusps (4 measurements, MPS = 3.9%) in the multivariate setting. As expected, the multivariate approach held significantly stronger identifying potential, but more measurements were needed (i.e., more time-consuming). Our method allows quantifying and ranking the potential of dental morphological parameters as identifiers using a clear-cut statistic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Milheiro
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Forensic Odontology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.
| | - J De Tobel
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Forensic Odontology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Diagnostic Sciences - Radiology, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Capitaneanu
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Forensic Odontology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - E Shaheen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - Imaging and Pathology (OMFS-IMPATH), Louvain, UZ, Belgium
| | - S Fieuws
- Inter-University Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, KU Louvain, University of Leuven and University of Hasselt, Louvain, Belgium
| | - P Thevissen
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Forensic Odontology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Salazar-Aguilar P, Zaror-Sánchez C, Fonseca GM. Forensic odontology: Wrong convictions, "bad apples" and "the innocence files". J Forensic Leg Med 2023; 96:102528. [PMID: 37099885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Forensic odontology (FO) provides expert testimony; however, new criticism has identified FO as one of the fields that must strengthen its scientific foundations. The recent Netflix documentary titled "The Innocence Files", featuring wrongful convictions, dedicates three of its nine episodes almost exclusively to bite mark identification (BMI), one of the most questioned tests performed by FO. Although most of the FO fields have an undoubted utility in forensic and juridical context, only BMI has been questioned in recent years; the derogatory expression "Junk science" is used continuously in the documentary almost as a synonym for FO. We present a scoping review of cases reported in the US National Registry of Exonerations in which FO was false or misleading forensic evidence (F/MFE) leading to wrongful convictions. Although in the 26 cases identified the only declared F/MFE was the BMI (excluding any other type of dental expertise), only in 2 cases (7.69%) was F/MFE the sole contributing factor, and in 4 cases (15.38%) there was F/MFE plus three additional factors. Official misconduct was detected in 19 cases (73.08%) and perjury or false accusation in 16 cases (61.54%). It has already been mentioned how dangerous it is to consider FO as synonymous with "bite mark identification", or even to publicly provide incorrect or decontextualized information. This review shows that erroneous convictions have been exclusively in the field of BMI, and that FO encompasses much more than just BMI. The relationship between the media and forensic sciences has been strained. The perspective of the new culture of risk management in forensics is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Salazar-Aguilar
- Programa de Magister en Odontología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Carrera de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Odontología Legal y Forense (CIO), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carlos Zaror-Sánchez
- Programa de Magister en Odontología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Center for Research in Epidemiology, Economics and Oral Public Health (CIEESPO), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gabriel M Fonseca
- Programa de Magister en Odontología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Odontología Legal y Forense (CIO), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chaves T, Azevedo Á, Caldas IM. Are lip prints hereditary? A systematic review. Int J Legal Med 2023:10.1007/s00414-023-02987-2. [PMID: 37010606 PMCID: PMC10247594 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-02987-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary lip prints have been studied by several researchers. However, the literature shows no consensus among the scientific community regarding this topic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to gather evidence to clarify whether the surface structure of lip prints is hereditary and, consequently, if a familial relationship between individuals can be established through the analysis of lip prints. The systematic review was performed following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A bibliographic survey was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, restricted to articles published between 2010 and 2020. Studies were selected according to eligibility criteria, and then the study data were collected. The risk of bias of each study was assessed and applied as additional inclusion or exclusion criteria. The results of the articles eligible for analysis were synthesized by a descriptive approach. In the seven included studies, methodological variations, including the definition of similarity, that contribute to the heterogeneity of results were identified. The data gathered allowed to conclude that there is no strong scientific evidence to support the hypothesis of the existence of heredity in the surface structure of lip prints, since it was not proven that similarities between parents and children occur systematically in all families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Chaves
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública E Forenses E Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Álvaro Azevedo
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Morais Caldas
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, Gandra, Portugal.
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Blau S, Roberts J, Cunha E, Delabarde T, Mundorff AZ, de Boer HH. Re-examining so-called 'secondary identifiers' in Disaster Victim Identification (DVI): Why and how are they used? Forensic Sci Int 2023; 345:111615. [PMID: 36907108 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Disaster victim identification (DVI) refers to the identification of multiple deceased persons following an event that has a catastrophic effect on human lives and living conditions. Identification methods in DVI are typically described as either being primary, which include nuclear genetic markers (DNA), dental radiograph comparisons, and fingerprint comparisons, or secondary, which are all other identifiers and are ordinarily considered insufficient as a sole means of identification. The aim of this paper is to review the concept and definition of so-called 'secondary identifiers" and draw on personal experiences to provide practical recommendations for improved consideration and use. Initially, the concept of secondary identifiers is defined and examples of publications where such identifiers have been used in human rights violation cases and humanitarian emergencies are reviewed. While typically not investigated under a strict DVI framework, the review highlights the idea that non-primary identifiers have proven useful on their own for identifying individuals killed as a result of political, religious, and/or ethnic violence. The use of non-primary identifiers in DVI operations in the published literature is then reviewed. Because there is a plethora of different ways in which secondary identifiers are referenced it was not possible to identify useful search terms. Consequently, a broad literature search (rather than a systematic review) was undertaken. The reviews highlight the potential value of so-called secondary identifiers but more importantly show the need to scrutinise the implied inferior value of non-primary methods which is suggested by the terms "primary" and "secondary". The investigative and evaluative phases of the identification process are examined, and the concept of "uniqueness" is critiqued. The authors suggest that non-primary identifiers may play an important role in providing leads to formulating an identification hypothesis and, using the Bayesian approach of evidence interpretation, may assist in establishing the value of the evidence in guiding the identification effort. A summary of contributions non-primary identifiers may make to DVI efforts is provided. In conclusion, the authors argue that all lines of evidence should be considered because the value of an identifier will depend on the context and the victim population. A series of recommendations are provided for consideration for the use of non-primary identifiers in DVI scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Blau
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - J Roberts
- Alecto Forensics, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - E Cunha
- National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Lisbon and University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - T Delabarde
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Paris. UMR8045 CNRS Université de Paris, France
| | - A Z Mundorff
- Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - H H de Boer
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zamora AC, Tallman SD. The role of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in positive identification. J Forensic Sci 2021; 67:877-888. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa C. Zamora
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology Boston University School of Medicine Boston USA
| | - Sean D. Tallman
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology Boston University School of Medicine Boston USA
- Department of Anthropology Boston University Boston USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Gait, the style of human walking, has been studied as a behavioral characteristic of an individual. Several studies have utilized gait to identify individuals with the aid of machine learning and computer vision techniques. However, there is a lack of studies on the nature of gait, such as the identification power or the uniqueness. This study aims to quantify the uniqueness of gait in a cohort. Three-dimensional full-body joint kinematics were obtained during normal walking trials from 488 subjects using a motion capture system. The joint angles of the gait cycle were converted into gait vectors. Four gait vectors were obtained from each subject, and all the gait vectors were pooled together. Two gait vectors were randomly selected from the pool and tested if they could be accurately classified if they were from the same person or not. The gait from the cohort was classified with an accuracy of 99.71% using the support vector machine with a radial basis function kernel as a classifier. Gait of a person is as unique as his/her facial motion and finger impedance, but not as unique as fingerprints.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ortiz AG, Soares GH, da Rosa GC, Biazevic MGH, Michel-Crosato E. A pilot study of an automated personal identification process: Applying machine learning to panoramic radiographs. Imaging Sci Dent 2021; 51:187-193. [PMID: 34235064 PMCID: PMC8219452 DOI: 10.5624/isd.20200324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to assess the usefulness of machine learning and automation techniques to match pairs of panoramic radiographs for personal identification. Materials and Methods Two hundred panoramic radiographs from 100 patients (50 males and 50 females) were randomly selected from a private radiological service database. Initially, 14 linear and angular measurements of the radiographs were made by an expert. Eight ratio indices derived from the original measurements were applied to a statistical algorithm to match radiographs from the same patients, simulating a semi-automated personal identification process. Subsequently, measurements were automatically generated using a deep neural network for image recognition, simulating a fully automated personal identification process. Results Approximately 85% of the radiographs were correctly matched by the automated personal identification process. In a limited number of cases, the image recognition algorithm identified 2 potential matches for the same individual. No statistically significant differences were found between measurements performed by the expert on panoramic radiographs from the same patients. Conclusion Personal identification might be performed with the aid of image recognition algorithms and machine learning techniques. This approach will likely facilitate the complex task of personal identification by performing an initial screening of radiographs and matching ante-mortem and post-mortem images from the same individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrielly Garcia Ortiz
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Hermes Soares
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Cauduro da Rosa
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Edgard Michel-Crosato
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Commonly available, everyday materials as non-conventional powders for the visualization of latent fingerprints. Forensic Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2021.100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
10
|
Mitchell G, Garrett BL. Battling to a draw: Defense expert rebuttal can neutralize prosecution fingerprint evidence. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Mitchell
- School of Law University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cadola L, Charest M, Lavallée C, Crispino F. The occurrence and genesis of transfer traces in forensic science: a structured knowledge database. CANADIAN SOCIETY OF FORENSIC SCIENCE JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2021.1890941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liv Cadola
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Québec, Canada
- Forensic Science Research Group (LCR), Département de chimie, biochimie, physique (UQTR), Québec, Canada
| | - Marina Charest
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Québec, Canada
- Forensic Science Research Group (LCR), Département de chimie, biochimie, physique (UQTR), Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Lavallée
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Québec, Canada
- Forensic Science Research Group (LCR), Département de chimie, biochimie, physique (UQTR), Québec, Canada
| | - Frank Crispino
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Québec, Canada
- Forensic Science Research Group (LCR), Département de chimie, biochimie, physique (UQTR), Québec, Canada
- Centre interuniversitaire de criminologie comparée (CICC, UQTR), Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cadola L, Charest M, Lavallée C, Crispino F. L’occurrence et la genèse des traces de transfert en criminalistique: une base de connaissances structurée. CANADIAN SOCIETY OF FORENSIC SCIENCE JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2021.1890942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liv Cadola
- Département de chimie, biochimie et physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Québec, Canada
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Criminalistique (LRC), Département de chimie, biochimie, physique, UQTR), Québec, Canada
| | - Marina Charest
- Département de chimie, biochimie et physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Québec, Canada
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Criminalistique (LRC), Département de chimie, biochimie, physique, UQTR), Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Lavallée
- Département de chimie, biochimie et physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Québec, Canada
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Criminalistique (LRC), Département de chimie, biochimie, physique, UQTR), Québec, Canada
| | - Frank Crispino
- Département de chimie, biochimie et physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Québec, Canada
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Criminalistique (LRC), Département de chimie, biochimie, physique, UQTR), Québec, Canada
- Centre universitaire de criminologie comparée (CICC), UQTR), Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gómez O, Ibáñez O, Valsecchi A, Bermejo E, Molina D, Cordón O. Performance analysis of real-coded evolutionary algorithms under a computationally expensive optimization scenario: 3D–2D Comparative Radiography. Appl Soft Comput 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
14
|
Application of intraoral scanner to identify monozygotic twins. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:268. [PMID: 33008463 PMCID: PMC7532102 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA base identification is a proper and high specificity method. However, identification could be challenged in a situation where there is no database or the DNA sequence is almost identical, as in the case of monozygotic (MZ) twins. The aim of this study was to introduce a novel forensic method for distinguishing between almost identical MZ twins by means of an intraoral scanner using the 3D digital pattern of the human palate. METHODS The palatal area of 64 MZ twins and 33 same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twins (DZSS) and seven opposite-sex dizygotic twins (DZOS) were scanned three times with an intraoral scanner. From the scanned data, an STL file was created and exported into the GOM Inspect® inspection software. All scans within a twin pair were superimposed on each other. The average deviation between scans of the same subject (intra-subject deviation, ISD) and between scans of the two siblings within a twin pair (intra-twin deviation, ITD) was measured. One-sided tolerance interval covering 99% of the population with 99% confidence was calculated for the ISD (upper limit) and the ITD (lower limit). RESULTS The mean ISD of the palatal scan was 35.3 μm ± 0.78 μm. The calculated upper tolerance limit was 95 μm. The mean ITD of MZ twins (406 μm ± 15 μm) was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than the ISD, and it was significantly lower than the ITD of DZSS twins (594 μm ± 53 μm, p < 0.01) and the ITD of DZOS twins (853 μm ± 202 μm, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The reproducibility of palatal intraoral scans proved to be excellent. The morphology of the palate shows differences between members of MZ twins despite their almost identical DNA, indicating that this method could be useful in forensic odontology.
Collapse
|
15
|
Crispino F, Roux C, Delémont O, Ribaux O. Is the (traditional) Galilean science paradigm well suited to forensic science? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wfs2.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Crispino
- Chimie, biochimie et physique Université du Québec à Trois‐Rivières Trois‐Rivieres Quebec Canada
| | - Claude Roux
- Centre for Forensic Science University of Technology Sydney Broadway New South Wales Australia
| | - Olivier Delémont
- Ecole des sciences criminelles Université de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Olivier Ribaux
- Ecole des sciences criminelles Université de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fonseca GM, Ortíz-Contreras J, Ramírez-Lagos C, López-Lázaro S. Lip print identification: Current perspectives. J Forensic Leg Med 2019; 65:32-38. [PMID: 31054404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Lip print identification has been proposed as an additional tool for crime investigation because of the supposed uniqueness of labial grooves; however, critics of the validity and reliability for methods and techniques redefined standards and requirements in order to consider this discipline a real forensic identification science. During our research we identified recent literature, presented here, which although extensive, have focused almost entirely on anthropological topics with outdated references which were not from primary sources and, furthermore, were erroneously quoted. Currently, authors continue to use the concept of lip pattern uniqueness, yet the greatest part of their research has failed to support this hypothesis under current scientific standards. Concepts and designs needed to evaluate materials for lip print development - the isolation of DNA, evaluation of inter-rater reliability in identifying their patterns or known potential rate of error - are scarcely mentioned in the reviewed literature. Lip print identification has been important historically, but the new paradigm makes the redefinition of the current research necessary to stop guesswork and speculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M Fonseca
- Centro de Investigación en Odontología Legal y Forense -CIO-, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Jorge Ortíz-Contreras
- Centro de Investigación en Odontología Legal y Forense -CIO-, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - Sandra López-Lázaro
- Centro de Investigación en Odontología Legal y Forense -CIO-, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Applications and challenges of forensic proteomics. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 297:350-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
18
|
Selection of test bites records as part of a forensic bite mark analysis protocol. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-018-0053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
19
|
van Mastrigt NM, Celie K, Mieremet AL, Ruifrok ACC, Geradts Z. Critical review of the use and scientific basis of forensic gait analysis. Forensic Sci Res 2018; 3:183-193. [PMID: 30483668 PMCID: PMC6201773 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2018.1503579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the scientific basis of forensic gait analysis and evaluates its use in the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Denmark, following recent critique on the admission of gait evidence in Canada. A useful forensic feature is (1) measurable, (2) consistent within and (3) different between individuals. Reviewing the academic literature, this article found that (1) forensic gait features can be quantified or observed from surveillance video, but research into accuracy, validity and reliability of these methods is needed; (2) gait is variable within individuals under differing and constant circumstances, with speed having major influence; (3) the discriminative strength of gait features needs more research, although clearly variation exists between individuals. Nevertheless, forensic gait analysis has contributed to several criminal trials in Europe in the past 15 years. The admission of gait evidence differs between courts. The methods are mainly observer-based: multiple gait analysts (independently) assess gait features on video footage of a perpetrator and suspect. Using gait feature databases, likelihood ratios of the hypotheses that the observed individuals have the same or another identity can be calculated. Automated gait recognition algorithms calculate a difference measure between video clips, which is compared with a threshold value derived from a video gait recognition database to indicate likelihood. However, only partly automated algorithms have been used in practice. We argue that the scientific basis of forensic gait analysis is limited. However, gait feature databases enable its use in court for supportive evidence with relatively low evidential value. The recommendations made in this review are (1) to expand knowledge on inter- and intra-subject gait variabilities, discriminative strength and interdependency of gait features, method accuracies, gait feature databases and likelihood ratio estimations; (2) to compare automated and observer-based gait recognition methods; to design (3) an international standard method with known validity, reliability and proficiency tests for analysts; (4) an international standard gait feature data collection method resulting in database(s); (5) (inter)national guidelines for the admission of gait evidence in court; and (6) to decrease the risk for cognitive and contextual bias in forensic gait analysis. This is expected to improve admission of gait evidence in court and judgment of its evidential value. Several ongoing research projects focus on parts of these recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina M. van Mastrigt
- Department of Digital Technology and Biometry, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Celie
- Department of Digital Technology and Biometry, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan L. Mieremet
- Department of Digital Technology and Biometry, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Arnout C. C. Ruifrok
- Department of Digital Technology and Biometry, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Zeno Geradts
- Department of Digital Technology and Biometry, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Intelligent Information Systems, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jarman KH, Heller NC, Jenson SC, Hutchison JR, Kaiser BLD, Payne SH, Wunschel DS, Merkley ED. Proteomics Goes to Court: A Statistical Foundation for Forensic Toxin/Organism Identification Using Bottom-Up Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3075-3085. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin H. Jarman
- Applied Statistics and Computational Modeling Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Natalie C. Heller
- Applied Statistics and Computational Modeling Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sarah C. Jenson
- Chemical and Biological Signatures Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Janine R. Hutchison
- Chemical and Biological Signatures Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Brooke L. Deatherage Kaiser
- Chemical and Biological Signatures Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Samuel H. Payne
- Biological Sciences Division, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - David S. Wunschel
- Chemical and Biological Signatures Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Eric D. Merkley
- Chemical and Biological Signatures Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hu A, Arnold JB, Causby R, Jones S. The identification and reliability of static and dynamic barefoot impression measurements: A systematic review. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 289:156-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
22
|
Rivera-Mendoza F, Martín-de-Las-Heras S, Navarro-Cáceres P, Fonseca GM. Bite Mark Analysis in Foodstuffs and Inanimate Objects and the Underlying Proofs for Validity and Judicial Acceptance. J Forensic Sci 2017; 63:449-459. [PMID: 28691774 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Even though one of the first bite mark cases was Doyle v. State in 1954 (a bitten cheese case), the research has focused on bite marks inflicted in human skin. As published Papers, Case Reports, or Technical Notes can constitute precedents which are relied upon in making the legal arguments and a considerable amount of case law exists in this area, we present a systematic review on bite mark analysis in foodstuffs and inanimate objects and their underlying proofs for validity and judicial acceptance according to Daubert rulings. Results showed that there is vulnerability in these procedures, and it is essential to demand for focus scrutiny on the known error rates when such evidence is presented in trials. These kinds of bite marks are well documented; however, there has been little research in this field knowing that the protocols of analysis and comparison are the responsibility of the forensic odontologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rivera-Mendoza
- Faculty of Dentistry, Magister Program in Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Faculty of Dentistry, Laboratory of Forensic Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - Pablo Navarro-Cáceres
- Faculty of Dentistry, Magister Program in Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Faculty of Dentistry, CICO Research Centre in Dental Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gabriel M Fonseca
- Faculty of Dentistry, Magister Program in Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Faculty of Dentistry, Laboratory of Forensic Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Champod C. Fingerprint identification: advances since the 2009 National Research Council report. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 370:rstb.2014.0259. [PMID: 26101284 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper will discuss the major developments in the area of fingerprint identification that followed the publication of the National Research Council (NRC, of the US National Academies of Sciences) report in 2009 entitled: Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward. The report portrayed an image of a field of expertise used for decades without the necessary scientific research-based underpinning. The advances since the report and the needs in selected areas of fingerprinting will be detailed. It includes the measurement of the accuracy, reliability, repeatability and reproducibility of the conclusions offered by fingerprint experts. The paper will also pay attention to the development of statistical models allowing assessment of fingerprint comparisons. As a corollary of these developments, the next challenge is to reconcile a traditional practice dominated by deterministic conclusions with the probabilistic logic of any statistical model. There is a call for greater candour and fingerprint experts will need to communicate differently on the strengths and limitations of their findings. Their testimony will have to go beyond the blunt assertion of the uniqueness of fingerprints or the opinion delivered ispe dixit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Champod
- School of Criminal Justice, Faculty of Law, Criminal Justice and Public Administration, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bolton-King RS. Preventing miscarriages of justice: A review of forensic firearm identification. Sci Justice 2016; 56:129-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
26
|
Perez IE. Dental Patterns in Peruvians: A Panoramic Radiography Study. THE JOURNAL OF FORENSIC ODONTO-STOMATOLOGY 2015; 33:9-17. [PMID: 26851634 PMCID: PMC5788560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The dental pattern is defined as the combination of distinct codes assigned to describe specific tooth conditions including virgin, missing, and restored teeth that comprise the complete dentition or from discrete groups of teeth. This pattern can be then compared to the dentition of individual/s in an attempt to determine positive identification. The aims of the present investigation were to study and determine the diversity of dental patterns in Peruvian citizens based on a sample of panoramic radiographs. Digital panoramic radiographs of 900 adult Peruvian patients (450 female and 450 male) were evaluated to determine the dental patterns. The most frequent dental patterns found in the complete dentition, maxillae, upper-anterior and lower-anterior sextants were all-virgin-teeth (0.3%), all-extracted teeth (1.9%), all-virgin teeth (1%) and all-virgin-teeth (34.2% and 72.3%) respectively. The diversity was calculated by the use of the Simpson's diversity index, the resulting values for the full-dentition, maxilla and mandible were over the 99.8% value and were similar to those previously reported in the scientific literature. This study demonstrates the positive benefit of dental patterns in the process of identification. Additionally a combination of codes is proposed that could prove useful in cases where a better radiographic description is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan E Perez
- Oral Radiology, CEROMA - Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Lima, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Are human faces unique? A metric approach to finding single individuals without duplicates in large samples. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 257:514.e1-514.e6. [PMID: 26441304 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the forensic sciences it is inferred that human individuals are unique and thus can be reliably identified. The concept of individual uniqueness is claimed to be unprovable because another individual of same characteristics may exist if population size were infinite. It is proposed to replace "unique" with "singular" defined as a situation when only one individual in a specific population has a particular set of characteristics. The likelihood that in a population there will be no duplicate individual with exactly the same set of characteristics can be calculated from datasets of relevant characteristics. To explore singularity, the ANSUR database which contains anthropometric measurements of 3982 individuals was used. Eight facial metric traits were used to search for duplicates. With the addition of each trait, the chances of finding a duplicate were reduced until singularity was achieved. Singularity was consistently achieved at a combination of the maximum of seven traits. The larger the traits in dimension, the faster singularity was achieved. By exploring how singularity is achieved in subsamples of 200, 500, etc. it has been determined that about one trait needs to be added when the size of the target population increases by 1000 individuals. With the combination of four facial dimensions, it is possible to achieve a probability of finding a duplicate of the order of 10(-7), while, the combination of 8 traits reduces probability to the order of 10(-14), that is less than one in a trillion.
Collapse
|
28
|
Beaini TL, Duailibi-Neto EF, Chilvarquer I, Melani RFH. Human identification through frontal sinus 3D superimposition: Pilot study with Cone Beam Computer Tomography. J Forensic Leg Med 2015; 36:63-9. [PMID: 26408391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
As a unique anatomical feature of the human body, the frontal sinus morphology has been used for identification of unknown bodies with many techniques, mostly using 2D postero-anterior X-rays. With the increase of the use of Cone-Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT), the availability of this exam as ante-mortem records should be considered. The purpose of this study is to establish a new technique for frontal sinus identification through direct superimposition of 3D volumetric models obtained from CBCT exam, by testing two distinct situations. First, a reproducibility test, where two observers independently rendered models of frontal sinus from a sample 20 CBCT exams and identified them on each other's list. In the second situation, one observer tested the protocol and established on different exams of three individual. Using the open source DICOM viewer InVesallius(®) for rendering, Mesh Lab(®,) for positioning the models and CloudCompare for volumetric comparison, both observers matched cases with 100% accuracy and the level of coincidence in a identification situation. The uniqueness of the frontal sinus topography is remarkable and through the described technique, can be used in forensic as an identification method whenever both the sinus structure and antemortem computer tomography is available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Leite Beaini
- Anthropology and Legal Dentistry Laboratory of the University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, Postal Code (CEP) 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Israel Chilvarquer
- Radiology, Department of the University of São Paulo Dental School, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo F H Melani
- Legal Dentistry, Department of the University of São Paulo Dental School, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Carneiro JL, Santos A, Magalhães T, Afonso A, Caldas IM. Human identification using dental techniques: A case report. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2015; 55:78-81. [PMID: 24757022 DOI: 10.1177/0025802414531752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dental identification of skeletal remains frequently relies on data comparison. Comparative dental identification is used to establish with a high degree of certainty that the remains of a corpse and a person represented by ante-mortem dental records are the same individual. There is no minimum number of concordant points necessary to perform a positive identification; rather, each case is unique and should be treated as such. In this paper, we present a report of a case in which positive identification was made by a paramolar tubercle in both upper first deciduous molars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Luís Carneiro
- Departamento de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Santos
- Departamento de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Portugal Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, I.P. - Delegação do Norte, Portugal Escola de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade do Minho, Portugal Centro de Ciências Forenses - CENCIFOR, Portugal
| | - Teresa Magalhães
- Departamento de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Portugal Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, I.P. - Delegação do Norte, Portugal Escola de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade do Minho, Portugal Centro de Ciências Forenses - CENCIFOR, Portugal Instituto de Ciências Biomédica Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Américo Afonso
- Centro de Ciências Forenses - CENCIFOR, Portugal Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Morais Caldas
- Centro de Ciências Forenses - CENCIFOR, Portugal Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
The effects of extrinsic motivation on signature authorship opinions in forensic signature blind trials. Forensic Sci Int 2014; 236:127-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
32
|
|
33
|
Attard-Montalto N, Ojeda JJ, Reynolds A, Ismail M, Bailey M, Doodkorte L, de Puit M, Jones BJ. Determining the chronology of deposition of natural fingermarks and inks on paper using secondary ion mass spectrometry. Analyst 2014; 139:4641-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00811a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study thoroughly explores the use of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) for determining the deposition sequence of fingermarks and ink on a porous paper surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús J. Ojeda
- Experimental Techniques Centre (ETCbrunel)
- Brunel University
- Uxbridge, UK
| | - Alan Reynolds
- Experimental Techniques Centre (ETCbrunel)
- Brunel University
- Uxbridge, UK
| | - Mahado Ismail
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Surrey
- Guildford, UK
| | - Melanie Bailey
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Surrey
- Guildford, UK
| | | | - Marcel de Puit
- Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI)
- The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin J. Jones
- School of Applied Sciences
- University of Huddersfield
- Huddersfield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Christensen AM, Crowder CM, Ousley SD, Houck MM. Error and its Meaning in Forensic Science. J Forensic Sci 2013; 59:123-6. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Max M. Houck
- Department of Forensic Sciences; Consolidated Forensic Laboratory; Washington DC
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Martire KA, Kemp RI, Newell BR. The psychology of interpreting expert evaluative opinions. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2013.784361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
36
|
Practical relevance of pattern uniqueness in forensic science. Forensic Sci Int 2013; 231:403.e1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
37
|
Sheets HD, Bush PJ, Bush MA. Patterns of variation and match rates of the anterior biting dentition: characteristics of a database of 3D-scanned dentitions. J Forensic Sci 2013; 58:60-8. [PMID: 23311517 DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the variability of the anterior human dentition is essential in bitemark analysis. A collection of 1099 3D laser scans of paired maxillary and mandibular arches were studied using geometric morphometric methods. Analyses were performed without scale (shape only) and with scale (shape and size). Specimens differing by no more than experimentally obtained measurement error were counted as matches, or as indistinguishable. A total of 487 maxillary (396 size preserved), 131 mandibular (83 size preserved), and one paired dentition (two size preserved) matches were found. Principal component analysis and partial least squares revealed interpretable patterns of variation and covariation in dental shape, principally dominated by variation in dental arch width. The sensitivity of match rate to assumed degree of measurement error was also determined showing rapid increases in match rate as measurement error increased. In conclusion, the concept of dental uniqueness with regard to bitemark analysis should be approached with caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H David Sheets
- Department of Physics, Canisius College, 2001 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14208, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bacon SR, Ojeda JJ, Downham R, Sears VG, Jones BJ. The Effects of Polymer Pigmentation on Fingermark Development Techniques. J Forensic Sci 2013; 58:1486-94. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon R. Bacon
- Experimental Techniques Centre (ETCbrunel); Brunel University; Uxbridge Middlesex UB8 3PH U.K
| | - Jesus J. Ojeda
- Experimental Techniques Centre (ETCbrunel); Brunel University; Uxbridge Middlesex UB8 3PH U.K
| | - Rory Downham
- Chemistry, Home Office Science - Centre for Applied Science and Technology (CAST) Home Office, Woodcock Hill; Sandridge St. Albans AL4 9HQ U.K
| | - Vaughn G. Sears
- Chemistry, Home Office Science - Centre for Applied Science and Technology (CAST) Home Office, Woodcock Hill; Sandridge St. Albans AL4 9HQ U.K
| | - Benjamin J. Jones
- Experimental Techniques Centre (ETCbrunel); Brunel University; Uxbridge Middlesex UB8 3PH U.K
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gerules G, Bhatia SK, Jackson DE. A survey of image processing techniques and statistics for ballistic specimens in forensic science. Sci Justice 2013; 53:236-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
40
|
Evans S, Noorbhai S, Lawson Z, Stacey-Jones S, Carabott R. Contrast Enhancement of Bite Mark Images Using the Grayscale Mixer in ACR in Photoshop®. J Forensic Sci 2013; 58:804-10. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Evans
- Dental Illustration Unit; Cardiff University; Health Park Campus; Cardiff; U.K
| | - Suzanne Noorbhai
- Faculty of Health; Sport and Science; University of Glamorgan; Glamorgan; U.K
| | - Zoe Lawson
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health; Cardiff University; Cardiff; U.K
| | - Seren Stacey-Jones
- Media Resources Centre; Cardiff and Vale University Health Board; Cardiff; U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Attard Montalto N, Ojeda JJ, Jones BJ. Determining the order of deposition of natural latent fingerprints and laser printed ink using chemical mapping with secondary ion mass spectrometry. Sci Justice 2013; 53:2-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
42
|
Lake AW, James H, Berketa JW. Disaster victim identification: quality management from an odontology perspective. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2011; 8:157-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s12024-011-9286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|