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Liu W, Chen Y, Yin X, Liu F, Li W, Yu J, Jing G, Li W. A Rapid and on-Site detection of Pesticide Residue from Fruit Samples based on Surface Swab-Electrospray Ionization-Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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2
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Lee YJ, You HS, Lee SH, Lee SL, Lee H, Sung HJ, Kang HG, Hyun SH. Comparison of Optimal Storage Temperature and Collection Reagents for Living Bacterial Cells in Swab Samples. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2021.53.4.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Ju Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Hee Sang You
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Song Hee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - So Lip Lee
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Han Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Ho Joong Sung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Korea
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Hee Gyoo Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Korea
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Hyun
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Korea
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Korea
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3
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Novosselov IV, Coultas-McKenney CA, Miroshnik L, Kottapalli K, Ockerman B, Manley TE, Gardner MW, Lareau R, Brady J, Sweat M, Smith AR, Hargather MJ, Beaudoin S. Trace explosives sampling for security applications (TESSA) study: Evaluation of procedures and methodology for contact sampling efficiency. Talanta 2021; 234:122633. [PMID: 34364442 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The detection of trace amounts of explosive materials is critical to the security at mass transit centers (e.g., airports and railway stations). In a typical screening process, a trap is used to probe a surface of interest to collect and transfer particulate residue to a detector for analysis. The collection of residues from the surface being probed is widely viewed as the limiting step in this process. A multi-institutional study was performed to establish a methodology for the evaluation of sampling media collection efficiencies. Dry deposited residues of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), C-4 (an RDX-based explosive), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) were harvested from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic, ballistic nylon (NYL), and uncoated aluminum surfaces using muslin, Texwipe cotton, and stainless-steel mesh traps. Transfer and collection efficiencies of the sample media were calculated based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Dry transfer efficiencies (DTE%) to all tested surfaces were greater than 75%, with transfer to ABS plastic being the lowest. Collection efficiency (CE%) varied significantly across the traps and the surfaces, yet some conclusions can be drawn; nylon had the lowest CE% for all cases (∼10%), and the stainless steel mesh had the lowest CE% for the evaluated traps (∼20%). Though the testing parameters have been standardized among the participants to establish a framework for an independent comparison of contact sampling media and surfaces, substantial variations in the DTE% and the CE% were observed, suggesting that other variables can affect contact sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Novosselov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | - Leonid Miroshnik
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kalyan Kottapalli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Byron Ockerman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Richard Lareau
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Transportation Security Laboratory, Atlantic City, NJ, USA
| | - John Brady
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Transportation Security Laboratory, Atlantic City, NJ, USA
| | - Melissa Sweat
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Postdoctoral Fellow at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science & Technology Directorate, Transportation Security Laboratory, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen Beaudoin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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4
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Evans-Nguyen K, Stelmack AR, Clowser PC, Holtz JM, Mulligan CC. FIELDABLE MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR FORENSIC SCIENCE, HOMELAND SECURITY, AND DEFENSE APPLICATIONS. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:628-646. [PMID: 32722885 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is commonly used in forensic chemistry laboratories for sensitive, definitive analysis. There have been significant efforts to bring mass spectrometry analysis on-site through the development of ruggedized, fieldable instruments. Testing samples in the field is of particular interest in forensic science, homeland security, and defense applications. In forensic chemistry, testing seized drugs in the field can significantly improve efficiencies in processing of related criminal cases. The screening of passengers and luggage at transportation hubs is a critical need for homeland security for which mass spectrometry is well suited to provide definitive answers with low false positive rates. Mass spectrometry can yield reliable data for military personnel testing sites for potential chemical weapons release. To meet the needs of the forensic and security communities fieldable mass spectrometers based on membrane inlet systems and hybrid gas chromatography systems have been developed and commercialized. More recently developed ambient ionization mass spectrometry methods can eliminate the time, equipment, and expertise associated with sample preparation, and so are especially appealing for on-site analysis. We describe the development of fieldable mass spectrometry systems, with emphasis on commercially available systems that have been deployed for on-site analysis of seized drugs, chemical warfare agents, explosives, and other analytes of interest to the forensic and security communities. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenyon Evans-Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL
| | | | | | - Jessica M Holtz
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL
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5
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Kottapalli K, Novosselov IV. Aerodynamic resuspension and contact removal of energetic particles from smooth, rough, and fibrous surfaces. Talanta 2021; 231:122356. [PMID: 33965023 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Surface sampling for trace explosives residues is a critical step in the security screening in which microparticles are collected for subsequent chemical analysis. The current surface swabbing approach suffers from limited sampling area coverage, uncertainty in harvesting efficiencies, and user bias. Non-contact sampling has received interest due to its ability to interrogate large surface areas without the redeposition of the collected sample. However, the aerodynamic liberation of energetic particles from different types of substrates has not been parameterized or directly compared with the contact sampling methods. Here, we report aerodynamic resuspension rates of TNT, RDX, and HMX microparticles from smooth, rough, and fibrous surfaces. The resuspension thresholds are correlated to the boundary layer properties, i.e., wall shear stresses (τw = 50-500Pa). These rates are then compared to contact sampling for five commercial swabs using a standardized swabbing method. LC-MS analysis is used for the quantification of particle removal efficiencies. Contact sampling has an advantage over the low shear stress cases for particle liberation from the smooth surfaces. Aerodynamic particle resuspension rates increase with the wall shear stress. It shows better results for rough and fibrous surfaces than contact removal for tested analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Kottapalli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 4000 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Igor V Novosselov
- MEB 309, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 3900 E Stevens Way NE, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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6
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Şener H, Anilanmert B, Mavis ME, Gursu GG, Cengiz S. LC-MS/MS monitoring for explosives residues and OGSR with diverse ionization temperatures in soil & hands: 30 minutes for extraction + elution. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2021.00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA fast LC-APCI-MS/MS screening/confirmation method was developed and validated for trace analyses of 18 analytes which are explosives and organic gun shot residues including the challenging ones with diverse ionization conditions, in soil and on hands. (+) and (−) ionization modes were used after a single-step, low-volume solvent extraction procedure developed using methanol. Tape-lifting, stub, alcohol wipes, cotton bud were compared for collecting the residues from hands of a shooter. Tape-lifting and stub gave the highest recoveries and tape-lifting was chosen. Gradient elution system using ammonium chloride:methanol was developed. Whole procedure lasted approximately 30 min, was validated in both matrices, applied to real samples as post-blast residues, smokeless powder and the hands of a shooter, after shooting. Most of the recoveries were >80% and since all the precisions were <15%, quantitation was possible for all. Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ) values were: 0.2–54.1 and 0.3–190.0 ngg−1 in soil, and 0.2–132.3 and 1.1–355.0 ngg−1 in tape-lift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Şener
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Beril Anilanmert
- Institute of Forensic Sciences & Legal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Emrah Mavis
- R & D Center of SEM Laboratuar Cihazları Pazarlama San. ve Tic. Inc., Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokce Goksu Gursu
- R & D Center of SEM Laboratuar Cihazları Pazarlama San. ve Tic. Inc., Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Salih Cengiz
- Rumeli University, Vocational School of Health Services, Mehmet Balci Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Amaral M, Yasin S, Gibson A, Morgan R. Sampling of explosive residues: The use of a gelatine-based medium for the recovery of ammonium nitrate. Sci Justice 2020; 60:531-537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Liddell HPH, Merrill MH. In Situ Visualization of Particle Motions during Wipe Sampling of Explosives and Other Trace Particulate Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:23780-23788. [PMID: 31180633 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface texture tailoring has the potential to increase the effectiveness of dry particle collection wipes, as a wipe's topographical features control the intimate surface contact made with particles on the substrate (critical for van der Waals-governed adhesion). However, texture-tailoring approaches have not yet been widely explored, in part because of a lack of understanding of the specific wipe topographies and wipe/particle interactions that maximize particle collection. Here we describe an in situ optical microscopy technique that enables direct observation of micrometer-scale particle-wipe interactions occurring at the wipe-substrate interface during contact sampling. The technique is demonstrated for nonwoven meta-aramid (Nomex) collection wipes with particles ranging from 1 to 90 μm in diameter and substrates of different topographies (glass and nylon coil zipper). Experiments with hemispherically coated Janus particles allow rolling motions to be distinguished from sliding motions, providing detailed information about how particles move prior to capture or release by the wipe. Particle-fiber and particle-particle interactions are seen to play important roles in particle capture, suggesting that conventional sphere-on-plane models are inadequate to describe adhesion behavior in these systems. Micrographs show how loose, flexible fibers in roughened textile wipes interrogate the valleys of uneven substrate topographies, allowing capture of particles that might otherwise be trapped within the substrate's grooves and depressions. The materials used in this work are specifically relevant to explosives detection, but the in situ visualization technique is transferable for the study of any application involving dry particle collection, such as toxic substance sampling and dust removal.
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Targeted and non-targeted forensic profiling of black powder substitutes and gunshot residue using gradient ion chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry (IC-HRMS). Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1072:1-14. [PMID: 31146860 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel and simplified gradient IC-HRMS approach is presented in this work for forensic profiling of ionic energetic material residues, including low-order explosives and gunshot residue (GSR). This new method incorporated ethanolic eluents to facilitate direct coupling of IC and HRMS without auxiliary post-column infusion pumps that are traditionally used to assist with gas phase transfer. Ethanolic eluents also enabled better integration with an in-service protocol for direct analysis of high-order organic explosives by IC-HRMS, without requiring solvent exchange before injection. Excellent method performance was achieved, enabling both full scan qualitative and quantitative analysis, as required. In particular, linearity for 19 targeted compounds yielded R2 > 0.99 across several orders of magnitude, with trace analysis possible at the low-mid pg level. Reproducibility and mass accuracies were also excellent, with peak area %RSDs <10%, tR %RSDs <0.4% and δm/z < 3 ppm. The method was applied to targeted analysis of latent fingermarks and swabbed hand sweat samples to determine contact with a black-powder substitute containing nitrate, benzoate and perchlorate. When combined with principal component analysis (PCA), the effect of time since handling on recorded signals could be interpreted further in order to support forensic investigations. In a second, non-targeted application, PCA using full scan IC-HRMS data enabled classification of GSR from three different types of ammunition. An additional 20 markers of GSR were tentatively identified in silico, in addition to the 15 anions detected during targeted analysis. This new approach therefore streamlines and adds consistency and flexibility to forensic analysis of ionic energetic material. Furthermore, it also has implications for targeted, non-targeted and suspect screening applications in other fields by expanding the separation space to low molecular weight inorganic and organic anions.
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10
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McEneff GL, Richardson A, Webb T, Wood D, Murphy B, Irlam R, Mills J, Green D, Barron LP. Sorbent Film-Coated Passive Samplers for Explosives Vapour Detection Part B: Deployment in Semi-Operational Environments and Alternative Applications. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5816. [PMID: 29643411 PMCID: PMC5895787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of new sorbent-film coated passive samplers for capture of bulk commercial and military explosives vapours in operationally relevant spaces such as luggage, rooms, vehicles and shipping containers is presented. Samplers were easily integrated with in-service detection technologies with little/no sample preparation required. Ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN) was detected within 4 h in a container holding a suitcase packed with 0.2 kg Perunit 28E. Within a 22,000 dm3 room, 1 kg of concealed Seguridad was detected within 24 h and in an adjoining room within 7 days. Exposed samplers also successfully captured components of 1 kg TNT after 72 h and 1 kg concealed Perunit 28E after 6 h in both a furnished room and a large, partially filled shipping container. For the latter, samplers captured detectable residues outside the container after 24 h and were stable during wet weather for 72 h. A one-week trial at three operationally relevant venues including a university, a theatre and a government building revealed a nuisance positive rate of <1.4% (n = 72). Finally, two alternative applications are presented for extraction of liquid samples and use a particulate contact swab showing flexibility for a range of different search activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian L McEneff
- King's Forensics, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Alexandra Richardson
- King's Forensics, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Webb
- Threat Mitigation Technologies, Metropolitan Police Service, 113 Grove Park, London, SE5 8LE, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Wood
- Threat Mitigation Technologies, Metropolitan Police Service, 113 Grove Park, London, SE5 8LE, United Kingdom
| | - Bronagh Murphy
- King's Forensics, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Irlam
- King's Forensics, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Mills
- Air Monitors Ltd., 2/3 Miller Court, Severn Drive, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, GL20 8DN, United Kingdom
| | - David Green
- King's Forensics, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leon P Barron
- King's Forensics, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom.
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Robinson EL, Sisco E, Staymates ME, Lawrence JA. A New Wipe-Sampling Instrument for Measuring the Collection Efficiency of Trace Explosives Residues. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2018; 10:204-213. [PMID: 29881468 PMCID: PMC5986101 DOI: 10.1039/c7ay02694c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trace explosives detection, a crucial component of many security screening environments, commonly employs wipe-sampling. Since collection of an explosive residue is necessary for detection, it is important to have a thorough understanding of the parameters that affect the efficiency of collection. Current wipe-sampling evaluation techniques for explosive particles have their limits: manual sampling (with fingers or a wand) is limited in its ability to isolate a single parameter and the TL-slip/peel tester is limited to a linear sample path. A new wipe-sampling instrument, utilizing a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) 3D printer repurposed for its XYZ stage, was developed to address these limitations. This system allowed, for the first time, automated two-dimensional wipe-sampling patterns to be studied while keeping the force and speed of collection constant for the length of the sampling path. This new instrument is not only capable of investigating the same parameters as current technology (wipe materials, test surfaces, forces of collection, and linear sample patterns), it has added capabilities to investigate additional parameters such as directional wipe patterns (i.e. "L" and "U" shapes, square, and serpentine) and allowing for multiple lines to be sampled during a single collection without the need for adjustments by the user. In this work, parametric studies were completed using 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and the COTS 3D printer for wipe-sampling to establish collection efficiencies for numerous scenarios. Trace explosives detection in field screening environments could be greatly improved with the ability to comprehensively investigate how a wide range of parameters individually affect collection by wipe-sampling. A screener who knows how to properly interrogate any given surface will be much more efficient at detecting trace explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L. Robinson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Edward Sisco
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Matthew E. Staymates
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Lawrence
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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12
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Stability of smokeless powder compounds on collection devices. Forensic Sci Int 2017; 270:55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Nic Daeid N, Yu HA, Beardah MS. Investigating TNT loss between sample collection and analysis. Sci Justice 2016; 57:95-100. [PMID: 28284444 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Explosives residues are often collected from explosion scenes, and from surfaces suspected of being in contact with explosives, by swabbing with solvent-wetted cotton swabs. It is vital that any explosives traces present on the swabs are successfully extracted and detected when received in a laboratory. However, a 2007 proficiency test initiated by the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI) Expert Working Group on Explosives involving TNT-spiked cotton swabs highlighted that explosives may not always be detected from such samples. This paper outlines work performed to determine potential reasons for this finding. Cotton swabs were spiked using a solution of TNT and stored in nylon bags and glass vials for periods of 1, 2 and 4weeks. Simulated swab extracts were also prepared and investigated. The samples were stored in a freezer, or at room temperature either in the dark or exposed to daylight. Overall, the cotton swabs stored at room temperature and exposed to daylight showed a very rapid loss of TNT over time, whereas cotton swabs stored in the freezer, and all simulated swab extracts, gave high recoveries over time. These results will be of benefit for practicing forensic explosives laboratories and for persons undertaking cold-case reviews involving explosive-based samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Nic Daeid
- Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Holly A Yu
- Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Matthew S Beardah
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Fort Halstead, Sevenoaks, Kent TN14 7BP, UK
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14
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Optimisation of recovery protocols for double-base smokeless powder residues analysed by total vaporisation (TV) SPME/GC-MS. Talanta 2016; 158:368-374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Martín-Alberca C, Zapata F, Carrascosa H, Ortega-Ojeda FE, García-Ruiz C. Study of consumer fireworks post-blast residues by ATR-FTIR. Talanta 2016; 149:257-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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The development and comparison of collection techniques for inorganic and organic gunshot residues. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2567-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Staymates JL, Staymates ME, Lawrence J. The effect of reusing wipes for particle collection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY 2015; 19:41-49. [PMID: 27429581 PMCID: PMC4922414 DOI: 10.1007/s12127-015-0185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sample collection for Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) analysis is typically completed by swiping a collection wipe over a suspect surface to collect trace residues. The work presented here addresses the need for a method to measure the collection efficiency performance of surface wipe materials as a function of the number of times a wipe is used to interrogate a surface. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of wipe reuse, i.e., the number of times a wipe is swiped across a surface, on the overall particle collection and IMS response. Two types of collection wipes (Teflon coated fiberglass and Nomex) were examined by swiping multiple times, ranging from 0 to 1000, over representative surfaces that are common to security screening environments. Particle collection efficiencies were determined by fluorescence microscopy and particle counting techniques, and were shown to improve dramatically with increased number of swiping cycles. Ion mobility spectrometry was used to evaluate the chemical response of known masses of explosives (deposited after reusing wipes) as a function of the wipe reuse number. Results show that chemical response can be negatively affected, and greatly depends upon the conditions of the surface in which the wipe is interrogating. For most parameters tested, the PCE increased after the wipe was reused several times. Swiping a dusty cardboard surface multiple times also caused an increase in particle collection efficiency but a decrease in IMS response. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed significant surface degradation of the wipes on dusty cardboard at the micrometer spatial scale level for Teflon coated wipes. Additionally, several samples were evaluated by including a seven second thermal desorption cycle at 235°C into each swipe sampling interval in order to represent the IMS heating cycle. Results were similar to studies conducted without this heating cycle, suggesting that the primary mechanism for wipe deterioration is mechanical rather than thermal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Staymates
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Mailstop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - Matthew E. Staymates
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Mailstop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - Jeffrey Lawrence
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Mailstop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
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Romolo FS, Ferri E, Mirasoli M, D'Elia M, Ripani L, Peluso G, Risoluti R, Maiolini E, Girotti S. Field detection capability of immunochemical assays during criminal investigations involving the use of TNT. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 246:25-30. [PMID: 25460104 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saverio Romolo
- Legal Medicine Section-SAIMLAL Department, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 336, 00161 Roma, Italy; Institut de Police Scientifique, Université de Lausanne, Batiment Batochimie, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Elida Ferri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 15, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello D'Elia
- Emilia Romagna Regional Bureau of Scientific Police, Via Volto Santo 3, 40123 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Ripani
- Scientific Investigation Unit, Carabinieri Roma, Viale Tor di Quinto, 151, 00191 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Peluso
- Scientific Investigation Unit, Carabinieri Roma, Viale Tor di Quinto, 151, 00191 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberta Risoluti
- Department of Chemistry, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Maiolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 15, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Girotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 15, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Gong Z, Du H, Cheng F, Wang C, Wang C, Fan M. Fabrication of SERS swab for direct detection of trace explosives in fingerprints. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:21931-7. [PMID: 25455731 DOI: 10.1021/am507424v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Swab sampling is of great importance in surface contamination analysis. A cotton swab (cotton Q-tip) was successfully transformed into surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate (SERS Q-tip) through a bottom-up strategy, where Ag NPs were first self-assembled onto the Q-tip followed by in situ growing. The capability for direct swab detection of Raman probe Nile Blue A (NBA) and a primary explosive marker 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) using the SERS Q-tip was explored. It was found that at optimum conditions, a femotogram of NBA on glass surface could be swab-detected. The lowest detectable amount for 2,4-DNT is only ∼1.2 ng/cm(2) (total amount of 5 ng) on glass surface, 2 orders of magnitude more sensitive than similar surface analysis achieved with infrared technique, and comparable even with that obtained by ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry. Finally, 2,4-DNT left on fingerprints was also analyzed. It was found that SERS signal of 2,4-DNT from 27th fingerprint after touching 2,4-DNT powder can still be clearly identified by swabbing with the SERS Q-tip. We believe this is the first direct SERS swabbing test of explosives on fingerprint on glass. Considering its relative long shelf life (>30 d), the SERS Q-tip may find great potential in future homeland security applications when combined with portable Raman spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Gong
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu, 610031, China
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20
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Abdul-Karim N, Blackman CS, Gill PP, Wingstedt EMM, Reif BAP. Post-blast explosive residue – a review of formation and dispersion theories and experimental research. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04195j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Review of theoretical and experimental research relating to the formation and distribution of post-blast explosive residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Abdul-Karim
- Christopher Ingold Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- , UK
- Department of Security and Crime Science
| | - C. S. Blackman
- Christopher Ingold Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- , UK
| | - P. P. Gill
- Centre for Defence Chemistry
- Cranfield University
- Swindon, UK
| | | | - B. A. P. Reif
- Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI)
- Kjeller, Norway
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Szomborg K, Jongekrijg F, Gilchrist E, Webb T, Wood D, Barron L. Residues from low-order energetic materials: The comparative performance of a range of sampling approaches prior to analysis by ion chromatography. Forensic Sci Int 2013; 233:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Determining the effects of routine fingermark detection techniques on the subsequent recovery and analysis of explosive residues on various substrates. Forensic Sci Int 2013; 233:257-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Stability of explosive residues in methanol/water extracts, on alcohol wipes and on a glass surface. Forensic Sci Int 2013; 226:244-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Chen W, Hou K, Xiong X, Jiang Y, Zhao W, Hua L, Chen P, Xie Y, Wang Z, Li H. Non-contact halogen lamp heating assisted LTP ionization miniature rectilinear ion trap: a platform for rapid, on-site explosives analysis. Analyst 2013; 138:5068-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00555k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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25
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Establishing a universal swabbing and clean-up protocol for the combined recovery of organic and inorganic explosive residues. Forensic Sci Int 2012; 223:136-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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