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Yang Y, Xu B, Li D, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Yang L, Ye Y. A comprehensive LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous analysis of 65 synthetic cannabinoids in human hair samples and application to forensic investigations. J Forensic Leg Med 2024; 101:102636. [PMID: 38134471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) represent a diverse class of new psychoactive substances characterized by extensive substance variety and severe abuse implications. The current situation of synthetic cannabinoid abuse in China is getting worse, with an increasing number of SC variants emerging. Therefore, it is imperative to improve synthetic cannabinoid detecting methods to align with the prevalent abuse situation in the region. In this study, a reliable and validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of 65 SC analogues in human hair samples. The validation results demonstrated satisfactory linearity (r ≥ 0.99) within the range of 25-2500 pg/mg for each SC analogue. The method exhibited limits of detection ranging from 10 to 15 pg/mg and limits of quantification ranging from 25 to 40 pg/mg. The relative standard deviations of intra-day precision and inter-day precision were below 15 %. Furthermore, negligible matrix effects were observed, with recovery rates ranging from 85.70 % to 119.43 %. Analysis of abuser demographics revealed that the primary group engaged in SC analogue abuse consisted of adolescents, predominantly males, accounting for 79.5 % of cases. Among the suspected individuals, ADB-BUTINACA and MDMB-4en-PINACA were the most frequently detected substances. The present study develops a highly sensitive analytical method and provides a comprehensive overview of the prevalence of SC abuse in the eastern region of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Yang
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Buyi Xu
- National Anti-Drug Laboratory Sichuan Regional Center, Chengdu, 610299, Sichuan, China
| | - Daoxia Li
- Sichuan Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Qifu Zhang
- Sichuan Dingcheng Forensic Center, Chengdu, 610017, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610016, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Ye
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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An urgent health problem of indoor air pollution: results from a 15-years carbon monoxide poisoning observed study in Jinan City. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1619. [PMID: 36709374 PMCID: PMC9884191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a public health concern in developing countries especially in China with a high disease burden. We aimed to focus on non-occupational CO poisoning caused by household coal heating secular trends based on registry data in Jinan, China, and we aim to provide further evidence and suggestions for public health policy. We analyzed the occurrence and development trend and assess the spatial-temporal epidemiological characteristics of non-occupational CO poisoning caused by household coal heating in Jinan between 2007 and 2021. Among total of 6588 CO poisoning, 5616 cases (85.25%) and 180 deaths caused by household coal heating was identified during study period. The cumulative incidence rate was 5.78 per 100,000 person-years and the mortality rate was 0.19 per 100,000 person-years. The incidence in urban areas (6.55 per 100,000 person-years) was higher than rural areas (5.04 per 100,000 person-years), and there was a statistical difference between urban and rural (P < 0.001) (P < 0.001). The poisoning time point mainly occurs in the sleep stage. In Jinan, socioeconomic status, accessibility to health services and rural status are determinants for CO poisoning incidence and mortality. Implementation of urban and rural central heating renovation is an effective way to further reduce the disease burden of CO poisoning in the future.
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Tunçez FT, Sehlikoğlu K, Bilgin UE, Tokdemir M. Evaluation of forensic autopsy cases with substance use detected in Izmir, Turkey. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2022; 22:688-700. [PMID: 35499453 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2022.2068721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Using postmortem toxicological analyses, we aimed to determine the origin and cause of death and type of substance used in substance use-related deaths. A total of 7475 autopsies were performed between January 2015 and December 2017 in İzmir, Turkey. In our retrospective analysis, substance use was detected in 449 (6.0%) autopsies. The majority (96.4%) were male. The most frequent deaths (18.5%) occurred in the 25-29 age group. Of the 55.2% of the cases that died of unnatural causes, accident-related events (22.9%) were most frequent. Trauma/injury caused death in 37.0% of cases and substance intoxication in 24.7%. Cannabis use was detected in 34.3% of the samples, and multiple substance use in 25.4%. Accordingly, It is thought that a multidisciplinary approach can be successful in preventing substance use and related problems.
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Li S, Wang X, Bi G, Xin G, Qin S, Xu P, Wang Y. A retrospective analysis of data from illicit drug abuse cases in Beijing between 2018 and 2020. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2022; 58:102086. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Boedeker W, Watts M, Clausing P, Marquez E. The global distribution of acute unintentional pesticide poisoning: estimations based on a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1875. [PMID: 33287770 PMCID: PMC7720593 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human poisoning by pesticides has long been seen as a severe public health problem. As early as 1990, a task force of the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that about one million unintentional pesticide poisonings occur annually, leading to approximately 20,000 deaths. Thirty years on there is no up-to-date picture of global pesticide poisoning despite an increase in global pesticide use. Our aim was to systematically review the prevalence of unintentional, acute pesticide poisoning (UAPP), and to estimate the annual global number of UAPP. METHODS We carried out a systematic review of the scientific literature published between 2006 and 2018, supplemented by mortality data from WHO. We extracted data from 157 publications and the WHO cause-of-death database, then performed country-wise synopses, and arrived at annual numbers of national UAPP. World-wide UAPP was estimated based on national figures and population data for regions defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). RESULTS In total 141 countries were covered, including 58 by the 157 articles and an additional 83 by data from the WHO Mortality Database. Approximately 740,000 annual cases of UAPP were reported by the extracted publications resulting from 7446 fatalities and 733,921 non-fatal cases. On this basis, we estimate that about 385 million cases of UAPP occur annually world-wide including around 11,000 fatalities. Based on a worldwide farming population of approximately 860 million this means that about 44% of farmers are poisoned by pesticides every year. The greatest estimated number of UAPP cases is in southern Asia, followed by south-eastern Asia and east Africa with regards to non-fatal UAPP. CONCLUSIONS Our study updates outdated figures on world-wide UAPP. Along with other estimates, robust evidence is presented that acute pesticide poisoning is an ongoing major global public health challenge. There is a need to recognize the high burden of non-fatal UAPP, particularly on farmers and farmworkers, and that the current focus solely on fatalities hampers international efforts in risk assessment and prevention of poisoning. Implementation of the international recommendations to phase out highly hazardous pesticides by the FAO Council could significantly reduce the burden of UAPP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meriel Watts
- PAN Asia Pacific, P.O. Box 1170, 10850, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Emily Marquez
- PAN North America, 2029 University Ave., Suite 200, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
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Xiao L, Ye Y, Wang Y, Dai X, Fang S, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Wu H, Fu Y, Liao L. A 9-year retrospective study of poisoning-related deaths in Southwest China (Sichuan). Forensic Sci Int 2020; 318:110558. [PMID: 33208234 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Poisoning is an increasing and significant burden that causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this retrospective study, poisoning-related cases that occurred in 19 cities and prefectures in Sichuan, Southwest China, between 2010 and 2018 were collected from the West China Forensic Medical Center of Sichuan and Public Security Bureaus. A total of 782 poisoning-related deaths were recorded, and their demographic characteristics, season of death, type of poison, and manner and cause of death were analysed. Of these cases, the victims were predominantly male (65.3%), and the 21∼50-year-old age group included the most victims (63.2%). The rural incidence was 71%. The most common poisoning agent was pesticide (40%), followed by toxic gases (32%), and there were cases of poisoning by poisonous animals and plants that are not common in other regions of China. The predominant manner of poisoning death was accident (50%), followed by suicide (38.3%) and homicide (5.0%). In this study, relevant information on poisoning-related cases was collected and compared with the poisoning data from other areas of China and foreign countries to provide guidance for the formulation of public health policies in Sichuan, Southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Ye
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Criminal Investigation Bureau, The Department of Public Security of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyong Fang
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzi Zheng
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinqiang Fu
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linchuan Liao
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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A retrospective study of poisoning deaths from forensic autopsy cases in northeast China (Liaoning). J Forensic Leg Med 2019; 63:7-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Endosulfan poisoning: An overview. J Forensic Leg Med 2017; 51:27-33. [PMID: 28734199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endosulfan, an organochlorine (OC) insecticide, is a widely used agricultural pesticide, despite its life threatening toxic effects. In this review, the pharmacokinetics of endosulfan, mechanism of endosulfan toxicity, clinical presentations and management, histopathological findings, and toxicological analysis are described, in addition to its environmental toxicity. The toxic effects of endosulfan can affect many organs and systems presenting in a wide array of signs and symptoms. Although termed a restricted OC-classed pesticide, it continues to be used, especially in the developing world, owing to its beneficial effects on agriculture. Several cases of endosulfan poisoning have been reported from different regions of the world. Whether accidental or intentional, endosulfan ingestion proves to be fatal unless immediate, aggressive treatment is initiated. Management is mainly supportive as no antidote exists for endosulfan poisoning as yet. The use of endosulfan needs to be strictly regulated and eventually banned worldwide altogether to lower the current morbidity and mortality resulting from this pesticide. Additionally, monitoring biological samples, using non-invasive techniques such as breast milk sampling, can provide an effective method of observing the elimination of this environmentally persistent organic pollutant from the general population.
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Wang R, Zhuo L, Wang Y, Ren L, Liu Q, Liu L. Lessons learned from poisoning cases caused by 2 illegal rodenticides: Tetramine and fluoroacetamide. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5103. [PMID: 27741126 PMCID: PMC5072953 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetramine (tetramethylene disulphotetramine, TETS) and fluoroacetamide (FAA) are known as illegal rodenticides with high toxicity to animal species and human beings, which could lead to severe clinical features, including reduction of consciousness, convulsions, coma, and even death. METHODS AND RESULTS We presented 2 cases that involved rodenticides poisoning. Even though the patients showed severe manifestations, they were initially misdiagnosed, resulting in 2 persons finally died from TETS and FAA poisoning in homicide cases. CONCLUSION From the clinical and forensic experience of these 2 cases, we suggest that physicians should consider TETS and FAA poisoning when patients present generalized seizures, especially in some cases without clear cause and diagnosis of disease. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for positive management and criminal investigation in intentional poisoning cases. Moreover, clinical toxicology education should be reinforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongshuai Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Luo Zhuo
- Institute of Forensic Science, Fujian Provincial Department of Public Security, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Liang Ren
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
- Correspondence: Liang Liu, Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (e-mail: )
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Lu X, Li F, Chan HC(O, Jia H, Dai J, Ding X. Carbon monoxide poisoning deaths in Shanghai, China: A 10-year epidemiological and comparative study with the Wuhan sample. COGENT MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2015.1137131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Lu
- Criminal Science Institute, Pudong District of Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Wuhan Public Security Bureau, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Haipeng Jia
- Wuhan Public Security Bureau Qiaokou Branch, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianyu Dai
- Wuhan Public Security Bureau Jiang’an Branch, Wuhan, China
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Li F, Chan HC(O, Liu S, Jia H, Li H, Hu Y, Wang Z, Huang W. Carbon monoxide poisoning as a cause of death in Wuhan, China: A retrospective six-year epidemiological study (2009–2014). Forensic Sci Int 2015; 253:112-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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