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Carretero JM, Rodríguez L, García-González R, Arsuaga JL. Main morphological characteristics and sexual dimorphism of hominin adult femora from the Sima de los Huesos Middle Pleistocene site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:2575-2605. [PMID: 37794824 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The excellent fossil record from Sima de los Huesos (SH) includes three well-known complete adult femora and several partial specimens that have not yet been published in detail. This fossil record provides an opportunity to analyze the morphology of European pre-Neandertal adult femur and its variation with different evolution patterns. Currently, there are a minimum of five adult individuals (males or females). In this study, we compiled previously published basic anatomical and biometric characteristics of SH adult femora, emphasizing the most relevant features compared to other recent and fossil hominins. The SH femora exhibited a primitive morphological pattern common to all non-Homo sapiens femora, as well as most of the Neandertal traits. Therefore, the complete Upper Pleistocene Neandertal pattern was well-established in Middle Pleistocene ancestors long before the proper Neandertals appeared. Additionally, we highlight that the SH and Neandertal femora share some morphological traits and proportions with modern humans that hold sexual significance in our species, regardless of size. Keeping this in mind, we discussed the sex determination of the complete SH specimens and re-evaluated sex allocation in two of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Miguel Carretero
- Dpto. de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
- Unidad Asociada de I+D+i al CSIC, Vidrio y Materiales del Patrimonio Cultural (VIMPAC), Burgos, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Dpto. de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
- Area de Antropología Física, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Rebeca García-González
- Dpto. de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Juan-Luis Arsuaga
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Departamento de Paleontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Hernandez PA, Bradford JC, Brahmachary P, Ulman S, Robinson JL, June RK, Cucchiarini M. Unraveling sex-specific risks of knee osteoarthritis before menopause: Do sex differences start early in life? Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024:S1063-4584(24)01172-5. [PMID: 38703811 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sufficient evidence within the past two decades have shown that osteoarthritis (OA) has a sex-specific component. However, efforts to reveal the biological causes of this disparity have emerged more gradually. In this narrative review, we discuss anatomical differences within the knee, incidence of injuries in youth sports, and metabolic factors that present early in life (childhood and early adulthood) that can contribute to a higher risk of OA in females. DESIGN We compiled clinical data from multiple tissues within the knee joint-since OA is a whole joint disorder-aiming to reveal relevant factors behind the sex differences from different perspectives. RESULTS The data gathered in this review indicate that sex differences in articular cartilage, meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament are detected as early as childhood and are not only explained by sex hormones. Aiming to unveil the biological causes of the uneven sex-specific risks for knee OA, we review the current knowledge of sex differences mostly in young, but also including old populations, from the perspective of (i) human anatomy in both healthy and pathological conditions, (ii) physical activity and response to injury, and (iii) metabolic signatures. CONCLUSIONS We propose that to close the gap in health disparities, and specifically regarding OA, we should address sex-specific anatomic, biologic, and metabolic factors at early stages in life, as a way to prevent the higher severity and incidence of OA in women later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Hernandez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | | | - Priyanka Brahmachary
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Sophia Ulman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Movement Science Laboratory, Scottish Rite for Children, Frisco, TX 75034, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Robinson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Ronald K June
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar D-66421, Germany.
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Wysocka J, Cieślik AI, Danel DP. Sex estimation using measurements of the proximal femur in a historical population from Poland. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.18778/1898-6773.86.1.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex estimation is one of the most important components in assessing the biological profile of an individual. In an archaeological context, the pelvis, which is the most dimorphic part of the skeleton, is often poorly preserved, which can cause an inability to use morphological sex estimation methods. Therefore, alternative methods are required in such cases. Because the utility of the metric methods based on the femur measurement has been confirmed, and the bone is usually available for examination due to its good preservation, developing methods using the landmarks of the femur could have important implications in sex estimation.
This study aimed to derive a discriminant function equation for a Polish archaeological population based on measurements of the proximal end of the femur.
The study sample included individuals from a medieval cemetery in Milicz (n = 62) and an early modern necropolis at Czysty Square in Wrocław, Poland (n = 162). The analysis included seven measurements collected from the right and left proximal femora. To estimate the reproducibility of the measurements, intra-and interobserver errors and reliability coefficients were calculated. Subsequently, univariate and stepwise discriminant analyses were performed, and the sex sectioning points and equations were proposed.
No differences were observed between measurements of the right and left femora. The results indicated a high utility and reproducibility of the FHD measurement (regardless whether left or right femur was measured). The discriminant equations for sex estimation reached an accuracy of 83.0–92.3%, which implies the utility of the function on Polish historical populations when the other methods for sex estimation cannot be used.
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Kartal E, Etli Y, Asirdizer M, Hekimoglu Y, Keskin S, Demir U, Yavuz A, Celbis O. Sex estimation using foramen magnum measurements, discriminant analyses and artificial neural networks on an eastern Turkish population sample. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2022; 59:102143. [PMID: 36084487 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many studies have been conducted using the foramen magnum for sex estimation, recent findings have indicated that the discriminant and regression models obtained from the foramen magnum may not be reliable. Artificial Neural Networks, was used as a classification technique in sex estimation studies on some other bones, did not used in sex estimation studies on the foramen magnum until now. The aim of this study was sex estimation on an Eastern Turkish population sample using foramen magnum measurements, discriminant analyses and Artificial Neural Networks. METHODOLOGY The study was performed on the CT images of a total of 720 cases, comprising 360 males and 360 females. For sex estimation, discriminant analysis and Artificial Neural Networks were used. RESULTS The accuracy rate was 86.7% with discriminant analysis and when sex estimation accuracy was determined according to cases with posterior probabilities above 95%, the accuracy ranged from 0% to 33.3%. With the use of the discriminant formulas of 2 other studies, obtained from different Turkish samples, sex could be determined at a rate of 84.6%. Some formulas were found to be unsuccessful in sex estimation. Sex estimation accuracy of 88.2% was achieved with Artificial Neural Networks. CONCLUSION In this study, it was found that sex could be determined to some extent with discriminant formulas from other samples from the same population, although some formulas were unsuccessful. With the use of image processing techniques and machine learning algorithms, better results can be obtained in sex estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Kartal
- Assistant Professor of Forensic Medicine, Head of the Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Faculty of Van Yuzuncu, Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Yasin Etli
- Specialist of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Faculty Hospital of Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Asirdizer
- Professor of Forensic Medicine, Head of the Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Faculty of Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Yavuz Hekimoglu
- Associate Professor of Forensic Medicine, Ankara City Hospital of Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Siddik Keskin
- Professor of Biostatistics, Head of Biostatistics Department, Medical School of Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Ugur Demir
- Specialist of Forensic Medicine, Tokat Hospital of Health Sciences University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Yavuz
- Associate Professor of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Antalya Training and Research Hospital of Health Sciences University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Osman Celbis
- Professor of Forensic Medicine, Head of the Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Faculty of Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Lee DW, Lee J, Lee J, Ro DH, Lee MC, Han HS. A Flexible Intramedullary Guide Can Reduce the Anteroposterior Oversizing of Femoral Components Used in Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Osteoarthritis and Severe Distal Femoral Sagittal Bowing. J Knee Surg 2022; 35:1119-1125. [PMID: 33545726 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, a rigid intramedullary rod has been used as the reference guide for femoral cutting in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, correct positioning of this rigid rod is difficult, especially in the knees with severe distal femoral sagittal bowing. A flexible intramedullary rod has been developed to address this problem. This study was performed to compare the sagittal alignment and clinical outcomes of TKAs performed with flexible and rigid femoral intramedullary guides. Thirty-eight knees that underwent primary TKAs with flexible intramedullary rods as femoral cutting guides were matched according to patient height and sex with 38 knees that underwent TKAs using conventional rigid rods. Clinical outcomes, including the range of motion and functional scores, and radiological variables, including the distal femoral bowing angle (DFBA), femoral component flexion angle (FFA), and mediolateral overhang and anteroposterior (AP) oversizing of femoral components, were evaluated. Clinical and radiological outcomes did not differ significantly between the flexible rod and conventional rigid rod groups. A subgroup analysis of knees with severe distal femoral sagittal bowing (DFBA >4 degrees) showed that the FFA was significantly larger in the flexible rod group than in the rigid rod group, with an average difference of 3 degrees (5.2 ± 2.4 vs. 2.2 ± 1.6 degrees, respectively, p = 0.022). In addition, the incidence of AP oversizing of femoral components was lower in the flexible rod group than in the rigid rod group (11.1 vs. 60.0%, respectively, p = 0.027). Relative to TKA with a rigid rod, TKA performed with a flexible femoral intramedullary guide resulted in more flexed sagittal alignment of femoral components in patients with severe distal femoral sagittal bowing. This greater flexion of the femoral component resulted in less AP oversizing. However, the use of a flexible rod had no impact on short-term clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Weon Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joonhee Lee
- Division of Knee Surgery, CM Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junpyo Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Du Hyun Ro
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung Chul Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Soo Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Cartilage thickness and bone shape variations as a function of sex, height, body mass, and age in young adult knees. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11707. [PMID: 35810204 PMCID: PMC9271066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15585-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional relationship between bone and cartilage is modulated by mechanical factors. Scarce data exist on the relationship between bone shape and the spatial distribution of cartilage thickness. The aim of the study was to characterise the coupled variation in knee bone morphology and cartilage thickness distributions in knees with healthy cartilage and investigate this relationship as a function of sex, height, body mass, and age. MR images of 51 knees from young adults (28.4 ± 4.1 years) were obtained from a previous study and used to train a statistical shape model of the femur, tibia, and patella and their cartilages. Five multiple linear regression models were fitted to characterise morphology as a function of sex, height, body mass, and age. A logistic regression classifier was fitted to characterise morphological differences between males and females, and tenfold cross-validation was performed to evaluate the models’ performance. Our results showed that cartilage thickness and its distribution were coupled to bone morphology. The first five shape modes captured over 90% of the variance and described coupled changes to the bone and spatial distribution of cartilage thickness. Mode 1 (size) was correlated to sex (p < 0.001) and height (p < 0.0001). Mode 2 (aspect ratio) was also correlated to sex (p = 0.006) and height (p = 0.017). Mode 4 (condylar depth) was correlated to sex only (p = 0.024). A logistic regression model trained on modes 1, 2, and 4 could classify sex with an accuracy of 92.2% (95% CI [81.1%, 97.8%]). No other modes were influenced by sex, height, body mass, or age. This study demonstrated the coupled relationship between bone and cartilage, showing that cartilage is thicker with increased bone size, diaphysis size, and decreased femoral skew. Our results show that sex and height influence bone shape and the spatial distribution of cartilage thickness in a healthy young adult population, but body mass and age do not.
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Sex Estimation from the Clavicle Using 3d Reconstruction, Discriminant Analyses, and Neural Networks in an Eastern Turkish Population. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2022; 56:102043. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Hong E, Kwak DS, Kim IB. Morphological symmetry of the radius and ulna-Can contralateral forearm bones utilize as a reliable template for the opposite side? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258232. [PMID: 34613996 PMCID: PMC8494372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The most important precondition for correction of the affected forearm using data from the contralateral side is that the left and right bone features must be similar, in order to develop patient-specific instruments (PSIs) and/or utilize computer-assisted orthopedic surgery (CAOS). The forearm has complex anatomical structure, and most people use their dominant hand more than their less dominant hand, sometimes resulting in asymmetry of the upper limbs. The aim of this study is to investigate differences of the bilateral forearm bones through a quantitative comparison of whole bone parameters including length, volume, bowing, and twisting parameters, and regional shape differences of the forearm bones. In total, 132 bilateral 3D radii and ulnae 3D models were obtained from CT images, whole bone parameters and regional shape were analyzed. Statistically significant differences in whole bone parameters were not shown. Regionally, the radius shows asymmetry in the upper section of the central part to the upper section of the distal part. The ulna shows asymmetry in the lower section of the proximal part to the lower section of the central part. Utilizing contralateral side forearm bones to correct the affected side may be feasible despite regional differences in the forearm bones of around 0.5 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunah Hong
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Soon Kwak
- Department of Anatomy / Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (IBK); (DSK)
| | - In-Beom Kim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy / Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (IBK); (DSK)
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Morphometric Evaluation of Detailed Asymmetry for the Proximal Humerus in Korean Population. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13050862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Computer-assisted orthopedic surgery and patient-specific instruments are widely used in orthopedic fields that utilize contralateral side bone data as a template to restore the affected side bone. The essential precondition for these techniques is that the left and right bone features are similar. Although proximal humerus fracture accounts for 4% to 8% of all fractures, the bilateral asymmetry of the proximal humerus is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to investigate anthropometric differences of the bilateral proximal humerus. One hundred one pairs of Korean humerus CT data from 51 females and 50 males were selected for this research. To investigate bilateral shape differences, we divided the proximal humerus into three regions and the proximal humerus further into five sections in each region. The distance from the centroid to the cortical outline at every 10 degrees was measured in each section. Differences were detected in all regions of the left and right proximal humerus; however, males had a larger number of significant differences than females. Large bilateral differences were measured in the greater tubercle. Nevertheless, using contralateral data as a template for repairing an affected proximal humerus might be possible.
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Maijanen H, Junno JA, Keisu A, Niinimäki J, Lehenkari P, Oura P. Sex estimation from knee breadth dimensions in a Finnish population. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2021; 51:101873. [PMID: 33823332 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sex estimation is an important part of osteological analysis of skeletons and forensic identification process. Traditionally cranial and pelvic traits are utilized for accurate sex estimation. However, post-cranial measurements have also been proven to accurately estimate sex especially from robust bones such as the femur. In this study, we investigated the potential of knee breadth dimensions in sex estimation in a Finnish population. To conduct this study we utilized a study sample (n = 1654) belonging to the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. All individuals were 46 years of age at the time of the examination. Three knee breadth dimensions were measured from subjects' knee posteroanterior radiographs: femoral biepicondylar breadth (FBEB), mediolateral breadth of the femoral condyles (FCML), and mediolateral breadth of the tibial plateau (TPML). Sex estimation was performed using logistic regression. The study clearly demonstrated that all three measurements were different between males and females. Sectioning points for individual knee breadth measurements were 82.9 mm for FBEB, 76.6 mm for FCML and 75.4 mm for TPML. The classification rates ranged from 90.9% to 93.6%. The less commonly used measurements of FCML and TPML showed higher accuracy than FBEB in sex estimation. Our study confirmed that knee breadths can be successfully utilized to improve sex estimation in cases where the skeleton is only partially preserved and other major components of sex estimation are absent. We can also provide new standards for sex estimation from the knee joint in a Finnish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Maijanen
- Faculty of Humanities, Department of Archaeology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Juho-Antti Junno
- Faculty of Humanities, Department of Archaeology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Asla Keisu
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaakko Niinimäki
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petteri Oura
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Forensic Medicine Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Budhiparama NC, Lumban-Gaol I, Ifran NN, de Groot PCJ, Utomo DN, Nelissen RGHH. Mismatched knee implants in Indonesian and Dutch patients: a need for increasing the size. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021; 29:358-369. [PMID: 32162046 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-05914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric differences between knees of Indonesian Asians and Dutch Caucasians and the fit of nine different knee implant systems. METHODS A total of 268 anteroposterior (AP) and lateral knee preoperative radiographs from 134 consecutive patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty at two different centres in Jakarta and Leiden were included. Both patient groups were matched according to age and sex and included 67 Asians and 67 Caucasians. We assessed the radiographic differences between the Asian and Caucasian anthropometric data. The dimensions of the nine knee implant designs (Vanguard, Genesis II, Persona Standard, Persona Narrow, GK Sphere, Gemini, Attune Standard, Attune Narrow, and Sigma PFC) were compared with the patients' anthropometric (distal femur and proximal tibia) measurements. RESULTS The Dutch Caucasian patients had larger mediolateral (ML) and AP femoral and tibial dimensions than the Indonesian Asians. The aspect ratios of the distal femur and tibia were larger in Asians than in Caucasians. The AP and ML dimensions were mismatched between the tibial components of the nine knee systems and the Asian anthropometric data. Both groups had larger ML distal femoral dimensions than the knee systems. CONCLUSION Absolute and relative differences in knee dimensions exist not only between Asian and Caucasian knees but also within both groups. Not all TKA systems had a good fit with the Asian and Caucasian knee phenotypes. An increase in the range of available knee component sizes would be beneficial, although TKA remains an adequate compromise. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas C Budhiparama
- Nicolaas Institute of Constructive Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation for Arthroplasty and Sports Medicine, Medistra Hospital, Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto Kav. 59, Jakarta, 12950, Indonesia. .,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, University of Airlangga, Jl. Mayjend. Prof. Dr. Moestopo 6-8, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia. .,Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Imelda Lumban-Gaol
- Nicolaas Institute of Constructive Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation for Arthroplasty and Sports Medicine, Medistra Hospital, Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto Kav. 59, Jakarta, 12950, Indonesia
| | - Nadia Nastassia Ifran
- Nicolaas Institute of Constructive Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation for Arthroplasty and Sports Medicine, Medistra Hospital, Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto Kav. 59, Jakarta, 12950, Indonesia
| | - Pieter C J de Groot
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dwikora Novembri Utomo
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, University of Airlangga, Jl. Mayjend. Prof. Dr. Moestopo 6-8, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Rob G H H Nelissen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Carvallo D, Retamal R. Sex estimation using the proximal end of the femur on a modern Chilean sample. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL: REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2020.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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13
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Cuzzullin MC, Curate F, Freire AR, Costa ST, Prado FB, Daruge Junior E, Cunha E, Rossi AC. Validation of anthropological measures of the human femur for sex estimation in Brazilians. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2020.1729411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Curate
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - Eugénia Cunha
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Laboratory of Forensic Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Rossi
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
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14
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Everhart JS, Kirven JC, Higgins J, Hair A, Chaudhari AAMW, Flanigan DC. The relationship between lateral epicondyle morphology and iliotibial band friction syndrome: A matched case-control study. Knee 2019; 26:1198-1203. [PMID: 31439366 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS) is an overuse injury with pain at the level of the knee lateral epicondyle. We sought to determine whether there is greater knee lateral epicondyle prominence among patients with ITBFS versus matched controls. METHODS Seventy five patients with ITBFS and 75 age-, height-, and sex-matched controls (n = 150 total patients) with knee magnetic resonance imaging from 2015 to 2017 were included. All cases had a diagnosis of ITBFS and a lack of other identified lateral knee injuries on magnetic resonance imaging. Controls had medial knee pain with medial meniscus tear on MRI and no clinical evidence of ITBFS. Lateral knee epicondyle height in millimeters was measured. RESULTS Mean patient age was 39.1 years (SD 15.1), 57% were female, and mean height was 170.0 cm (SD 9.3) with no difference between cases and controls. Mean lateral epicondyle height for cases was 13.1 mm (SD 1.6) and for controls was 12.2 (SD 1.4) with a mean difference of 0.9 mm (95% CI 0.4-1.3 mm) between matched pairs (p < 0.001). Mean epicondyle height:condylar AP width ratio was 0.211 (SD 0.023) for cases and 0.198 (SD 0.020) for controls with a mean difference of 0.013 (95% CI 0.006-0.020) between matched pairs (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There is a significant association between greater lateral epicondyle prominence and IT band friction syndrome, suggesting another anatomic risk factor for this multifactorial condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Everhart
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - James C Kirven
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - John Higgins
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Andrew Hair
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Ajit A M W Chaudhari
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - David C Flanigan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America.
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15
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Lee UY, Kim H, Song JK, Kim DH, Ahn KJ, Kim YS. Assessment of nasal profiles for forensic facial approximation in a modern Korean population of known age and sex. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2019; 42:101646. [PMID: 31751793 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2019.101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The nose is a valuable facial feature for facial recognition and approximation. We propose the use of regression functions to predict nasal profiles comprising the structures around the piriform aperture using CT-based 3D models. We examined craniofacial reconstruction models acquired from computed tomographic images of Korean adults (188 males and 201 females). Eighteen measurements using 16 craniometric landmarks were measured on 3D craniofacial models. We conducted a descriptive analysis with comparisons according to sex, and simple linear regression analyses to obtain regression functions. Using multiple regression analyses with sex and age as independent variables, multiple regression equations were developed with coefficient of determination R2 ranging from 0.314 to 0.724, meaning that the equations for known sex and age were better for the prediction of nasal profiles than equations that assumed only known sex. These equations are useful and practical for reconstructing nasal profiles in forensic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- U-Young Lee
- Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy·Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; Center for Korean Studies, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 1881 East-West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Hankyu Kim
- Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy·Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Song
- Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy·Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Kim
- Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy·Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook-Jin Ahn
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Suk Kim
- Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy·Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Turan MK, Oner Z, Secgin Y, Oner S. A trial on artificial neural networks in predicting sex through bone length measurements on the first and fifth phalanges and metatarsals. Comput Biol Med 2019; 115:103490. [PMID: 31606585 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.103490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predicting sex is an important problem in forensic medicine. The femur, patella, mandible and calcaneus bones are frequently used in predicting sex. In our study, we aimed to use the artificial neural network (ANN) technique to predict sex by measuring the values of the phalanges of the first and fifth toes and the first and fifth metatarsal bones. METHOD All bone measurements were conducted on the direct X-ray images of 176 males and 178 females in the age range of 24-60 years. The multilayer perceptron classifier (MLPC) input layer included parameters on the bone length measurements of phalanx proximalis I, phalanx distalis I, metatarsal I, phalanx proximalis V, phalanx medialis V, phalanx distalis V and metatarsal V. The output layer contained two neurons to define the male and female sexes. The present study used an MLPC model that had two hidden layers, and the first and second hidden layers contained 14 and 7 nodes, respectively. RESULTS The model had an overall accuracy (Acc) of 0.95, specificity (Spe) of 0.97, sensitivity (Sen) of 0.95 and Matthews correlation coefficient (Mcc) of 0.92. While the sex prediction success of our proposed model was higher in women, the results were more specific in men and more sensitive in women (AccMale = 0.93, AccFemale = 0.98, SenMale = 0.93, SpeMale = 0.98, SenFemale = 0.98 and SpeFemale = 0.93). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the ANN model for length measurements on small bones is a highly effective instrument for sex prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zulal Oner
- Department of Anatomy, Karabuk University, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Secgin
- Department of Anatomy, Karabuk University, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Serkan Oner
- Department of Radiology, Karabuk University, Karabük, Turkey
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17
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Fliss B, Luethi M, Fuernstahl P, Christensen AM, Sibold K, Thali M, Ebert LC. CT-based sex estimation on human femora using statistical shape modeling. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 169:279-286. [PMID: 30927271 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Estimating the sex of decomposed corpses and skeletal remains of unknown individuals is one of the first steps in the identification process in forensic contexts. Although various studies have considered the femur for sex estimation, the focus has primarily been on a specific single or a handful of measurements rather than the entire shape of the bone. In this article, we use statistical shape modeling (SSM) for sex estimation. We hypothesize that the accuracy of sex estimation will be improved by using the entire shape. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this study, we acquired a total of 61 femora from routine postmortem CT scans at the Institute for Forensic Medicine of the University of Zurich. The femora were extracted using segmentation technique. After building a SSM, we used the linear regression and nonlinear support vector machine technique for classification. RESULTS Using linear logistic regression and only the first principal component of the SSM, 76% of the femora were correctly classified by sex. Using the first five principal components, this value could be increased to 80%. Using nonlinear support vector machines and the first 20 principal components increased the rate of correctly classified femora to 87%. DISCUSSION Despite some limitations, the results obtained by using SSM for sex estimation in femur were promising and confirm the findings of other studies. Sex estimation accuracy, however, is not significantly improved over single or multiple linear measurements. Further research might improve the sex determination process in forensic anthropology by using SSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Fliss
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Luethi
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Fuernstahl
- Universitätsklinik Balgrist, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ken Sibold
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Thali
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lars C Ebert
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,3D Center Zurich, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Li K, Cavaignac E, Xu W, Cheng Q, Telmon N, Huang W. Morphometric evaluation of the knee in Chinese population reveals sexual dimorphism and age-related differences. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2018; 42:2349-2356. [PMID: 29464370 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-018-3826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Morphologic data of the knee is very important in the design of total knee prostheses. Generally, the designs of the total knee prostheses are based on the knee anatomy of Caucasian population. Moreover, in forensic medicine, a person's age and sex might be estimated by the shape of their knees. The aim of this study is to utilize three-dimensional morphometric analysis of the knee in Chinese population to reveal sexual dimorphism and age-related differences. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sexually dimorphic differences and age-related differences of the distal femur were studied by using geometric morphometric analysis of ten osteometric landmarks on three-dimensional reconstructions of 259 knees in Chinese population. General Procrustes analysis, PCA, and other discriminant analysis such as Mahalanobis and Goodall's F test were conducted for the knee to identify sexually dimorphism and age-related differences of the knee. RESULTS The shape of distal femur between the male and female is significantly different. A difference between males and females in distal femur shape was identified by PCA; PC1 and PC2 accounted for 61.63% of the variance measured. The correct sex was assigned in 84.9% of cases by CVA, and the cross-validation revealed a 81.1% rate of correct sex estimation. The osteometric analysis also showed significant differences between the three age-related subgroups (< 40, 40-60, > 60 years, p < 0.005). CONCLUSION This study showed both sex-related difference and age-related difference in the distal femur in Chinese population by 3D geometric morphometric analysis. Our bone measurements and geometric morphometric analysis suggest that population characteristics should be taken into account and may provide references for design of total knee prostheses in a Chinese population. Moreover, this reliable, accurate method could be used to perform diachronic and interethnic comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Etienne Cavaignac
- Institut de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nobert Telmon
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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19
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Virtual computed tomography morphometry of the patella for estimation of sex using postmortem Japanese adult data in forensic identification. Forensic Sci Int 2017; 285:206.e1-206.e6. [PMID: 29338906 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In forensic anthropological identification of human remains and single bones, computed tomography (CT) data analysis facilitates volumetric and radiographic density analyses, and a recently developed automated analysis system markedly improved the performance, accuracy, and reproducibility of three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction. The present study aimed to investigate virtual CT morphometry of the patella for the estimation of sex using postmortem CT data of forensic autopsy cases of Japanese individuals aged ≥18 years (total n=220; 110 males and 110 females; estimated postmortem interval <88h), especially with regard to the efficacy of 3-D bone volumetry. Sex-related differences were detected for all parameters (males>females; p<0.0001), but the differences were the most notable for bone mass volume; the estimated cut-off values (cm3) for discriminating males and females were 20.35 with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.85 and 0.91 for the left side and 19.96 with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.83 and 0.92 for the right side, respectively. The mean CT value showed an age-dependent decrease and was particularly low in females aged >60years. These findings indicate the efficacy of virtual CT morphometry of the patella using an automated analyzer for sex estimation.
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20
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Morphometric Analysis and Classification of the Cross-Sectional Shape of the C2 Lamina. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7276946. [PMID: 29147657 PMCID: PMC5632859 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7276946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A thorough understanding of the morphology of the lamina of the second cervical vertebra (C2) is important for safe C2 translaminar screw placement. Although anatomical characteristics of the C2 lamina have been widely documented, individual differences in morphology have not been addressed. The aim of this study was to morphometrically analyze the cross-sectional shape of the C2 lamina and classify the shape to describe individual differences. Morphometric analysis was conducted on 145 three-dimensional C2 models based on computerized tomography images from Korean adult cadavers. Several parameters were measured on a cross-section image of the lamina model. Based on numerical criteria, all of the C2 lamina's cross-sectional shapes could be categorized into three distinctive morphological types: pyriform, ellipse, and obpyriform shapes. We confirmed that most Koreans can accommodate C2 translaminar screw placement with a lower limit of the 95% confidence interval of thickness measured at 6.26 mm. Morphometric analysis suggested that the obpyriform-shaped lamina (4.48%) is likely to require screw trajectory adjustment to avoid cortical breakout of the screw. Our results will enhance current anatomical understanding of the C2 lamina and thus facilitate safer C2 translaminar screw placement.
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21
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Uldin T. Virtual anthropology - a brief review of the literature and history of computed tomography. Forensic Sci Res 2017; 2:165-173. [PMID: 30483637 PMCID: PMC6197098 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2017.1369621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) has influenced numerous fields since its inception in the 1970s. The field of palaeoanthropology significantly benefited from this efficient and non-invasive medium in terms of the conservation, reconstruction and analysis of fossil human remains. Over the past decade, there has been a steady increase in the number of forensic anthropological studies incorporating virtual osteological analyses. Because of the increasing importance of these modern cross-sectional imaging techniques and the requirement for standardized parameters in forensic science, we deemed it important to outline the history and development of CT applications in these related academic areas. The present paper outlines the history of “virtual anthropology” and osteological multi-detector CT in the context of palaeoanthropology and forensic anthropology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Uldin
- Department of Medicine and Community Health, University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Cavaignac E, Savall F, Chantalat E, Faruch M, Reina N, Chiron P, Telmon N. Geometric morphometric analysis reveals age-related differences in the distal femur of Europeans. J Exp Orthop 2017; 4:21. [PMID: 28608283 PMCID: PMC5468359 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-017-0095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have looked into age-related variations in femur shape. We hypothesized that three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometric analysis of the distal femur would reveal age-related differences. The purpose of this study was to show that differences in distal femur shape related to age could be identified, visualized, and quantified using three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometric analysis. Methods Geometric morphometric analysis was carried out on CT scans of the distal femur of 256 subjects living in the south of France. Ten landmarks were defined on 3D reconstructions of the distal femur. Both traditional metric and geometric morphometric analyses were carried out on these bone reconstructions. These analyses were used to identify trends in bone shape in various age-based subgroups (<40, 40–60, >60). Results Only the average bone shape of the < 40-year subgroup was statistically different from that of the other two groups. When the population was divided into two subgroups using 40 years of age as a threshold, the subject's age was correctly assigned 80% of the time. Discussion Age-related differences are present in this bone segment. This reliable, accurate method could be used for virtual autopsy and to perform diachronic and interethnic comparisons. Moreover, this study provides updated morphometric data for a modern population in the south of France. Conclusion Manufacturers of knee replacement implants will have to adapt their prosthesis models as the population evolves over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Cavaignac
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France. .,Institut de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse, France.
| | - Frederic Savall
- Institut de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Chantalat
- Laboratoire d'anatomie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Faruch
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.,Institut de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Reina
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.,Institut de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Chiron
- Institut de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Norbert Telmon
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France
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23
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Impact of secular trends on sex assessment evaluated through femoral dimensions of the Czech population. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 262:284.e1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cavaignac E, Savall F, Faruch M, Reina N, Chiron P, Telmon N. Geometric morphometric analysis reveals sexual dimorphism in the distal femur. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 259:246.e1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Morphometric Evaluation of Korean Femurs by Geometric Computation: Comparisons of the Sex and the Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:730538. [PMID: 26413540 PMCID: PMC4564606 DOI: 10.1155/2015/730538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We measured 28 parameters of 202 femurs from Koreans by an automated geometric computation program using 3D models generated from computed tomography images. The measurement parameters were selected with reference to physical and forensic anthropology studies as well as orthopedic implant design studies. All measurements were calculated using 3D reconstructions on a computer using scientific computation language. We also analyzed sex and population differences by comparison with data from previous studies. Most parameters were larger in males than in females. The height, head diameter, head center offset, and chord length of the diaphysis, most parameters in the distal femur, and the isthmic width of the medullary canal were smaller in Koreans than in other populations. However, the neck-shaft angle, subtense, and width of the intercondylar notch in the distal femur were larger than those in other populations. The results of this study will be useful as a reference for physical and forensic anthropology as well as the design of medical devices suitable for Koreans.
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26
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Alunni V, Jardin PD, Nogueira L, Buchet L, Quatrehomme G. Comparing discriminant analysis and neural network for the determination of sex using femur head measurements. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 253:81-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Lee UY, Kim IB, Kwak DS. Sex determination using discriminant analysis of upper and lower extremity bones: New approach using the volume and surface area of digital model. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 253:135.e1-4. [PMID: 26117502 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study used 110 CT images taken from donated Korean cadavers to create 3-D models of the following upper and lower limb bones: the clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, hip bone (os coxa), femur, patella (knee cap), tibia, talus, and calcaneus. In addition, the bone volume and surface area were calculated to determine sex differences using discriminant analysis. Significant sex differences were found in all bones with respect to volume and surface area (p<0.01). The order of volume was the same in females and males (femur>hip bone>tibia>humerus>scapula), although the order of surface area was different. The largest surface area in men was the femur and in women was the hip bone (p<0.01). An interesting finding of this study was that the ulna is the bone with the highest accuracy for sex determination (94%). When using the surface area of multiple bones, the maximum accuracy (99.4%) was achieved. The equation was as follows: (discriminant equation of surface area; female<0<male)=0.060×clavicle+0.020×scapula+0.045×humerus+(-0.049)×radius+0.093×ulna+(-0.023)×hip bone+0.091×patella+(-0.052)×fibula+0.043×talus-11.548. These results show that bone volume and surface area of extremity bones can be used for sex determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- U-Young Lee
- Department of Anatomy/Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Beom Kim
- Department of Anatomy/Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Soon Kwak
- Department of Anatomy/Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Comparison on three classification techniques for sex estimation from the bone length of Asian children below 19 years old: An analysis using different group of ages. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 247:130.e1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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