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Bidmos MA, Loubser N, Brits D. Regression equations for stature reconstruction from the lower limb bones of contemporary White South Africans. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2023.2187084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natasha Loubser
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Human Variation and Identification Research Unit (HVIRU), Parktown, South Africa
| | - Desiré Brits
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Human Variation and Identification Research Unit (HVIRU), Parktown, South Africa
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Jeong Y, Taylor RJ, Jung Y, Woo EJ. Trotter and Gleser's (1958) equations outperform Trotter and Gleser's (1952) equations in stature estimation of the US White males. Forensic Sci Res 2023; 8:16-23. [PMID: 37415802 PMCID: PMC10265954 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trotter and Gleser presented two sets of stature estimation equations for the US White males in their 1952 and 1958 studies. Following Trotter's suggestion favouring the 1952 equations simply due to the smaller standard errors, the 1958 equations have been seldom used and have gone without additional systematic validation tests. This study aims to assess the performance of the Trotter and Gleser 1952, Trotter and Gleser 1958, and FORDISC equations for the White males in a quantitative and systematic way, particularly when applied to the WWII and Korean War casualties. In sum, 27 equations (7 from the 1952 study, 10 from the 1958 study, and 10 from FORDISC) were applied to the osteometric data of 240 accounted-for White male casualties of the WWII and Korean War. Then, the bias, accuracy, and Bayes factor for each set of stature estimates were calculated. The results show that, overall, Trotter and Gleser's 1958 equations outperform the 1952 and FORDISC equations in terms of all three measures. Particularly, the equations with higher Bayes factors produced stature estimates where distributions were closer to that of the reported statures than those with lower Bayes factors. When considering Bayes factors, the best performing equation was the "Radius" equation from the 1958 study (BF = 15.34) followed by the "Humerus+Radius" equation from FORDISC (BF = 14.42) and the "Fibula" equation from the 1958 study (BF = 13.82). The results of this study will provide researchers and practitioners applying the Trotter and Gleser stature estimation method with a practical guide for equation selection. Key Points The performance of three stature estimation methods was compared quantitatively.Trotter and Gleser's (1952, 1958) and FORDISC White male equations were included.Overall, Trotter and Gleser's 1958 method outperformed the other methods.This study provides a practical guide for stature estimation equation selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangseung Jeong
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, USA
| | - Rebecca J Taylor
- Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency-Laboratory, Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hickam, USA
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Stature estimation by semi-automatic measurements of 3D CT images of the femur. Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:359-377. [PMID: 36474127 PMCID: PMC9902306 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stature estimation is one of the most basic and important methods of personal identification. The long bones of the limbs provide the most accurate stature estimation, with the femur being one of the most useful. In all the previously reported methods of stature estimation using computed tomography (CT) images of the femur, laborious manual measurement was necessary. A semi-automatic bone measuring method can simplify this process, so we firstly reported a stature estimation process using semi-automatic bone measurement software equipped with artificial intelligence. Multiple measurements of femurs of adult Japanese cadavers were performed using automatic three-dimensional reconstructed CT images of femurs. After manually setting four points on the femur, an automatic measurement was acquired. The relationships between stature and five femoral measurements, with acceptable intraobserver and interobserver errors, were analyzed with single regression analysis using the standard error of the estimate (SEE) and the coefficient of determination (R2). The maximum length of the femur (MLF) provided the lowest SEE and the highest R2; the SEE and R2 in all cadavers, males and females, respectively, were 3.913 cm (R2 = 0.842), 3.664 cm (R2 = 0.705), and 3.456 cm (R2 = 0.686) for MLF on the right femur, and 3.837 cm (R2 = 0.848), 3.667 cm (R2 = 0.705), and 3.384 cm (R2 = 0.699) for MLF on the left femur. These results were non-inferior to those of previous reports regarding stature estimation using the MLF. Stature estimation with this simple and time-saving method would be useful in forensic medical practice.
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Proximal femur in biological profile estimation – Current knowledge and future directions. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2022; 58:102081. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chainchel Singh MK, Lai PS, Sidek S, Mohd Noor MH, Abdul Rashid SN, Siew SF. Stature estimation of Malaysians using post-mortem computed tomography images of the spine. PROCEEDINGS OF SINGAPORE HEALTHCARE 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/20101058221122305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stature estimation is important in medical investigations to identify victims and is most accurate using anatomical methods utilizing the entire skeleton. However, in cases of mass fatalities, it has been calculated using regression analysis formulas of different body parts. Radiology especially post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) is increasingly being used in victim identification as it is non- invasive and allows for multi planar reconstruction. Methods This study aims to generate stature estimation formulae using regression analysis of the vertebral column incorporating population that form the Malaysian ancestry i.e. Malay, Chinese and Indian using PMCT. This was a retrospective study involving 115 subjects who had a PMCT. Subjects consisted of Malaysian males and females (92 males and 23 females) aged 18–70 years. Cervical length (CL), thoracic length (TL), lumbar length and the whole spine length (WSL) incorporating cervical, thoracic and lumbar length were compared against cadaveric length. Results Whole spine length had the highest correlation coefficient of 0.570 and showed highest correlation with cadaveric length among female subjects compared to males. Whole spine length amongst the Malay was the highest followed by the Chinese and Indian ethnic groups (r = 0.671, 0.629, 0.402). Conclusion Our study concluded that the use of WSL from PMCT images can be used for body height estimation amongst Malaysians. This study has also successfully generated population-specific database for Malaysian experts to perform stature estimation using measurements of the vertebral column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansharan Kaur Chainchel Singh
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sg Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sg Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- National Institute of Forensic Medicine, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Poh Soon Lai
- National Institute of Forensic Medicine, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sabrilhakim Sidek
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sg Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Helmee Mohd Noor
- National Institute of Forensic Medicine, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Radiology Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Nizam Abdul Rashid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sheue Feng Siew
- National Institute of Forensic Medicine, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kim J, Lee S, Choi I, Jeong Y, Woo EJ. A comparative analysis of Bayesian age-at-death estimations using three different priors and Suchey-Brooks standards. Forensic Sci Int 2022; 336:111318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Park S, Yi Y, Tsengel B, Kim J, Chun DI, Won SH, Min TH, Park JH, Lee M, Cho J. Adult Stature Estimation from Radiographic Metatarsal Length in a Contemporary Korean Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910363. [PMID: 34639663 PMCID: PMC8508081 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ability to estimate stature can be important in the identification of skeletal remains. This study aims to develop a Korean-specific equation predicting stature using radiographic measurements in the contemporary Korean population. 200 healthy Korean adults, including 102 males and 98 females, were randomly selected (age, range 20–86 years). The first and second metatarsals of the foot were measured by a standing X-ray using a digital medical image viewer. The result showed a statistically significant correlation between metatarsal length and stature in Korean populations (male, R = 0.46, p < 0.001; female, R = 0.454, p < 0.001). Values of correlation coefficients (R) of the equations were 0.431 to 0.477. Compared to equations derived from other races, the Korean-specific equation showed significantly lower error values for estimating the actual height of Koreans through cross-validation. In conclusion, this study is the first to propose a Korean-specific regression formula for estimating stature using metatarsal length and a verified formula for precise application to the Korean population. However, given the relatively low correlation coefficient, the stature estimation formula derived from this study can be utilized when other bones that allow more accurate stature estimation are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Park
- Department of Biostatistics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea;
- Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Young Yi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul 04551, Korea;
| | - Battur Tsengel
- Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, Korea;
| | - Jahyung Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Armed Force Gangneung Hospital, Gangneung 25422, Korea;
| | - Dong-Il Chun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea; (D.-I.C.); (S.-H.W.); (T.-H.M.)
| | - Sung-Hun Won
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea; (D.-I.C.); (S.-H.W.); (T.-H.M.)
| | - Tae-Hong Min
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea; (D.-I.C.); (S.-H.W.); (T.-H.M.)
| | - Jeong-Hyun Park
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Kangwon 24341, Korea; (J.-H.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Mijeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Kangwon 24341, Korea; (J.-H.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Jaeho Cho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-240-5198
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Mohamed I, Saleem M, Zulkifly NR, Ismail D, Mohamed Huri MA, Hisham S, Mahat NA. Estimation of stature from hand and handprint measurements in a monoethnic Maldivian population. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2020.1759685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Mohamed
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Forensic Services, Maldives Police Service, Male, Republic of Maldives
| | - Mohamed Saleem
- Forensic Services, Maldives Police Service, Male, Republic of Maldives
| | | | - Dzulkiflee Ismail
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | | | - Salina Hisham
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hospital Serdang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Naji A. Mahat
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Research Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
- Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
- Centre of Research for Fiqh Forensics and Judiciary, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Malaysia
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Jeong Y, Harris AP, Ali O, Jung Y. Bayes factor: A useful tool to quantitatively evaluate and compare performance of multiple stature estimation equations. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 312:110299. [PMID: 32371283 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
When stature estimation of incomplete skeletal remains is necessary, researchers select an estimation equation which will produce the most accurate estimates. The purpose of this study is to propose that, given prior information of a target sample, the Bayes factor can be a useful tool to quantitatively evaluate and compare performance of multiple equations in this regard. This study also explores the best-performing equations to reconstruct statures of Korean War casualties with a demonstration of equation comparisons by the Bayes factor. Thirty-three sets of stature estimates were generated using different equations based on the osteometric data of the Korean War casualties. The distribution of each set was compared to that of the population (i.e., Korean servicemen during the Korean War) using the Bayes factors and posterior probabilities generated by the R codes in the LearnBayes package. A higher Bayes factor indicates a closer similarity between the two distributions under comparison. The equation with the highest Bayes factor in this study was Choi et al.'s (1997) humerus equation (bf=9.84), followed by the femur equation of the same authors (bf=5.3). The Bayesian approach has advantages over the traditional frequentist approach primarily based on the p-value. Particularly, the Bayes factor can provide practical interpretations on the models under comparison, which allows for a quantitative prioritization of different models. Researchers can obtain more accurate stature estimates of a target sample by using the equation of the highest Bayes factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangseung Jeong
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA.
| | - Ashlin P Harris
- Computational Science, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Omar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Yochun Jung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.
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Jeong Y, Jeong G, Pergande S, Lee K. Generating a Vertebrae‐based Method to Discriminate between Korean and U.S. White Male Casualties from the Korean War,. J Forensic Sci 2019; 64:1776-1781. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangseung Jeong
- Department of Biology Middle Tennessee State University 1301 E Main Street Murfreesboro TN 37132
| | - Gyorae Jeong
- Department of Police Science Korean National Police University 100‐50 Hwangsan‐gil, Sinchang‐myeon Asan‐si Chungcheongnam‐do 31539 South Korea
| | - Simon Pergande
- Forensic Science Program Middle Tennessee State University 1301 E Main Street Murfreesboro TN 37132
| | - Keunjae Lee
- Department of Economics Pusan National University Busandaehak‐ro 63 beon‐gil, Geumjeong‐gu Busan 46241 South Korea
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Ismail NA, Abd Khupur NH, Osman K, Mansar AH, Shafie MS, Mohd Nor F. Stature estimation in Malaysian population from radiographic measurements of upper limbs. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-018-0055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Reynolds MS, MacGregor DM, Alston-Knox CL, Meredith M, Barry MD, Schmutz B, Gregory LS. Bayesian modeling predicts age and sex are not required for accurate stature estimation from femoral length. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 289:452.e1-452.e14. [PMID: 29885921 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recognized flaws in applying traditional stature estimation equations such as those of Trotter and Gleser (1952) [5] to a contemporary population, there are currently no available alternatives for stature estimation in Australia that address these limitations. Post mortem computed tomography (PMCT) DICOM scans of the left and right femora were acquired from 76 Australian deceased individuals aged 17-76 years for metric analysis. Femoral bicondylar length, femoral epicondylar breadth and anterior-posterior (AP) diameter, medial-lateral (ML) diameter, circumference and cortical area at the femoral midshaft were measured on three-dimensional (3D) models to build statistical models for estimating stature. In addition, Australian individuals aged 16-63 years (n=111) were measured in standing and supine positions to aid in the adjustment of supine stature of deceased individuals utilized in this study to standing stature. The results of this preliminary evaluation strongly indicate that the optimal model for estimating stature includes bicondylar femoral length and epicondylar breadth, that the effect of sex as an independent variable is very low, and there is limited practical benefit in including age in the estimation of stature. Our study indicates that the Australian population sampled represents a small yet significant shift in stature from the original Trotter and Gleser sample. Additionally, in the case of fragmentary remains, it was found that epicondylar breadth and AP diameter had the highest probability of accurate stature estimation in the absence of bicondylar femoral length. As stature forms a significant component of a biological profile and therefore aids in the personal identification of human remains, it is important that forensic anthropologists utilize the most accurate methodologies available. Stature estimation of Australian individuals is therefore achieved with higher accuracy through utilizing the femoral equations proposed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela S Reynolds
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Donna M MacGregor
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Clair L Alston-Knox
- Griffith Social and Behavioural Research College, Griffith University, Mt. Gravatt, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew Meredith
- Forensic Pathology, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark D Barry
- Visualisation Facilities, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Beat Schmutz
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laura S Gregory
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Howley D, Howley P, Oxenham MF. Estimation of sex and stature using anthropometry of the upper extremity in an Australian population. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 287:220.e1-220.e10. [PMID: 29636199 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Stature and a further 8 anthropometric dimensions were recorded from the arms and hands of a sample of 96 staff and students from the Australian National University and The University of Newcastle, Australia. These dimensions were used to create simple and multiple logistic regression models for sex estimation and simple and multiple linear regression equations for stature estimation of a contemporary Australian population. Overall sex classification accuracies using the models created were comparable to similar studies. The stature estimation models achieved standard errors of estimates (SEE) which were comparable to and in many cases lower than those achieved in similar research. Generic, non sex-specific models achieved similar SEEs and R2 values to the sex-specific models indicating stature may be accurately estimated when sex is unknown.
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Jeong Y, Woo EJ. Analytical Review of the Forensic Anthropological Techniques for Stature Estimation in Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.11637/kjpa.2018.31.4.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangseung Jeong
- Department of Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, USA
| | - Eun Jin Woo
- Department of History, College of Liberal Art, Sejong University, Korea
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Jeong Y, Jantz LM. Caveats in Using Trotter and Gleser's (1958) Asian Equations for Stature Estimation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.11637/kjpa.2016.29.3.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangseung Jeong
- Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency-Laboratory, Department of Defense, USA
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