1
|
Francis S, Makoviychuck Y, Chavoinik L, Borgel S, Pokhojaev A, Roul V, Peled N, May H. A new method for sex estimation based on femoral cross-sectional geometry measurements and its validation using recent and ancient populations. Int J Legal Med 2023:10.1007/s00414-023-03009-x. [PMID: 37148346 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Estimating sex is a fundamental task in biological and forensic anthropology. This study aimed to develop new methods for sex estimation based on femoral cross-sectional geometry (CSG) variables and to test their applicability in recent and ancient assemblages. The sample was divided into a study group (living individuals, N = 124) for creating sex prediction equations and two test groups: living individuals (N = 31) and prehistoric individuals (N = 34). The prehistoric sample was divided into three subgroups according to subsistence strategy (hunter-gatherers, early farmers that also hunted, and farmers and herders). Femoral CSG variables (size, strength, and shape) were measured from CT images using dedicated software. Discriminant functions for sex estimation were calculated for various bone completeness scenarios and validated using the test groups. Size and strength parameters were sexually dimorphic, while shape was not. Discriminant functions for sex estimation produced success rates in the living sample between 83.9 and 93.5%; the distal shaft yielded the highest results. Success rates were lower among the prehistoric test sample, with better results (83.3%) for the mid-Holocene population (farmers and herders) than for earlier groups (e.g., hunter-gatherers; < 60%). These results were compared with those obtained using other methods for sex estimation based on various skeletal elements. This study provides new, reliable, and simple methods with high success rates for sex estimation based on femoral CSG variables obtained automatically from CT images. Discriminant functions were created for various conditions of femoral completeness. However, these functions should be used carefully in past populations from different settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Francis
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, the Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Bio-History Research, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yulia Makoviychuck
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, the Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Bio-History Research, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liron Chavoinik
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, the Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Bio-History Research, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sarah Borgel
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, the Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Bio-History Research, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Pokhojaev
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, the Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Bio-History Research, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Victoria Roul
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, the Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Bio-History Research, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathan Peled
- Radiology Department, Elisha Hospital, 3463626, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hila May
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- The Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, the Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Bio-History Research, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Banyeh M, Bani SB, Pathak R, Yakubu DD, Amankwaah E, Ahmed L. Sex estimation from the percutaneous lengths of the femur and the ulna in a Ghanaian population using discriminant function analysis. CANADIAN SOCIETY OF FORENSIC SCIENCE JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2022.2028358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moses Banyeh
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Simon Bannison Bani
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Rahul Pathak
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dennis Dogara Yakubu
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Nasarawa State Polytechnic, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Amankwaah
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Lukeman Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bakici RS, Oner Z, Oner S. The analysis of sacrum and coccyx length measured with computerized tomography images depending on sex. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-021-00227-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sex estimation is vital in establishing an accurate biological profile from the human skeleton, as sex influences the analysis of other elements in both Physical and Forensic Anthropology and Legal Medicine. The present study was conducted to analyze the sex differences between the sacrum and coccyx length based on the measurements calculated with computed tomography (CT) images. One hundred case images (50 females, 50 males) who were between the ages of 25 and 50 and admitted by the emergency department between September 2018 and June 2019 and underwent CT were included in the study. Eighteen lengths, 4 curvature lengths, and 2 regions were measured in sagittal, coronal and transverse planes with orthogonal adjustment for three times.
Results
It was stated that the mean anterior and posterior sacral length, anterior and posterior sacrococcygeal length, anterior and posterior sacral curvature length, anterior coccygeal curvature length, sacral area, lengths of transverse lines 1, 2, 3 and 4, sacral first vertebra transverse and sagittal length measurements were longer in males when compared to females (p < 0.05). It was noted that the parameter with the highest discrimination value in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was the sacral area (AUC = 0.88/Acc = 0.82). Based on Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis findings, the discrimination rate was 96% for males, 92% for females and the overall discrimination rate was 94%.
Conclusions
It was concluded that the fourteen parameters that were indicated as significant in the present study could be used in anthropology, Forensic Medicine and Anatomy to predict sex.
Collapse
|
4
|
Maijanen H, Junno JA, Keisu A, Niinimäki J, Lehenkari P, Oura P. Sex estimation from knee breadth dimensions in a Finnish population. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2021; 51:101873. [PMID: 33823332 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sex estimation is an important part of osteological analysis of skeletons and forensic identification process. Traditionally cranial and pelvic traits are utilized for accurate sex estimation. However, post-cranial measurements have also been proven to accurately estimate sex especially from robust bones such as the femur. In this study, we investigated the potential of knee breadth dimensions in sex estimation in a Finnish population. To conduct this study we utilized a study sample (n = 1654) belonging to the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. All individuals were 46 years of age at the time of the examination. Three knee breadth dimensions were measured from subjects' knee posteroanterior radiographs: femoral biepicondylar breadth (FBEB), mediolateral breadth of the femoral condyles (FCML), and mediolateral breadth of the tibial plateau (TPML). Sex estimation was performed using logistic regression. The study clearly demonstrated that all three measurements were different between males and females. Sectioning points for individual knee breadth measurements were 82.9 mm for FBEB, 76.6 mm for FCML and 75.4 mm for TPML. The classification rates ranged from 90.9% to 93.6%. The less commonly used measurements of FCML and TPML showed higher accuracy than FBEB in sex estimation. Our study confirmed that knee breadths can be successfully utilized to improve sex estimation in cases where the skeleton is only partially preserved and other major components of sex estimation are absent. We can also provide new standards for sex estimation from the knee joint in a Finnish population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heli Maijanen
- Faculty of Humanities, Department of Archaeology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Juho-Antti Junno
- Faculty of Humanities, Department of Archaeology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Asla Keisu
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaakko Niinimäki
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petteri Oura
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Forensic Medicine Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|