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Huang J, Zhang A, Yang Q, Ding Y, Xiao Z. Degradation of nitrocellulose film under aerobic conditions by a newly isolated Rhodococcus pyridinivorans strain. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 413:131464. [PMID: 39278364 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
The explosive and biorefractory nature of nitrocellulose (NC) poses major risks to both humans and the environment. Expanding the range of microorganisms capable of degrading NC is essential, though the most effective known microorganisms, Desulfovibrio genera and Fusarium solani, achieve degradation rates of 5%-25%. Here, a novel strain, Rhodococcus pyridinivorans LZ1 was isolated, demonstrating the ability to degrade NC, with its growth potentially enhanced by the presence of NC. The degradation process was monitored by assessing changes in nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium. Notably, the -OH strength of NC increased over time, whereas the energetic functional groups (-NO2 and O-NO2) diminished. Furthermore, the presence of NC enhanced nitrate esterase activity 1-2-fold, indicating that ammonification was the primary pathway for NC biodegradation. By converting the nitrate ester of NC into hydroxyl, R. pyridinivorans LZ1 mitigates the harmful effects of NC, offering a promising approach for the treatment of NC waste and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210094, China; Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Alei Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Technology University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Luzhou North Chemical Industry Co. Ltd, Sichuan, Luzhou 646605, China
| | - Yajun Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210094, China; Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Zhongliang Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210094, China; Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210094, China
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Kesic B, McCann N, Bowerbank SL, Standley T, Liechti J, Dean JR, Gallidabino MD. Forensic profiling of smokeless powders (SLPs) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS): a systematic investigation into injector conditions and their effect on the characterisation of samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1907-1922. [PMID: 38332189 PMCID: PMC10901999 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05189-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Smokeless powders (SLPs) are composed of a combination of thermolabile and non-thermolabile compounds. When analysed by GC-MS, injection conditions may therefore play a fundamental role on the characterisation of forensic samples. However, no systematic investigations have ever been carried out. This casts doubt on the optimal conditions that should be adopted in advanced profiling applications (e.g. class attribution and source association), especially when a traditional split/splitless (S/SL) injector is used. Herein, a study is reported that specifically focused on the evaluation of the liner type (Ltype) and inlet temperature (Tinj). Results showed that both could affect the exhaustiveness and repeatability of the observed chemical profiles, with Ltype being particularly sensitive despite typically not being clarified in published works. Perhaps as expected, degradation effects were observed for the most thermolabile compounds (e.g. nitroglycerin) at conditions maximising the heat transfer rates (Ltype = packed and Tinj ≥ 200 °C). However, these did not seem to be as influential as, perhaps, suggested in previous studies. Indeed, the harshest injection conditions in terms of heat transfer rate (Ltype = packed and Tinj = 260 °C) were found to lead to better performances (including better overall %RSDs and LODs) compared to the mildest ones. This suggested that implementing conditions minimising heat-induced breakdowns during injection was not necessarily a good strategy for comparison purposes. The reported findings represent a concrete step forward in the field, providing a robust body of data for the development of the next generation of SLP profiling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Kesic
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Niamh McCann
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Samantha L Bowerbank
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Troy Standley
- King's Forensics, Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Jana Liechti
- King's Forensics, Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - John R Dean
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Matteo D Gallidabino
- King's Forensics, Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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Bailey MJ, de Puit M, Romolo FS. Surface Analysis Techniques in Forensic Science: Successes, Challenges, and Opportunities for Operational Deployment. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2022; 15:173-196. [PMID: 35167323 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061020-124221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface analysis techniques have rapidly evolved in the last decade. Some of these are already routinely used in forensics, such as for the detection of gunshot residue or for glass analysis. Some surface analysis approaches are attractive for their portability to the crime scene. Others can be very helpful in forensic laboratories owing to their high spatial resolution, analyte coverage, speed, and specificity. Despite this, many proposed applications of the techniques have not yet led to operational deployment. Here, we explore the application of these techniques to the most important traces commonly found in forensic casework. We highlight where there is potential to add value and outline the progress that is needed to achieve operational deployment. We consider within the scope of this review surface mass spectrometry, surface spectroscopy, and surface X-ray spectrometry. We show how these tools show great promise for the analysis of fingerprints, hair, drugs, explosives, and microtraces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, Stag Hill Campus, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom;
| | - Marcel de Puit
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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Yang Z, Fan W, Ding Y, Xiao Z. Preparation and thermal performance of nitrocellulose coated by polydopamine. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education Nanjing China
| | - Wen‐Hao Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education Nanjing China
| | - Ya‐Jun Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education Nanjing China
| | - Zhong‐Liang Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education Nanjing China
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Merli D, Di Trocchio C, Capucciati A, Fabbris S, Profumo A, Cucca L, Donghi M. Bullet contribution to inorganic residue on targets. TALANTA OPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2021.100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Lee LC, Jemain AA. On overview of PCA application strategy in processing high dimensionality forensic data. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Sauzier G, van Bronswijk W, Lewis SW. Chemometrics in forensic science: approaches and applications. Analyst 2021; 146:2415-2448. [PMID: 33729240 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Forensic investigations are often reliant on physical evidence to reconstruct events surrounding a crime. However, there remains a need for more objective approaches to evidential interpretation, along with rigorously validated procedures for handling, storage and analysis. Chemometrics has been recognised as a powerful tool within forensic science for interpretation and optimisation of analytical procedures. However, careful consideration must be given to factors such as sampling, validation and underpinning study design. This tutorial review aims to provide an accessible overview of chemometric methods within the context of forensic science. The review begins with an overview of selected chemometric techniques, followed by a broad review of studies demonstrating the utility of chemometrics across various forensic disciplines. The tutorial review ends with the discussion of the challenges and emerging trends in this rapidly growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Sauzier
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Wilhelm van Bronswijk
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Simon W Lewis
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
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Gentile G, Tambuzzi S, Andreola S, Boracchi M, Gibelli L, Migliorini AS, Zoja R. Is it possible to detect lead derived from gunshot residues on decalcified human bone by means of a histochemical staining with sodium rhodizonate? Forensic Sci Int 2020; 316:110474. [PMID: 32882639 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study we have evaluated the detectability of lead deriving from Gunshot Residues (GSR) on human bone using colorimetric techniques as well as the possible interferences of decalcification on the stainability of these particles. 22 well preserved cadavers were divided into two groups: group A enlisted 11 victims deceased because of gunshot injuries (bones and soft tissues sampled in correspondence of the entry wound of the bullet)- and group B, comprehending 11 victims deceased for natural causes (specimens sampled from intact skin areas). All the samples, after decalcification processes for bone specimens with a 14 % HCl solution, underwent standard histological procedures and were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), sodium rhodizonate (Na-R) and acidified sodium rhodizonate (Na-R-HCl 5 %). Two additional slides of soft tissues for each group were pre-treated with HCl 14 % before being stained with likewise staining. In group A, 10 samples out of 11 resulted to be negative to Na-R and Na-R-HCl 5% techniques while all the corresponding soft tissues resulted to be positive for the same staining. Additional soft tissue slides processed with 14 % HCl solution were negative in 10 cases out of 11. No sample in group B showed positivity to the staining procedures neither with nor without pre-treatment with 14 % HCl. The search for GSR residues on human bone is therefore not executable with Na-R and Na-R-HCl 5 % techniques since the essential decalcifying procedure modifies the stainability of the residues therefore adulterating the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Gentile
- Laboratorio di Istopatologia Forense e Microbiologia Medico Legale, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 37, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Tambuzzi
- Laboratorio di Istopatologia Forense e Microbiologia Medico Legale, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 37, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Andreola
- Laboratorio di Istopatologia Forense e Microbiologia Medico Legale, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 37, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Boracchi
- Laboratorio di Istopatologia Forense e Microbiologia Medico Legale, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 37, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Ludovica Gibelli
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Zoja
- Laboratorio di Istopatologia Forense e Microbiologia Medico Legale, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 37, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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