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Bayode AA, Ore OT, Nnamani EA, Sotunde B, Koko DT, Unuabonah EI, Helmreich B, Omorogie MO. Perovskite Oxides: Syntheses and Perspectives on Their Application for Nitrate Reduction. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:19770-19785. [PMID: 38737083 PMCID: PMC11080040 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Over the decades, the rise in nitrate levels in the ecosystem has posed a serious threat to the continuous existence of humans, fauna, and flora. The deleterious effects of increasing levels of nitrates in the ecosystem have led to adverse health and environmental implications in the form of methemoglobinemia and eutrophication, respectively. Different pathways/routes for the syntheses of perovskites and their oxides were presented in this review. In recent times, electrocatalytic reduction has emerged as the most utilized technique for the conversion of nitrates into ammonia, an industrial feedstock. According to published papers, the efficiency of various perovskites and their oxides used for the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate achieved a high Faradaic efficiency of 98%. Furthermore, studies published have shown that there is a need to improve the chemical stability of perovskites and their oxides during scale-up applications, as well as their scalability for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajibola A. Bayode
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University
of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, P. R. China
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, P.M.B. 230, 232101 Ede, Nigeria
| | - Odunayo T. Ore
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Achiever’s
University, P.M.B. 1030, 341101 Owo, Nigeria
| | - Esther A. Nnamani
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, P.M.B. 230, 232101 Ede, Nigeria
- Environmental
Science and Technology Unit, African Centre of Excellence for Water
and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer’s
University, P.M.B. 230, 232101 Ede, Nigeria
| | - Babajide Sotunde
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, P.M.B. 230, 232101 Ede, Nigeria
- Environmental
Science and Technology Unit, African Centre of Excellence for Water
and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer’s
University, P.M.B. 230, 232101 Ede, Nigeria
| | - Daniel T. Koko
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, P.M.B. 230, 232101 Ede, Nigeria
- Environmental
Science and Technology Unit, African Centre of Excellence for Water
and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer’s
University, P.M.B. 230, 232101 Ede, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel I. Unuabonah
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, P.M.B. 230, 232101 Ede, Nigeria
- Environmental
Science and Technology Unit, African Centre of Excellence for Water
and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer’s
University, P.M.B. 230, 232101 Ede, Nigeria
| | - Brigitte Helmreich
- Chair
of Urban Water Systems Engineering, School
of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martins O. Omorogie
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, P.M.B. 230, 232101 Ede, Nigeria
- Environmental
Science and Technology Unit, African Centre of Excellence for Water
and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer’s
University, P.M.B. 230, 232101 Ede, Nigeria
- Chair
of Urban Water Systems Engineering, School
of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
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Gribov PS, Kondakova NN, Il'icheva NN, Stepanova ER, Denisyuk AP, Sizov VA, Dotsenko VD, Vinogradov DB, Bulatov PV, Sinditskii VP, Suponitsky KY, Il'in MM, Keshtov ML, Sheremetev AB. Energetic Polymer Possessing Furazan, 1,2,3-Triazole, and Nitramine Subunits. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119645. [PMID: 37298596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction using dialkyne and diazide comonomers, both bearing explosophoric groups, to synthesize energetic polymers containing furazan and 1,2,3-triazole ring as well as nitramine group in the polymer chain have been described. The developed solvent- and catalyst-free approach is methodologically simple and effective, the comonomers used are easily available, and the resulting polymer does not need any purification. All this makes it a promising tool for the synthesis of energetic polymers. The protocol was utilized to generate multigram quantities of the target polymer, which has been comprehensively investigated. The resulting polymer was fully characterized by spectral and physico-chemical methods. Compatibility with energetic plasticizers, thermochemical characteristics, and combustion features indicate the prospects of this polymer as a binder base for energetic materials. The polymer of this study surpasses the benchmark energetic polymer, nitrocellulose (NC), in a number of properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S Gribov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia N Kondakova
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 9 Miusskaya pl., Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Natalia N Il'icheva
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 9 Miusskaya pl., Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Evgenia R Stepanova
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 9 Miusskaya pl., Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Anatoly P Denisyuk
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 9 Miusskaya pl., Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Sizov
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 9 Miusskaya pl., Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Varvara D Dotsenko
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 9 Miusskaya pl., Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Dmitry B Vinogradov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Pavel V Bulatov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valery P Sinditskii
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 9 Miusskaya pl., Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Kyrill Yu Suponitsky
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Basic Department of Chemistry of Innovative Materials and Technologies, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyannyi Line, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Mikhail M Il'in
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Mukhamed L Keshtov
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Aleksei B Sheremetev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russia
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Energetic Polyoxetanes as High-Performance Binders for Energetic Composites: A Critical Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214651. [DOI: 10.3390/polym14214651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Energetic oxetanes, a group of energetic binders (EBs), are the focus of this review. We briefly introduce the role of binders and the difference between EBs and traditional “non-energetic” polymer binders, followed by a discussion of the synthesis and key properties of polyoxetanes. Priority is given to recent works, but a long-term perspective is provided where necessary, to illustrate the development of this field and the most relevant emerging trends. New reports on methods of obtaining oxetane polymers are presented; concerning the possibility of using a new catalyst, water: Al(C4H9)3, or the ratio of comonomers on the properties of the obtained binders. The synthesis of copolymers with the use of polymers with an oxetane ring and polyethers, polybutadiene terminated with hydroxyl groups and poly (3-difluoroaminomethyl-3-methyloxetane) is discussed. The latest developments in crosslinking reactions and crosslinking agents used are also described. The primary challenges faced by the field are identified and a perspective on the future development of polyoxetane EBs is presented.
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