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Büyüktaş D, Ghaani M, Rovera C, Carullo D, Olsson RT, Korel F, Farris S. A screen-printed electrode modified with gold nanoparticles/cellulose nanocrystals for electrochemical detection of 4,4′-methylene diphenyl diamine. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15327. [PMID: 37096008 PMCID: PMC10121457 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing simple, cost-effective, easy-to-use, and reliable analytical devices if of utmost importance for the food industry for rapid in-line checks of their products that must comply with the provisions set by the current legislation. The purpose of this study was to develop a new electrochemical sensor for the food packaging sector. More specifically, we propose a screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for the quantification of 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diamine (MDA), which is one of the most important PAAs that can transfer from food packaging materials into food stuffs. The electrochemical performance of the proposed sensor (AuNPs/CNCs/SPE) in the presence of 4,4'-MDA was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The modified AuNPs/CNCs/SPE showed the highest sensitivity for 4,4'-MDA detection, with a peak current of 9.81 μA compared with 7.08 μA for the bare SPE. The highest sensitivity for 4,4'-MDA oxidation was observed at pH = 7, whereas the detection limit was found at 57 nM and the current response of 4,4'-MDA rose linearly as its concentration increased from 0.12 μM to 100 μM. Experiments using real packaging materials revealed that employing nanoparticles dramatically improved both the sensitivity and the selectivity of the sensor, which can be thus considered as a new analytical tool for quick, simple, and accurate measurement of 4,4'-MDA during converting operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Büyüktaş
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Gülbahçe Köyü, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Food Packaging Lab., University of Milan, via Celoria 2 – I, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Masoud Ghaani
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Food Packaging Lab., University of Milan, via Celoria 2 – I, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Rovera
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Food Packaging Lab., University of Milan, via Celoria 2 – I, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Carullo
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Food Packaging Lab., University of Milan, via Celoria 2 – I, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard T. Olsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Figen Korel
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Gülbahçe Köyü, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Stefano Farris
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Food Packaging Lab., University of Milan, via Celoria 2 – I, 20133, Milan, Italy
- INSTM, National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Local Unit University of Milan, via Celoria 2 – I, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Corresponding author. DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Food Packaging Lab., University of Milan, via Celoria 2 – I, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Zhu C, Zhang J, Zhang S, Liu C, Liu X, Jin J, Zheng D. An Amperometric Biomedical Sensor for the Determination of Homocysteine Using Gold Nanoparticles and Acetylene Black-Dihexadecyl Phosphate-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:198. [PMID: 36677259 PMCID: PMC9865262 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel nanocomposite film composed of gold nanoparticles and acetylene black-dihexadecyl phosphate was fabricated and modified on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode through a simple and controllable dropping and electropolymerization method. The nanocomposite film electrode showed a good electrocatalytic response to the oxidation of homocysteine and can work as an amperometric biomedical sensor for homocysteine. With the aid of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray technology and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the sensing interface was characterized, and the sensing mechanism was discussed. Under optimal conditions, the oxidation peak current of homocysteine was linearly increased with its concentration in the range of 3.0 µmol/L~1.0 mmol/L, and a sensitivity of 18 nA/(μmol/L) was obtained. Furthermore, the detection limit was determined as 0.6 µmol/L, and the response time was detected as 3 s. Applying the nanocomposite film electrode for monitoring the homocysteine in human blood serum, the results were satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunnan Zhu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Cognitive Science (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis & Treatment, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingfang Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shunrun Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Cognitive Science (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis & Treatment, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Cognitive Science (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis & Treatment, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jian Jin
- The First Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Dongyun Zheng
- College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis & Treatment, Wuhan 430074, China
- The First Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430022, China
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