|
1
|
Wang L, Wang H, Niu J, Chen H, Wang M, Yang Z, Wang S, Sun X, Shi Y. Cholesterol-lowering effects of rhubarb free anthraquinones and their mechanism of action. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 966:176348. [PMID: 38286356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Rhubarb free anthraquinones (RhA) have significant lipid-regulating activity. However, whether RhA monomers have a role in lipid-regulating and their mechanism of action remains unclear. Based on the cholesterol accumulated HepG2 cell model, the cholesterol-regulating effect of RhA monomers and their combinations was investigated. The expression of sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2), 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and squalene monooxygenase (SQLE) of the model cells was analyzed to preliminarily explore the mechanism of action. After that, the liposomes of each active RhA monomer were separately prepared with the same lipid materials and the same preparation method so that each monomer has similar or equal bioavailability after oral administration to rats. Finally, the hypercholesterolemic rat model was established, and the effect of active RhA monomers loaded liposomes as well as their combinations on cholesterol-regulating was investigated and their mechanism of action was analyzed. The results showed that aloe-emodin, rhein and emodin were the main cholesterol-regulating components of RhA, and the combination of rhein and emodin showed significant cholesterol-lowering effect, which may be related to the expression of SREBP2, HMGCR and SQLE in the rat liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Wang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Haijiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Jingjing Niu
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Honggang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Xiuxia Sun
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Yanbin Shi
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
AMOM ZULKHAIRI, AZMAN KHAIRUNNUURFAIRUZ, ISMAIL NORAMALINA, SHAH ZAMREEMD, ARSHAD MOHDSHAHIDANMOHAMAD. AN AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF TINOSPORA CRISPA POSSESSES ANTIOXIDATIVE PROPERTIES AND REDUCES ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC-INDUCED RABBITS. J Food Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00436.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
|
3
|
Apolipoprotein E limits oxidative stress-induced cell dysfunctions in human adipocytes. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:2042-8. [PMID: 19450584 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress in adipose tissue constitutes a pathological process involved in obesity-linked metabolic disorders. Apolipoprotein E (apoE), which exhibits antioxidant properties in plasma and brain, is highly produced by adipose tissue and adipocytes. In this study, we investigated the role of apoE in the human adipocyte response to oxidative stress. We first demonstrated that apoE secretion by adipocytes was stimulated by oxidative stress. We also observed that apoE overexpression protected adipocytes from hydrogen peroxide-induced damages, by mitigating intracellular oxidation and exerting extracellular antioxidant properties. Our findings clearly show a novel antioxidant role for apoE in adipose tissue.
Collapse
|