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Arai H. [Physiological Function and Congenital Deficiency of α-TTP, a Determinant of Vitamin E Transport in the Body -One Portion of the Research for Which the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan Award Was Given]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:775-795. [PMID: 35908939 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.22-00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes one portion of the research for which the author received the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan Award. The complete title of the awarded research is "Pharmacological Studies on Metabolism and Functions of Biomembrane Lipids". Because the awarded research is a very broad study, this review describes the discovery, physiological functions, and congenital defects of α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), a critical factor in determining the transport of vitamin E in the body, which has been the focus of the author's work throughout his research career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Arai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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Kume A, Suganuma K, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Suzuki H. Effect of vegetable oils on the experimental infection of mice with Trypanosoma congolense. Exp Parasitol 2020; 210:107845. [PMID: 32004533 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vegetable oils are frequently used as solvents for lipophilic materials; accordingly, the effects of their components should be considered in animal experiments. In this study, the effects of various vegetable oils on the course of Trypanosoma congolense infection were examined in mice. C57BL/6J mice were orally administered four kinds of oils (i.e., coconut oil, olive oil, high oleic safflower oil, and high linoleic safflower oil) with different fatty acid compositions and infected with T. congolense IL-3000. Oil-treated mice infected with T. congolense showed significantly higher survival rates and lower parasitemia than those of control mice. Notably, coconut oil, which mainly consists of saturated fatty acids, delayed the development of parasitemia at the early stage of infection. These results indicated that vegetable oil intake could affect T. congolense infection in mice. These findings have important practical implications; for example, they suggest the potential effectiveness of vegetable oils as a part of the regular animal diet for controlling tropical diseases and indicate that vegetable oils are not suitable solvents for studies of the efficacy of lipophilic agents against T. congolense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Kume
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suganuma
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
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Suzuki H, Kume A, Herbas MS. Potential of Vitamin E Deficiency, Induced by Inhibition of α-Tocopherol Efflux, in Murine Malaria Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010064. [PMID: 30586912 PMCID: PMC6337606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested beneficial effects of vitamin E deficiency on malaria infection, it has not been clinically applicable for the treatment of malaria owing to the significant content of vitamin E in our daily food. However, since α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP) has been shown to be a determinant of vitamin E level in circulation, manipulation of α-tocopherol levels by α-TTP inhibition was considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for malaria. Knockout studies in mice indicated that inhibition of α-TTP confers resistance against malaria infections in murines, accompanied by oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in the parasite, arising from vitamin E deficiency. Combination therapy with chloroquine and α-TTP inhibition significantly improved the survival rates in murines with malaria. Thus, clinical application of α-tocopherol deficiency could be possible, provided that α-tocopherol concentration in circulation is reduced. Probucol, a recently found drug, induced α-tocopherol deficiency in circulation and was effective against murine malaria. Currently, treatment of malaria relies on the artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT); however, when mice infected with malarial parasites were treated with probucol and dihydroartemisinin, the beneficial effect of ACT was pronounced. Protective effects of vitamin E deficiency might be extended to manage other parasites in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Suzuki
- Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan.
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Aiko Kume
- Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Maria Shirely Herbas
- Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan.
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Ciftci G, Ural K, Aysul N, Cenesiz S, Guzel M, Pekmezci D, Sogut MÜ. Investigation of the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, total antioxidant and nitric oxide levels of serum in dogs infected with Babesia vogeli. Vet Parasitol 2014; 204:388-91. [PMID: 24882747 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress was defined as corruption of balance between oxidant-antioxidant states in favor of oxidants. In this study, it was aimed to determine oxidative stress in naturally infected dogs with Babesia vogeli. The 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), nitric oxide (NO) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in the sera were analyzed by ELISA. 8-OHdG levels increased in B. vogeli infected dogs compared to control group (P<0.05). Also, NO levels increased while TOC levels decreased in B. vogeli infected dogs but these variations were not found as statistically important (P>0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulay Ciftci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Kerem Ural
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, 09016 Işıklı, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Nuran Aysul
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, 09016 Işıklı, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Sena Cenesiz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Murat Guzel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Didem Pekmezci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Ünlü Sogut
- High School of Health, University of Ondokuz Mayis, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
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Yu R, Schellhorn HE. Recent applications of engineered animal antioxidant deficiency models in human nutrition and chronic disease. J Nutr 2013; 143:1-11. [PMID: 23173175 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.168690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary antioxidants are essential nutrients that inhibit the oxidation of biologically important molecules and suppress the toxicity of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. When the total antioxidant capacity is insufficient to quench these reactive species, oxidative damage occurs and contributes to the onset and progression of chronic diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. However, epidemiological studies that examine the relationship between antioxidants and disease outcome can only identify correlative associations. Additionally, many antioxidants also have prooxidant effects. Thus, clinically relevant animal models of antioxidant function are essential for improving our understanding of the role of antioxidants in the pathogenesis of complex diseases as well as evaluating the therapeutic potential and risks of their supplementation. Recent progress in gene knockout mice and virus-based gene expression has potentiated these areas of study. Here, we review the current genetically modified animal models of dietary antioxidant function and their clinical relevance in chronic diseases. This review focuses on the 3 major antioxidants in the human body: vitamin C, vitamin E, and uric acid. We examine genetic models of vitamin C synthesis (guinea pig, Osteogenic Disorder Shionogi rat, Gulo(-/-) and SMP30(-/-) mouse mutants) and transport (Slc23a1(-/-) and Slc23a2(-/-) mouse mutants), vitamin E transport (Ttpa(-/-) mouse mutant), and uric acid synthesis (Uox(-/-) mouse mutant). The application of these models to current research goals is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Yu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Herbas MS, Ueta YY, Ichikawa C, Chiba M, Ishibashi K, Shichiri M, Fukumoto S, Yokoyama N, Takeya M, Xuan X, Arai H, Suzuki H. Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein disruption confers resistance to malarial infection in mice. Malar J 2010; 9:101. [PMID: 20403155 PMCID: PMC2862040 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various factors impact the severity of malaria, including the nutritional status of the host. Vitamin E, an intra and extracellular anti-oxidant, is one such nutrient whose absence was shown previously to negatively affect Plasmodium development. However, mechanisms of this Plasmodium inhibition, in addition to means by which to exploit this finding as a therapeutic strategy, remain unclear. Methods α-TTP knockout mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65 or Plasmodium yoelii XL-17, parasitaemia, survival rate were monitored. In one part of the experiments mice were fed with a supplemented diet of vitamin E and then infected. In addition, parasite DNA damage was monitored by means of comet assay and 8-OHdG test. Moreover, infected mice were treated with chloroquine and parasitaemia and survival rate were monitored. Results Inhibition of α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), a determinant of vitamin E concentration in circulation, confers resistance to malarial infection as a result of oxidative damage to the parasites. Furthermore, in combination with the anti-malarial drug chloroquine results were even more dramatic. Conclusion Considering that these knockout mice lack observable negative impacts typical of vitamin E deficiency, these results suggest that inhibition of α-TTP activity in the liver may be a useful strategy in the prevention and treatment of malaria infection. Moreover, a combined strategy of α-TTP inhibition and chloroquine treatment might be effective against drug resistant parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Herbas
- Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada, Obihiro, 080-8555 Japan
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Herbas MS, Okazaki M, Terao E, Xuan X, Arai H, Suzuki H. alpha-Tocopherol transfer protein inhibition is effective in the prevention of cerebral malaria in mice. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:200-7. [PMID: 19923370 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional status likely plays an important role in determining the outcome of protozoan infections. Despite the evidence of Plasmodium sensitivity to oxidative stress, the potential role of vitamin E, a free radical scavenger, on the outcome of cerebral malaria (CM) has yet to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of vitamin E on Plasmodium parasite development and murine CM outcome, alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (alpha-TTP), a regulator of vitamin E in the host circulation, was abrogated. DESIGN alpha-TTP knockout mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA, and survival rate, parasitemia, brain histologic alterations, and brain barrier permeability were assessed. In addition, mRNA expression of the cytokines and adhesion molecules involved in this neurologic pathology were monitored. RESULTS alpha-TTP knockout mice infected with P. berghei ANKA did not exhibit any clinical or pathologic signs of CM, and a histologic analysis of the brain tissues in these animals showed no alteration of blood-brain barrier integrity compared with that in control mice. Interestingly, protection of the blood-brain barrier in these infected alpha-TTP knockout mice was lost when dietary supplementation with vitamin E was added to their diet. Moreover, interleukins and adhesion molecule transcripts in the brain of control mice were significantly up-regulated compared with those in the alpha-TTP knockout mice. CONCLUSION It appears that a deficiency of alpha-tocopherol in the circulation prevents CM and suggests that alpha-TTP is a putative target for the early prevention of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Herbas
- Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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