1
|
Shinkai Y, Onose Y, Akiyama M, Hirose R, Kumagai Y. Capture of Electrophilic Quinones in the Extracellular Space: Evidence for a Phase Zero Reaction. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:23-31. [PMID: 36525601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic quinones are produced during the combustion of gasoline in the atmosphere. Although these reactive species covalently bind to protein-based nucleophiles in cells, resulting in the formation of protein adducts involved in the modulation of redox signaling pathways and cytotoxicity, the extracellular regulation of quinones is not understood. In this study, incubation of 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ) with the low-molecular-weight fraction of mouse plasma resulted in the consumption of cysteine (CysSH) in the plasma in a concentration-dependent manner. Covalent modification of albumin was markedly repressed by the addition of either the low-molecular-weight fraction of mouse plasma or CysSH, suggesting that CysSH protects by forming a conjugate with 1,2-NQ. Similar phenomena also occurred for other atmospheric quinones 1,4-NQ and 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ). The addition of cystine to a culture medium without amino acids enhanced the release of CysSH from A431 cells and blocked 1,2-NQ-mediated arylation of intracellular proteins, suggesting that 1,2-NQ interacts with extracellular CysSH. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that 1,2-NQ and 1,4-BQ undergoes nucleophilic attack by CysSH, yielding a 1,2-NQH2-SCys adduct and 1,4-BQH2-SCys adduct, respectively. Unlike 1,2-NQ and 1,4-BQ, the authentic 1,2-NQH2-SCys adduct and 1,4-BQH2-SCys adduct had little effect on the covalent modification of cellular proteins and viability of A431 cells. These results suggest that electrophilic quinones are readily trapped by CysSH released from A431 cells, forming less-toxic CysSH adducts and thereby repressing covalent modification of cellular proteins. These findings provide evidence for the existence of a "phase zero" reaction of electrophiles prior to their uptake by cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yusuke Onose
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akiyama
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Reiko Hirose
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Soares AG, Muscara MN, Costa SKP. Molecular mechanism and health effects of 1,2-Naphtoquinone. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:707-717. [PMID: 32636724 PMCID: PMC7332801 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Extensive literature regarding the health side effects of ambient pollutants (AP) are available, such as diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), but limited studies are available on their electrophilic contaminant 1,2-Naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ), enzymatically derived from naphthalene. This review summarizes relevant toxicologic and biological properties of 1,2-NQ as an environmental pollutant or to a lesser degree as a backbone in drug development to treat infectious diseases. It presents evidence of 1,2-NQ-mediated genotoxicity, neurogenic inflammation, and cytotoxicity due to several mechanistic properties, including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), that promote cell damage, carcinogenesis, and cell death. Many signal transduction pathways act as a vulnerable target for 1,2-NQ, including kappaB kinase b (IKKbeta) and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Antioxidant molecules act in defense against ROS/RNS-mediated 1,2-NQ responses to injury. Nonetheless, its inhibitory effects at PTP1B, altering the insulin signaling pathway, represents a new therapeutic target to treat diabetes type 2. Questions exist whether exposure to 1,2-NQ may promote arylation of the Keap1 factor, a negative regulator of Nrf2, as well as acting on the sepiapterin reductase activity, an NADPH-dependent enzyme which catalyzes the formation of critical cofactors in aromatic amino acid metabolism and nitric oxide biosynthesis. Exposure to 1,2-NQ is linked to neurologic, behavioral, and developmental disturbances as well as increased susceptibility to asthma. Limited new knowledge exists on molecular modeling of quinones molecules as antitumoral and anti-microorganism agents. Altogether, these studies suggest that 1,2-NQ and its intermediate compounds can initiate a number of pathological pathways as AP in living organisms but it can be used to better understand molecular pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio G Soares
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA. 7703 Floyd Curl Dr. San Antonio, TX, USA 78229.,Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology of Free Radicals, Inflammation and Pain, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas (ICB), University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524 Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo N Muscara
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology of Free Radicals, Inflammation and Pain, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas (ICB), University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524 Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Soraia K P Costa
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology of Free Radicals, Inflammation and Pain, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas (ICB), University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524 Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Efficacy of 2-hydroxy-3-phenylsulfanylmethyl-[1,4]-naphthoquinone derivatives against different Trypanosoma cruzi discrete type units: Identification of a promising hit compound. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 144:572-581. [PMID: 29289882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The limited efficacy of benznidazole (Bz) indicated by failures of current Phase II clinical trials emphasizes the urgent need to identify new drugs with improved safety and efficacy for treatment of Chagas disease (CD). Herein, we analyzed the efficacy of a series of 2-hydroxy-3-phenylsulfanylmethyl-[1,4]-naphthoquinones against different Trypanosoma cruzi discrete type units (DTUs) of relevant clinical forms of CD. Cytotoxic and trypanocidal effect of naphthoquinone derivatives were assessed in mammalian cells, trypomastigotes and intracellular amastigotes using, luminescent assays (CellTiter-Glo and T. cruzi Dm28c-luciferase) and/or counting with a light microscope. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and intracellular targets of promising compounds were assessed with 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) probe and ultrastructural analysis, respectively. ADMET properties were analyzed by in silico modeling. Most of the compounds showed low cytotoxic effect. Only two compounds (Compounds 2 and 11) had IC50 values lower than Bz, showing higher susceptibility of bloodstream trypomastigotes. Compound 2 exhibited greater efficacy against trypomastigotes from different T. cruzi DTUs, even better than Bz against Brazil and CL strains. Ultrastructural analysis revealed changes in intracellular compartments, suggesting autophagy as one possible mechanism of action. Oxidative stress, induced by Compound 2, resulted in elevated level of ROS, leading to parasite death. Compound 2 was also effective against intracellular amastigotes, showing high selectivity index. ADMET analysis predicted good oral bioavailability, reduced drug metabolism and no carcinogenic potential for Compound 2. The data highlight Compound 2 as a hit compound and stimulate further structural and pharmacological optimization to potentiate its trypanocidal activity and selectivity.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumagai Y, Abiko Y, Cong NL. Chemical toxicology of reactive species in the atmosphere: two decades of progress in an electron acceptor and an electrophile. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 41:SP37-SP47. [PMID: 28003638 DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.sp37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Air pollutants such as diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are thought to cause pulmonary diseases such as asthma as a result of oxidative stress. While DEP contain a large number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, we have focused on 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (9,10-PQ) and 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ) because of their chemical properties based on their oxidative and chemical modification capabilities. We have found that 9,10-PQ interacts with electron donors such as NADPH (in the presence of enzymes) and dithiols, resulting in generation of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) through redox cycling. We have also shown that 1,2-NQ is able to modify protein thiols, leading to protein adducts associated with activation of redox signal transduction pathways at lower concentrations and toxicity at higher concentrations. In this review, we briefly introduce our findings from the last two decades.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abiko Y, Sha L, Shinkai Y, Unoki T, Luong NC, Tsuchiya Y, Watanabe Y, Hirose R, Akaike T, Kumagai Y. 1,4-Naphthoquinone activates the HSP90/HSF1 pathway through the S-arylation of HSP90 in A431 cells: Negative regulation of the redox signal transduction pathway by persulfides/polysulfides. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:118-128. [PMID: 28049024 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The current consensus is that environmental electrophiles activate redox signal transduction pathways through covalent modification of sensor proteins with reactive thiol groups at low concentrations, while they cause cell damage at higher concentrations. We previously exposed human carcinoma A431 cells to the atmospheric electrophile 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ) and found that heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a negative regulator of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), was a target of 1,4-NQ. In the study presented here, we determined whether 1,4-NQ activates HSF1. We also examined whether such redox signaling could be regulated by nucleophilic sulfur species. Exposure of A431 cells to 1,4-NQ covalently modified cellular HSP90, resulting in repression of the association between HSF1 with HSP90, thereby enhancing HSF1 translocation into the nuclei. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis with recombinant HSP90 revealed that the modifications site were Cys412 and Cys564. We found that HSF1 activation mediated by 1,4-NQ upregulated downstream genes, such as HSPA6. HSF1 knockdown accelerated 1,4-NQ-mediated cytotoxicity in the cells. While simultaneous treatment with reactive persulfide and polysulfide, Na2S2 and Na2S4, blocked 1,4-NQ-dependent protein modification and HSF1 activation in A431 cells, the knockdown of Cys persulfide producing enzymes cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and/or cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) enhanced these phenomena. 1,4-NQ-thiol adduct and 1,4-NQ-S-1,4-NQ adduct were produced during the enzymatic reaction of recombinant CSE in the presence of 1,4-NQ. The results suggest that activation of the HSP90-HSF1 signal transduction pathway mediated by 1,4-NQ protects cells against 1,4-NQ and that per/polysulfides can diminish the reactivity of 1,4-NQ by forming sulfur adducts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Abiko
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Liang Sha
- Leading Graduate School Doctoral Program, Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Leading Graduate School Doctoral Program, Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Unoki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Nho Cong Luong
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Tsuchiya
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Reiko Hirose
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Leading Graduate School Doctoral Program, Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wages PA, Lavrich KS, Zhang Z, Cheng WY, Corteselli E, Gold A, Bromberg P, Simmons SO, Samet JM. Protein Sulfenylation: A Novel Readout of Environmental Oxidant Stress. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:2411-8. [PMID: 26605980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a commonly cited mechanism of toxicity of environmental agents. Ubiquitous environmental chemicals such as the diesel exhaust component 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ) induce oxidative stress by redox cycling, which generates hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Cysteinyl thiolate residues on regulatory proteins are subjected to oxidative modification by H2O2 in physiological contexts and are also toxicological targets of oxidant stress induced by environmental contaminants. We investigated whether exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of 1,2-NQ can induce H2O2-dependent oxidation of cysteinyl thiols in regulatory proteins as a readout of oxidant stress in human airway epithelial cells. BEAS-2B cells were exposed to 0-1000 μM 1,2-NQ for 0-30 min, and levels of H2O2 were measured by ratiometric spectrofluorometry of HyPer. H2O2-dependent protein sulfenylation was measured using immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and isotopic mass spectrometry. Catalase overexpression was used to investigate the relationship between H2O2 generation and protein sulfenylation in cells exposed to 1,2-NQ. Multiple experimental approaches showed that exposure to 1,2-NQ at concentrations as low as 3 μM induces H2O2-dependent protein sulfenylation in BEAS-2B cells. Moreover, the time of onset and duration of 1,2-NQ-induced sulfenylation of the regulatory proteins GAPDH and PTP1B showed significant differences. Oxidative modification of regulatory cysteinyl thiols in human lung cells exposed to relevant concentrations of an ambient air contaminant represents a novel marker of oxidative environmental stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip A Wages
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7310, United States
| | - Katelyn S Lavrich
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7310, United States
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7400, United States
| | - Wan-Yun Cheng
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Elizabeth Corteselli
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7400, United States
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7400, United States
| | - Philip Bromberg
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7310, United States
| | - Steven O Simmons
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - James M Samet
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7310, United States.,Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27711, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Contu VR, Kotake Y, Toyama T, Okuda K, Miyara M, Sakamoto S, Samizo S, Sanoh S, Kumagai Y, Ohta S. Endogenous neurotoxic dopamine derivative covalently binds to Parkinson's disease-associated ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 and alters its structure and function. J Neurochem 2014; 130:826-38. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viorica Raluca Contu
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yaichiro Kotake
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Takashi Toyama
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Okuda
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Masatsugu Miyara
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Shuichiro Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Samizo
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Seigo Sanoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kanda H, Toyama T, Shinohara-Kanda A, Iwamatsu A, Shinkai Y, Kaji T, Kikushima M, Kumagai Y. S-Mercuration of rat sorbitol dehydrogenase by methylmercury causes its aggregation and the release of the zinc ion from the active site. Arch Toxicol 2012; 86:1693-702. [PMID: 22752181 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We previously developed a screening method to identify proteins that undergo aggregation through S-mercuration by methylmercury (MeHg) and found that rat arginase I is a target protein for MeHg (Kanda et al. in Arch Toxicol 82:803-808, 2008). In the present study, we characterized another S-mercurated protein from a rat hepatic preparation that has a subunit mass of 42 kDa, thereby facilitating its aggregation. Two-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subsequent peptide mass fingerprinting using matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed that the 42 kDa protein was NAD-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH). With recombinant rat SDH, we found that MeHg is covalently bound to SDH through Cys44, Cys119, Cys129 and Cys164, resulting in the inhibition of its catalytic activity, release of zinc ions and facilitates protein aggregation. Mutation analysis indicated that Cys44, which ligates the active site zinc atom, and Cys129 play a crucial role in the MeHg-mediated aggregation of SDH. Pretreatment with the cofactor NAD, but not NADP or FAD, markedly prevented aggregation of SDH. Such a protective effect of NAD on the aggregation of SDH caused by MeHg is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Kanda
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shinkai Y, Iwamoto N, Miura T, Ishii T, Cho AK, Kumagai Y. Redox cycling of 1,2-naphthoquinone by thioredoxin1 through Cys32 and Cys35 causes inhibition of its catalytic activity and activation of ASK1/p38 signaling. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:1222-30. [PMID: 22587396 DOI: 10.1021/tx300069r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1,2-Naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ) is an atmospheric chemical capable of (1) redox cycling with electron donors and (2) covalent modification of nucleophilic groups on proteins. In the present study, we investigated its interaction with the redox protein, thioredoxin1 (Trx1), which led to oxidative stress-dependent cell damage. In experiments with purified wild-type Trx1 and its double mutant (32S/35S Trx1), we found that incubation of Trx1 with 1,2-NQ resulted in a redox cycling reaction, generating superoxide and hydrogen peroxide involving Cys32 and Cys35 and an arylation reaction resulting in covalent modification of Lys85 together with a loss of Trx activity. A significant fraction of the lost Trx1 activity following interaction with 1,2-NQ was restored by dithiothreitol. Exposure of RAW264.7 cells to 1,2-NQ generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caused a decrease in Trx activity. Trx is a negative regulator of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), and under the conditions of the experiment, 1,2-NQ activated ASK1 and p38, leading to PARP cleavage and apoptotic cell death that were blocked by pretreatment with polyethylene glycol-catalase. These results suggest that Trx1 readily undergoes oxidative modification by 1,2-NQ through the proximal thiols Cys32 and Cys35. It seems likely that ROS production concomitant with decline in cellular Trx activity plays a role in the activation of ASK1/p38 signaling to promote apoptotic cell death cause by 1,2-NQ exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Environmental Medicine Section, Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hirose R, Miura T, Sha R, Shinkai Y, Tanaka-Kagawa T, Kumagai Y. A method for detecting covalent modification of sensor proteins associated with 1,4-naphthoquinone-induced activation of electrophilic signal transduction pathways. J Toxicol Sci 2012; 37:891-8. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Hirose
- Environmental Medicine Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Takashi Miura
- Doctoral Programs in Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Ryo Sha
- Leading Graduate School Doctoral Program, PhD Program in Human Biology, University of Tsukuba
| | - Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Environmental Medicine Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
- Doctoral Programs in Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
- Leading Graduate School Doctoral Program, PhD Program in Human Biology, University of Tsukuba
| | | | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Medicine Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
- Doctoral Programs in Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
- Leading Graduate School Doctoral Program, PhD Program in Human Biology, University of Tsukuba
| |
Collapse
|