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Bao H, Tian Y, Wang H, Ye T, Wang S, Zhao J, Qiu Y, Li J, Pan C, Ma G, Wei W, Tao Y. Exosome-loaded degradable polymeric microcapsules for the treatment of vitreoretinal diseases. Nat Biomed Eng 2023:10.1038/s41551-023-01112-3. [PMID: 37872369 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic benefits of many cell types involve paracrine mechanisms. Inspired by the paracrine functions of exosomes and the sustained degradation properties of microcapsules, here we report the therapeutic benefits of exosome-loaded degradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microcapsules with micrometric pores for the treatment of vitreoretinal diseases. On intravitreal injection in a mouse model of retinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury, microcapsules encapsulating mouse mesenchymal-stem-cell-derived exosomes settled in the inferior vitreous cavity, released exosomes for over one month as they underwent degradation and led to the restoration of retinal thickness to nearly that of the healthy retina. In mice and non-human primates with primed mycobacterial uveitis, intravitreally injected microcapsules loaded with exosomes from monkey regulatory T cells resulted in a substantial reduction in the levels of inflammatory cells. The exosome-encapsulating microcapsules, which can be lyophilised, may offer alternative treatment options for vitreoretinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yefeng Qiu
- Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China.
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Zhang F, Lin B, Huang S, Wu P, Zhou M, Zhao J, Hei X, Ke Y, Zhang Y, Huang D. Melatonin Alleviates Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting p53-Mediated Ferroptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1173. [PMID: 37371903 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) injury caused by high intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important risk factor contributing to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, eventually causing blindness. A key progressive pathological process in the development of RIR is the death of RGCs. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying RGC death caused by RIR have not yet been clearly elucidated, and effective treatments are lacking. Ferroptosis is a recently defined form of programmed cell death that is closely related to organ injury. Melatonin (MT) is a promising neuroprotective agent, but its effects on RIR injury remain unclear. In this study, murine models of acute ocular hypertension and oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model were adopted to simulate retinal ischemia. MT alleviated retinal damage and RGC death in RIR mice, significantly attenuating RIR-induced ferroptosis. Furthermore, MT reduced the expression of p53, a master regulator of ferroptosis pathways, and the upregulation of p53 promoted ferroptosis and largely abolished the neuroprotective effects of MT. Mechanistically, the overexpression (OE) of p53 suppressed the expression of the solute carrier family 7 member 11 (Slc7a11), which was accompanied by increased 12-lipoxygenase (Alox12) expression, triggering retinal ferroptosis. Moreover, MT-ameliorated apoptosis, neuroinflammation and microglial activation were observed. In summary, MT conferred neuroprotection against RIR injury by inhibiting p53-mediated ferroptosis. These findings indicate that MT is a retina-specific ferroptosis inhibitor and a promising therapeutic agent for retinal neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Bingying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Siyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Pengsen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiangqing Hei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yu Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Danping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
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3
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Polydopamine nanoparticles attenuate retina ganglion cell degeneration and restore visual function after optic nerve injury. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:436. [PMID: 34930292 PMCID: PMC8686547 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress contributes to retina ganglion cells (RGCs) loss in variety of ocular diseases, including ocular trauma, ocular vein occlusion, and glaucoma. Scavenging the excessed reactive oxygen species (ROS) in retinal neurovascular unit could be beneficial to RGCs survival. In this study, a polydopamine (PDA)-based nanoplatform is developed to protect RGCs. Results The PDA nanoparticles efficiently eliminate multi-types of ROS, protect endothelia and neuronal cells from oxidative damage, and inhibit microglia activation in retinas. In an optic nerve crush (ONC) model, single intravitreal injection of PDA nanoparticles could significantly attenuate RGCs loss via eliminating ROS in retinas, reducing the inflammatory response and maintaining barrier function of retinal vascular endothelia. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the retina implied that PDA nanoparticles improve RGCs survival probably by altering the expression of genes involved in inflammation and ROS production. Importantly, as a versatile drug carrier, PDA nanoparticles could deliver brimonidine (a neuroprotection drug) to synergistically attenuate RGCs loss and promote axon regeneration, thus restore visual function. Conclusions The PDA nanoparticle-based therapeutic nanoplatform displayed excellent performance in ROS elimination, providing a promising probability for treating retinal degeneration diseases. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01199-3.
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Hamada K, Shinozaki Y, Namekata K, Matsumoto M, Ohno N, Segawa T, Kashiwagi K, Harada T, Koizumi S. Loss of P2Y 1 receptors triggers glaucoma-like pathology in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4552-4571. [PMID: 34309010 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glaucoma, the leading cause of blindness, damages the retinal ganglion cells. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a high-risk factor for glaucoma, so topical hypotensive drugs are usually used for treatment. Because not all patients do not respond adequately to current treatments, there is a need to identify a new molecular target to reduce IOP. Here, we have assessed the role of P2Y1 receptors in mediating elevated IOP. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH P2Y1 receptor agonist was instilled into the eyes of mice, and the IOP changes were measured by a rebound-type tonometer. Expression of P2Y1 receptors was estimated by immunohistochemistry. Ocular function was measured by a multifocal electroretinogram. KEY RESULTS A single dose of the P2Y1 receptor agonist transiently reduced IOP and such effects were absent in P2Y1 receptor-deficient (P2Y1 KO) mice. P2Y1 receptors were functionally expressed in the ciliary body, trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal. Activation of P2Y1 receptors negatively regulated aquaporin 4 (AQP4) function but up-regulated endothelial NOS (eNOS). P2Y1 KO mice showed chronic ocular hypertension regardless of age. P2Y1 KO mice at 3 months old showed no damage to retinal ganglion cells, whereas 12-month-old mice showed a significant loss of these cells and impairment of ocular functions. Damage to retinal ganglion cells was attenuated by chronic administration of an IOP-reducing agent. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of P2Y1 receptors reduced IOP via dual pathways including AQP4 and eNOS. Loss of P2Y1 receptors resulted in glaucomatous optic neuropathy, suggesting that P2Y1 receptors might provide an effective target in the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hamada
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Namekata
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Matsumoto
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Segawa
- Center for Life Science Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Kashiwagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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5
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Rescue the retina after the ischemic injury by polymer-mediated intracellular superoxide dismutase delivery. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120600. [PMID: 33360507 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a hallmark of the pathophysiogenesis of retinal ischemia. The direct delivery of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) into retinal cells provides a promising option for the down-regulation of oxidative stress in retinal ischemia, however, efficient intracellular protein delivery remains a major challenge for this application. Here, a boronic acid-rich polymer was used for the intracellular delivery of SOD both in vitro and in vivo. The polymer assembled with SOD into uniform nanoparticles with high binding affinity, and transported the cargo protein into several cell lines with maintained bioactivity and low cytotoxicity. We investigated the intraocular biodistribution, therapeutic efficacy and safety of the SOD nanoformulation in a retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury model. After intravitreal injection, the nanoparticles rapidly diffused through the vitreous and penetrated into retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Compared to free SOD, the nanoformulation exhibited much enhanced therapeutic efficacy with reduced RGC apoptosis and protected retinal function. Enzymatic results confirmed that the SOD nanoformulation reduced malondialdehyde expression and increased glutathione level in the ocular tissues, and thereby down-regulated oxidative stress and prevented RGC loss. Overall, this work offers a new therapeutic option for the treatment of retinal ischemic disorders by direct delivery of antioxidant proteins.
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6
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Brand MD. Riding the tiger - physiological and pathological effects of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generated in the mitochondrial matrix. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:592-661. [PMID: 33148057 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1828258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevated mitochondrial matrix superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide concentrations drive a wide range of physiological responses and pathologies. Concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the mitochondrial matrix are set mainly by rates of production, the activities of superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) and peroxiredoxin-3 (PRDX3), and by diffusion of hydrogen peroxide to the cytosol. These considerations can be used to generate criteria for assessing whether changes in matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide are both necessary and sufficient to drive redox signaling and pathology: is a phenotype affected by suppressing superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production; by manipulating the levels of SOD2, PRDX3 or mitochondria-targeted catalase; and by adding mitochondria-targeted SOD/catalase mimetics or mitochondria-targeted antioxidants? Is the pathology associated with variants in SOD2 and PRDX3 genes? Filtering the large literature on mitochondrial redox signaling using these criteria highlights considerable evidence that mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide drive physiological responses involved in cellular stress management, including apoptosis, autophagy, propagation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular senescence, HIF1α signaling, and immune responses. They also affect cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and the cell cycle. Filtering the huge literature on pathologies highlights strong experimental evidence that 30-40 pathologies may be driven by mitochondrial matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. These can be grouped into overlapping and interacting categories: metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neurological diseases; cancer; ischemia/reperfusion injury; aging and its diseases; external insults, and genetic diseases. Understanding the involvement of mitochondrial matrix superoxide and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in these diseases can facilitate the rational development of appropriate therapies.
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7
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Ikeda HO, Muraoka Y, Hata M, Sumi E, Ikeda T, Nakagawa T, Abe H, Tada H, Morita S, Kakizuka A, Yoshimura N, Tsujikawa A. Safety and effectiveness of a novel neuroprotectant, KUS121, in patients with non-arteritic central retinal artery occlusion: An open-label, non-randomized, first-in-humans, phase 1/2 trial. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229068. [PMID: 32053676 PMCID: PMC7018138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kyoto University Substance (KUS) 121, an ATPase inhibitor of valosin-containing protein, is a novel neuroprotectant. We tested the safety and effectiveness of KUS121 in patients with acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). We conducted an investigator-initiated, first-in-humans, phase 1/2 clinical trial. Nine patients with non-arteritic CRAO symptoms lasting for 4–48 h were enrolled. These patients received daily intravitreal injections of KUS121 for 3 days: 25 μg (low-dose) in the first three patients and 50 μg (high-dose) in the next six patients. The primary endpoint was the safety of the drug. As a secondary endpoint, pharmacokinetics was evaluated. Other key secondary endpoints were changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), measured using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart, visual field scores, and retinal sensitivities between baseline and week 12; and decimal BCVA at week 12. Administration of KUS121 did not result in serious adverse events. All nine patients (100%) showed significant improvement of BCVA. Average readable letter counts, visual field scores, and retinal sensitivities also improved. Decimal BCVA at week 12 was better than 0.1 in four patients (44%) and equal to or better than 0.05 in seven patients (78%). This first-in-humans clinical trial provides support for the safety and efficacy of intravitreal KUS121 injection. To substantiate the safety and effectiveness for patients with acute CRAO, further larger scale clinical studies will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Ohashi Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Muraoka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hata
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eriko Sumi
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ikeda
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Abe
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Harue Tada
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Morita
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Kakizuka
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies & Solution Oriented Research for Science and Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nagahisa Yoshimura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akitaka Tsujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Zeng J, Zhao H, Chen B. DJ-1/PARK7 inhibits high glucose-induced oxidative stress to prevent retinal pericyte apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Exp Eye Res 2019; 189:107830. [PMID: 31593688 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act through multiple pathways to induce apoptosis of retinal capillary pericytes, which is an early marker and the primary cause of the progression of diabetic retinopathy. However, the specific molecular mechanisms behind ROS-induced retinal capillary pericyte loss in diabetic retinopathy remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the molecular regulation and effects of DJ-1/PARK7 on oxidative stress and injury of rat retinal pericytes (RRPs). To perform the research, RRPs were isolated from rat retina and cultured in medium with for 2 days: control group (5.6 mM glucose), high glucose group (30 mM glucose), hypertonic group (5.6 mM glucose + 24.4 mM mannitol). We found decreased expression of DJ-1 and increased apoptosis of RRPs in high glucose group. To further study the role of DJ-1, four groups were divided as follows: normal control group (5.6 mM glucose), high glucose (30 mM glucose), empty vector control group (pcDNA3.1,30 mM glucose), DJ-1 overexpression group (pcDNA3.1-myc-DJ-1,30 mM glucose). DJ-1, P53, p-P53, cleaved caspase-3, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT) and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in each group was detected by Western Blot. RRPs apoptosis was detected by Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl Transferase mediated Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) and 4'6- diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Mitochondrial function was detected by jc-1 and fluorescent probes DCFH-DA was used to determine reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that high glucose (30 mM) lasting two days can induce significant apoptosis of RRPs, increase ROS production and expressions of p-p53 and active caspase-3, impair mitochondrial function, decrease the activities of MnSOD and CAT, and decrease expression of DJ-1, p-AKT and p-mTOR. In contrast, DJ-1/PARK7 overexpression significantly increases expression of DJ-1, p-AKT and p-mTOR, increases expression and activities of MnSOD and CAT, improves mitochondrial function, decreases expression of apoptotic gene protein p-p53 and active caspase-3, reduces ROS production and reduces the apoptotic rate of RRPs induced by high glucose. These results suggest that DJ-1 may play a role in protecting RRPs from high glucose induced-oxidative injury. DJ-1 might improve mitochondrial function, inhibit ROS production and enhance antioxidant capacity to reduce apoptosis of retinal pericytes through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway which may be related to early pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Baihua Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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9
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Dooley JC, Krubitzer LA. Alterations in cortical and thalamic connections of somatosensory cortex following early loss of vision. J Comp Neurol 2018; 527:1675-1688. [PMID: 30444542 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Early loss of vision produces dramatic changes in the functional organization and connectivity of the neocortex in cortical areas that normally process visual inputs, such as the primary and second visual area. This loss also results in alterations in the size, functional organization, and neural response properties of the primary somatosensory area, S1. However, the anatomical substrate for these functional changes in S1 has never been described. In the present investigation, we quantified the cortical and subcortical connections of S1 in animals that were bilaterally enucleated very early in development, prior to the formation of retino-geniculate and thalamocortical pathways. We found that S1 receives dense inputs from novel cortical fields, and that the density of existing cortical and thalamocortical connections was altered. Our results demonstrate that sensory systems develop in tandem and that alterations in sensory input in one system can affect the connections and organization of other sensory systems. Thus, therapeutic intervention following early loss of vision should focus not only on restoring vision, but also on augmenting the natural plasticity of the spared systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Dooley
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Leah A Krubitzer
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, California
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10
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Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species: a review of their role in ocular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2865-2883. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20171246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For many years, oxidative stress arising from the ubiquitous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various eye diseases. While emerging research has provided some evidence of the important physiological role of ROS in normal cell function, disease may arise where the concentration of ROS exceeds and overwhelms the body’s natural defence against them. Additionally, ROS may induce genomic aberrations which affect cellular homoeostasis and may result in disease. This literature review examines the current evidence for the role of oxidative stress in important ocular diseases with a view to identifying potential therapeutic targets for future study. The need is particularly pressing in developing treatments for conditions which remain notoriously difficult to treat, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.
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11
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He S, Stankowska DL, Ellis DZ, Krishnamoorthy RR, Yorio T. Targets of Neuroprotection in Glaucoma. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2017; 34:85-106. [PMID: 28820649 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2017.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive neurodegeneration of the optic nerve and the loss of retinal ganglion cells is a hallmark of glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) being the most frequent form of glaucoma in the Western world. While some genetic mutations have been identified for some glaucomas, those associated with POAG are limited and for most POAG patients, the etiology is still unclear. Unfortunately, treatment of this neurodegenerative disease and other retinal degenerative diseases is lacking. For POAG, most of the treatments focus on reducing aqueous humor formation, enhancing uveoscleral or conventional outflow, or lowering intraocular pressure through surgical means. These efforts, in some cases, do not always lead to a prevention of vision loss and therefore other strategies are needed to reduce or reverse the progressive neurodegeneration. In this review, we will highlight some of the ocular pharmacological approaches that are being tested to reduce neurodegeneration and provide some form of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing He
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Dorota L Stankowska
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Dorette Z Ellis
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Raghu R Krishnamoorthy
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Thomas Yorio
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
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12
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Biswal MR, Han P, Zhu P, Wang Z, Li H, Ildefonso CJ, Lewin AS. Timing of Antioxidant Gene Therapy: Implications for Treating Dry AMD. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:1237-1245. [PMID: 28241311 PMCID: PMC5338629 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-21272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether antioxidant gene therapy protects the structure and function of retina in a murine model of RPE atrophy, and to determine whether antioxidant gene therapy can prevent degeneration once it has begun. Methods We induced mitochondrial oxidative stress in RPE by conditional deletion of Sod2, the gene for manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). These mice exhibited localized atrophy of the RPE and overlying photoreceptors. We restored Sod2 to the RPE of one eye using adeno-associated virus (AAV) by subretinal injection at an early (6 weeks) and a late stage (6 months), injecting the other eye with an AAV vector expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Retinal degeneration was monitored over a period of 9 months by electroretinography (ERG) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Immunohistochemical and histologic analyses were conducted to measure oxidative stress markers and to visualize retinal structure. Results One month after delivery, the AAV-Sod2 injection resulted in production of MnSod in the RPE and negligible expression in the neural retina. Electroretinography and OCT suggested no adverse effects due to increased expression of MnSOD or subretinal injection. Decrease in the ERG response and thinning retinal thickness was significantly delayed in eyes with early treatment with the Sod2 vector, but treatment at 6 months of age did not affect the ERG decline seen in these mice. Conclusions We conclude that antioxidant gene therapy may be effective in preventing the detrimental effects of oxidative stress, but may not be beneficial once substantial tissue damage has occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas R Biswal
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Pingyang Han
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Cristhian J Ildefonso
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Alfred S Lewin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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Wang Y, Huo Y, Zhao L, Lu F, Wang O, Yang X, Ji B, Zhou F. Cyanidin-3-glucoside and its phenolic acid metabolites attenuate visible light-induced retinal degeneration in vivo via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and NF-κB suppression. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1564-77. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201501048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhen Huo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Ou Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Baoping Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
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Agarwal A, Ingham SA, Harkins KA, Do DV, Nguyen QD. The role of pharmacogenetics and advances in gene therapy in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:309-20. [PMID: 26807609 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its complications such as diabetic macular edema continue to remain a major cause for legal blindness in the developed world. While the introduction of anti-tVEGF agents has significantly improved visual outcomes of patients with DR, unpredictable response, largely due to genetic polymorphisms, appears to be a challenge with this therapy. With advances in identification of various genetic biomarkers, novel therapeutic strategies consisting of gene transfer are being developed and tested for patients with DR. Application of pharmacogenetic principles appears to be a promising futuristic strategy to attenuate diabetes-mediated retinal vasculopathy. In this comprehensive review, data from recent studies in the field of pharmacogenomics for the treatment of DR have been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Agarwal
- Ocular Imaging Research & Reading Center (OIRRC), Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, South 42nd Street & Emile St, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sally A Ingham
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, South 42nd Street & Emile St, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Keegan A Harkins
- Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, South 42nd Street & Emile St, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Diana V Do
- Ocular Imaging Research & Reading Center (OIRRC), Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, South 42nd Street & Emile St, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, South 42nd Street & Emile St, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Quan Dong Nguyen
- Ocular Imaging Research & Reading Center (OIRRC), Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, South 42nd Street & Emile St, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, South 42nd Street & Emile St, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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15
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Nicolson GL, de Mattos GF, Settineri R, Costa C, Ellithorpe R, Rosenblatt S, La Valle J, Jimenez A, Ohta S. Clinical Effects of Hydrogen Administration: From Animal and Human Diseases to Exercise Medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/ijcm.2016.71005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Allen RS, Olsen TW, Sayeed I, Cale HA, Morrison KC, Oumarbaeva Y, Lucaciu I, Boatright JH, Pardue MT, Stein DG. Progesterone treatment in two rat models of ocular ischemia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:2880-91. [PMID: 26024074 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-16070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether the neurosteroid progesterone, shown to have protective effects in animal models of traumatic brain injury, stroke, and spinal cord injury, is also protective in ocular ischemia animal models. METHODS Progesterone treatment was tested in two ocular ischemia models in rats: a rodent anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION) model, which induces permanent monocular optic nerve stroke, and the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, which causes transient ischemia in both the retina and brain due to an intraluminal filament that blocks the ophthalmic and middle cerebral arteries. Visual function and retinal histology were assessed to determine whether progesterone attenuated retinal injury in these models. Additionally, behavioral testing and 2% 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining in brains were used to compare progesterone's neuroprotective effects in both retina and brain using the MCAO model. RESULTS Progesterone treatment showed no effect on visual evoked potential (VEP) reduction and retinal ganglion cell loss in the permanent rAION model. In the transient MCAO model, progesterone treatment reduced (1) electroretinogram (ERG) deficits, (2) MCAO-induced upregulation of glutamine synthetase (GS) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and (3) retinal ganglion cell loss. As expected, progesterone treatment also had significant protective effects in behavioral tests and a reduction in infarct size in the brain. CONCLUSIONS Progesterone treatment showed protective effects in the retina following MCAO but not rAION injury, which may result from mechanistic differences with injury type and the therapeutic action of progesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael S Allen
- Emergency Medicine Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States 3Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Decatur, Georgia, United States
| | - Timothy W Olsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Iqbal Sayeed
- Emergency Medicine Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Heather A Cale
- Emergency Medicine Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | | | - Yuliya Oumarbaeva
- Emergency Medicine Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Irina Lucaciu
- Emergency Medicine Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jeffrey H Boatright
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States 3Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Decatur, Georgia, United States
| | - Machelle T Pardue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States 3Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Decatur, Georgia, United States
| | - Donald G Stein
- Emergency Medicine Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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17
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Cuchra M, Markiewicz L, Mucha B, Pytel D, Szymanek K, Szemraj J, Szaflik J, Szaflik JP, Majsterek I. The role of base excision repair in the development of primary open angle glaucoma in the Polish population. Mutat Res 2015; 778:26-40. [PMID: 26056729 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in developing countries. Previous data have shown that progressive loss of human TM cells may be connected with chronic exposure to oxidative stress. This hypothesis may suggest a role of the base excision repair (BER) pathway of oxidative DNA damage in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate an association of BER gene polymorphism with a risk of POAG. Moreover, an association of clinical parameters was examined including cup disk ratio (c/d), rim area (RA) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) with glaucoma progression according to BER gene polymorphisms. Our research included 412 patients with POAG and 454 healthy controls. Gene polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Heidelberg Retinal Tomography (HRT) clinical parameters were also analyzed. The 399 Arg/Gln genotype of the XRCC1 gene (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.02-1.89 p = 0.03) was associated with an increased risk of POAG occurrence. It was indicated that the 399 Gln/Gln XRCC1 genotype might increase the risk of POAG progression according to the c/d ratio (OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.07-2.61 P = 0.02) clinical parameter. Moreover, the association of VF factor with 148 Asp/Glu of APE1 genotype distribution and POAG progression (OR 2.25; 95% CI 1.30-3.89) was also found. Additionally, the analysis of the 324 Gln/His MUTYH polymorphism gene distribution in the patient group according to RNFL factor showed that it might decrease the progression of POAG (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.30-0.82 P = 0.005). We suggest that the 399 Arg/Gln polymorphism of the XRCC1 gene may serve as a predictive risk factor of POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Cuchra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Lukasz Markiewicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Mucha
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pytel
- The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Katarzyna Szymanek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, SPKSO Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Szaflik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, SPKSO Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek P Szaflik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, SPKSO Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
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Liu H, Hua N, Xie K, Zhao T, Yu Y. Hydrogen-rich saline reduces cell death through inhibition of DNA oxidative stress and overactivation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2495-502. [PMID: 25954991 PMCID: PMC4464386 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overactivation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), as a result of sustained DNA oxidation in ischemia-reperfusion injury, triggers programmed cell necrosis and apoptosis. The present study was conducted to demonstrate whether hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) has a neuroprotective effect on retinal ischemia reperfusion (RIR) injury through inhibition of PARP-1 activation. RIR was induced by transient elevation of intraocular pressure in rats. HRS (5 ml/kg) was administered peritoneally every day from the beginning of reperfusion in RIR rats until the rats were sacrificed. Retinal damage and cell death was determined using hematoxylin and eosin and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. DNA oxidative stress was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine. In addition, the expression of PARP-1 and caspase-3 was investigated by western blot analysis and/or immunohistochemical staining. The results demonstrated that HRS administration improved morphological alterations and reduced apoptosis following RIR injury. Furthermore, the present study found that HRS alleviated DNA oxidation and PARP-1 overactivation in RIR rats. HRS can protect RIR injury by inhibition of PARP-1, which may be involved in DNA oxidative stress and caspase-3-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Ning Hua
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Keliang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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Xiong W, MacColl Garfinkel AE, Li Y, Benowitz LI, Cepko CL. NRF2 promotes neuronal survival in neurodegeneration and acute nerve damage. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1433-45. [PMID: 25798616 DOI: 10.1172/jci79735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to the loss of neurons in many disease conditions as well as during normal aging; however, small-molecule agents that reduce oxidation have not been successful in preventing neurodegeneration. Moreover, even if an efficacious systemic reduction of reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species (ROS/NOS) could be achieved, detrimental side effects are likely, as these molecules regulate normal physiological processes. A more effective and targeted approach might be to augment the endogenous antioxidant defense mechanism only in the cells that suffer from oxidation. Here, we created several adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors to deliver genes that combat oxidation. These vectors encode the transcription factors NRF2 and/or PGC1a, which regulate hundreds of genes that combat oxidation and other forms of stress, or enzymes such as superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and catalase, which directly detoxify ROS. We tested the effectiveness of this approach in 3 models of photoreceptor degeneration and in a nerve crush model. AAV-mediated delivery of NRF2 was more effective than SOD2 and catalase, while expression of PGC1a accelerated photoreceptor death. Since the NRF2-mediated neuroprotective effects extended to photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells, which are 2 very different types of neurons, these results suggest that this targeted approach may be broadly applicable to many diseases in which cells suffer from oxidative damage.
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20
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Xu Z, Cho H, Hartsock MJ, Mitchell KL, Gong J, Wu L, Wei Y, Wang S, Thimmulappa RK, Sporn MB, Biswal S, Welsbie DS, Duh EJ. Neuroprotective role of Nrf2 for retinal ganglion cells in ischemia-reperfusion. J Neurochem 2015; 133:233-41. [PMID: 25683606 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia plays a critical role in multiple vision-threatening diseases and leads to death of retinal neurons, particularly ganglion cells. Oxidative stress plays an important role in this ganglion cell loss. Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) is a major regulator of the antioxidant response, and its role in the retina is increasingly appreciated. We investigated the potential retinal neuroprotective function of Nrf2 after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. In an experimental model of retinal I/R, Nrf2 knockout mice exhibited much greater loss of neuronal cells in the ganglion cell layer than wild-type mice. Primary retinal ganglion cells isolated from Nrf2 knockout mice exhibited decreased cell viability compared to wild-type retinal ganglion cells, demonstrating the cell-intrinsic protective role of Nrf2. The retinal neuronal cell line 661W exhibited reduced cell viability following siRNA-mediated knockdown of Nrf2 under conditions of oxidative stress, and this was associated with exacerbation of increase in reactive oxygen species. The synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-Im (2-Cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-imidazolide), a potent Nrf2 activator, inhibited reactive oxygen species increase in cultured 661W under oxidative stress conditions and increased neuronal cell survival after I/R injury in wild-type, but not Nrf2 knockout mice. Our findings indicate that Nrf2 exhibits a retinal neuroprotective function in I/R and suggest that pharmacologic activation of Nrf2 could be a therapeutic strategy. Oxidative stress is thought to be an important mediator of retinal ganglion cell death in ischemia-reperfusion injury. We found that the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a major regulator of oxidative stress, is an important endogenous neuroprotective molecule in retinal ganglion cells in ischemia-reperfusion, exerting a cell-autonomous protective effect. The triterpenoid 2-Cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-imidazolide (CDDO-Im) reduces neurodegeneration following ischemia-reperfusion in an Nrf2-dependent fashion. This suggests that Nrf2-activating drugs including triterpenoids could be a therapeutic strategy for retinal neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Lee D, Kim KY, Shim MS, Kim SY, Ellisman MH, Weinreb RN, Ju WK. Coenzyme Q10 ameliorates oxidative stress and prevents mitochondrial alteration in ischemic retinal injury. Apoptosis 2015; 19:603-14. [PMID: 24337820 PMCID: PMC3938850 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0956-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) acts by scavenging reactive oxygen species for protecting neuronal cells against oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. We tested whether a diet supplemented with CoQ10 ameliorates oxidative stress and mitochondrial alteration, as well as promotes retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival in ischemic retina induced by intraocular pressure elevation. A CoQ10 significantly promoted RGC survival at 2 weeks after ischemia. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression were significantly increased at 12 h after ischemic injury. In contrast, the CoQ10 significantly prevented the upregulation of SOD2 and HO-1 protein expression in ischemic retina. In addition, the CoQ10 significantly blocked activation of astroglial and microglial cells in ischemic retina. Interestingly, the CoQ10 blocked apoptosis by decreasing caspase-3 protein expression in ischemic retina. Bax and phosphorylated Bad (pBad) protein expression were significantly increased in ischemic retina at 12 h. Interestingly, while CoQ10 significantly decreased Bax protein expression in ischemic retina, CoQ10 showed greater increase of pBad protein expression. Of interest, ischemic injury significantly increased mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) protein expression in the retina at 12 h, however, CoQ10 significantly preserved Tfam protein expression in ischemic retina. Interestingly, there were no differences in mitochondrial DNA content among control- or CoQ10-treated groups. Our findings demonstrate that CoQ10 protects RGCs against oxidative stress by modulating the Bax/Bad-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway as well as prevents mitochondrial alteration by preserving Tfam protein expression in ischemic retina. Our results suggest that CoQ10 may provide neuroprotection against oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial alterations in ischemic retinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwook Lee
- Laboratory for Optic Nerve Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University of California San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonju, Chonbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Research on Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Myoung Sup Shim
- Laboratory for Optic Nerve Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University of California San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Sang Yeop Kim
- Laboratory for Optic Nerve Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University of California San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Mark H. Ellisman
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Research on Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Robert N. Weinreb
- Laboratory for Optic Nerve Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University of California San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Won-Kyu Ju
- Laboratory for Optic Nerve Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University of California San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
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Pan H, He M, Liu R, Brecha NC, Yu ACH, Pu M. Sulforaphane protects rodent retinas against ischemia-reperfusion injury through the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114186. [PMID: 25470382 PMCID: PMC4254947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury induces oxidative stress, leukocyte infiltration, and neuronal cell death. Sulforaphane (SF), which can be obtained in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, exerts protective effects in response to oxidative stress in various tissues. These effects can be initiated through nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). This investigation was designed to elucidate the neural protective mechanisms of SF in the retinal I/R rat model. Animals were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with SF (12.5 mg/kg) or vehicle (corn oil) once a day for 7 consecutive days. Then, retinal I/R was made by elevating the intraocular pressure (IOP) to 130 mmHg for 1 h. To determine if HO-1 was involved in the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, rats were subjected to protoporphyrin IX zinc (II) (ZnPP, 30 mg/kg, i.p.) treatments at 24 h before retinal ischemia. The neuroprotective effects of SF were assessed by determining the morphology of the retina, counting the infiltrating inflammatory cells and the surviving retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and amacrine cells, and measuring apoptosis in the retinal layers. The expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 was studied by immunofluorescence analysis and western blotting. I/R induced a marked increase of ROS generation, caused pronounced inflammation, increased the apoptosis of RGCs and amacrine cells and caused the thinning of the inner retinal layer (IRL), and these effects were diminished or abolished by SF pretreatment. Meanwhile, SF pretreatment significantly elevated the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and the level of HO-1 expression in the I/R retinas; however, ZnPP reversed the protective effects of SF on I/R retinas. Together, we offer direct evidence that SF had protective effects on I/R retinas, which could be attributed, at least in part, to the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Pan
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Anatomy/Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical College, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Visual Impairment and Restoration (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meihua He
- Department of Anatomy/Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Visual Impairment and Restoration (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixing Liu
- Department of Anatomy/Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Visual Impairment and Restoration (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nicholas C. Brecha
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Jules Stein Eye Institute, CURE Digestive Diseases Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at Los Angeles, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Health System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Albert Cheung Hoi Yu
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingliang Pu
- Department of Anatomy/Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Visual Impairment and Restoration (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Zhang L, Xia H, Han Q, Chen B. Effects of antioxidant gene therapy on the development of diabetic retinopathy and the metabolic memory phenomenon. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 253:249-59. [PMID: 25301398 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-014-2827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the therapeutic effect and mechanism of AAV-MnSOD by intravitreal injection on diabetic retinopathy (DRP) and the metabolic memory phenomenon. METHODS The effect of hyperglycemia and metabolic memory on the thickness of basement membrane, ratio of pericyte area and cross-sectional area of capillary vessels in the nerve fiber layer and outer plexiform layer; retinal capillary cell apoptosis; number of acellular capillaries and activities of retinal MnSOD and catalase were examined and compared with intravitreal injection of AAV-MnSOD by transmission electron microscopy, TUNEL assay, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Hyperglycemia increased the thickness of capillary basement membranes in the nerve fiber layer and outer plexiform layer, decreased the ratio of pericyte area and cross-sectional area of capillary vessels, increased numbers of acellular capillaries and apoptosis of retinal capillary cells, and decreased activities of retinal MnSOD and catalase. Termination of hyperglycemia cannot reverse pathological changes listed above. Intra-vitreal injection of AAV-MnSOD dramatically elevated the level and activities of retinal MnSOD and catalase, and effectively prevented the progression of DRP and the metabolic memory phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS Increasing reactive oxygen species concentration and continuous decreasing of antioxidant enzyme activity play important roles in DRP and the metabolic memory phenomenon. AAV-MnSOD gene therapy provides a promising strategy to inhibit this blinding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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Yasuda M, Tanaka Y, Ryu M, Tsuda S, Nakazawa T. RNA sequence reveals mouse retinal transcriptome changes early after axonal injury. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93258. [PMID: 24676137 PMCID: PMC3968129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is an ocular disease characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death caused by axonal injury. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in RGC death remain unclear. In this study, we investigated changes in the transcriptome profile following axonal injury in mice (C57BL/6) with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. The experiment group underwent an optic nerve crush (ONC) procedure to induce axonal injury in the right eye, and the control group underwent a sham procedure. Two days later, we extracted the retinas and performed RNA-seq and a pathway analysis. We identified 177 differentially expressed genes with RNA-seq, notably the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes Atf3, Atf4, Atf5, Chac1, Chop, Egr1 and Trb3, which were significantly upregulated. The pathway analysis revealed that ATF4 was the most significant upstream regulator. The antioxidative response-related genes Hmox1 and Srxn1, as well as the immune response-related genes C1qa, C1qb and C1qc, were also significantly upregulated. To our knowledge, this is the first reported RNA-seq investigation of the retinal transcriptome and molecular pathways in the early stages after axonal injury. Our results indicated that ER stress plays a key role under these conditions. Furthermore, the antioxidative defense and immune responses occurred concurrently in the early stages after axonal injury. We believe that our study will lead to a better understanding of and insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying RGC death after axonal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Yasuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Morin Ryu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoru Tsuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Yoon HE, Kim SJ, Kim SJ, Chung S, Shin SJ. Tempol attenuates renal fibrosis in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction: the role of PI3K-Akt-FoxO3a signaling. J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29:230-7. [PMID: 24550650 PMCID: PMC3924002 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.2.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether tempol, an anti-oxidant, protects against renal injury by modulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-Forkhead homeobox O (FoxO) signaling. Mice received unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) surgery with or without administration of tempol. We evaluated renal damage, oxidative stress and the expression of PI3K, Akt, FoxO3a and their target molecules including manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase, Bax, and Bcl-2 on day 3 and day 7 after UUO. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis, collagen deposition, α-smooth muscle actin-positive area, and F4/80-positive macrophage infiltration were significantly lower in tempol-treated mice compared with control mice. The expression of PI3K, phosphorylated Akt, and phosphorylated FoxO3a markedly decreased in tempol-treated mice compared with control mice. Tempol prominently increased the expressions of MnSOD and catalase, and decreased the production of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation in the obstructed kidneys. Significantly less apoptosis, a lower ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 expression and fewer apoptotic cells in TUNEL staining, and decreased expression of transforming growth factor-β1 were observed in the obstructed kidneys from tempol-treated mice compared with those from control mice. Tempol attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in the obstructed kidneys of UUO mice, and the modulation of PI3K-Akt-FoxO3a signaling may be involved in this pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Eun Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sungjin Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Joon Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
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26
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Vinpocetine regulates cation channel permeability of inner retinal neurons in the ischaemic retina. Neurochem Int 2014; 66:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li H, Liang Y, Chiu K, Yuan Q, Lin B, Chang RCC, So KF. Lycium barbarum (wolfberry) reduces secondary degeneration and oxidative stress, and inhibits JNK pathway in retina after partial optic nerve transection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68881. [PMID: 23894366 PMCID: PMC3716882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our group has shown that the polysaccharides extracted from Lycium barbarum (LBP) are neuroprotective for retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in different animal models. Protecting RGCs from secondary degeneration is a promising direction for therapy in glaucoma management. The complete optic nerve transection (CONT) model can be used to study primary degeneration of RGCs, while the partial optic nerve transection (PONT) model can be used to study secondary degeneration of RGCs because primary degeneration of RGCs and secondary degeneration can be separated in location in the same retina in this model; in other situations, these types of degeneration can be difficult to distinguish. In order to examine which kind of degeneration LBP could delay, both CONT and PONT models were used in this study. Rats were fed with LBP or vehicle daily from 7 days before surgery until sacrifice at different time-points and the surviving numbers of RGCs were evaluated. The expression of several proteins related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and the c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways were detected with Western-blot analysis. LBP did not delay primary degeneration of RGCs after either CONT or PONT, but it did delay secondary degeneration of RGCs after PONT. We found that LBP appeared to exert these protective effects by inhibiting oxidative stress and the JNK/c-jun pathway and by transiently increasing production of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). This study suggests that LBP can delay secondary degeneration of RGCs and this effect may be linked to inhibition of oxidative stress and the JNK/c-jun pathway in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Li
- Department of Anatomy and the State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuxiang Liang
- Department of Anatomy and the State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Chiu
- Department of Anatomy and the State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiuju Yuan
- Department of Anatomy and the State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Anatomy and the State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Department of Anatomy and the State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Department of Anatomy and the State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Chen FT, Yang CM, Yang CH. The protective effects of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (velcade) on ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat retina. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64262. [PMID: 23691186 PMCID: PMC3653862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the protective effects of bortezomib (Velcade) on ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in the rat retina. Methods The rats were randomized to receive treatment with saline, low-dose bortezomib (0.05 mg/kg), or high-dose bortezomib (0.2 mg/kg) before the induction of IR injury. Electroretinography (ERG) was used to assess functional changes in the retina. The expression of inflammatory mediators (iNOS, ICAM-1, MCP-1, TNF-α), anti-oxidant proteins (heme oxygenase, thioredoxin, peroxiredoxin), and pro-apoptotic proteins (p53, bax) were quantified by PCR and western blot analysis. An immunofluorescence study was performed to detect the expression of iNOS, oxidative markers (nitrotyrosine, 8-OHdG, acrolein), NF-κB p65, and CD 68. Apoptosis of retinal cells was labeled with in situ TUNEL staining. Neu-N staining was performed in the flat-mounted retina to evaluate the density of retinal ganglion cells. Results ERG showed a decreased b-wave after IR injury, and pretreatment with bortezomib, especially the high dosage, reduced the functional impairment. Bortezomib successfully reduced the elevation of inflammatory mediators, anti-oxidant proteins, pro-apoptotic proteins and oxidative markers after IR insult in a dose-dependent manner. In a similar fashion, NF-κB p65- and CD 68-positive cells were decreased by bortezomib treatment. Retinal cell apoptosis in each layer was attenuated by bortezomib. The retinal ganglion cell density was markedly decreased in the saline and low-dose bortezomib groups but was not significantly changed in the high-dose bortezomib group. Conclusions Bortezomib had a neuro-protective effect in retinal IR injury, possibly by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB related to IR insult and reducing the inflammatory signals and oxidative stress in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ting Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Ban-Chiao, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-May Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Pediatr 2012; 24:770-9. [PMID: 23146873 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e32835af8de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Potential implication of the chemical properties and bioactivity of nitrone spin traps for therapeutics. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:1171-207. [PMID: 22709256 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrone therapeutics has been employed in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases such as neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease and cancer. The nitrone-based compound NXY-059, which is the first drug to reach clinical trials for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, has provided promise for the development of more robust pharmacological agents. However, the specific mechanism of nitrone bioactivity remains unclear. In this review, we present a variety of nitrone chemistry and biological activity that could be implicated for the nitrone's pharmacological activity. The chemistries of spin trapping and spin adduct reveal insights on the possible roles of nitrones for altering cellular redox status through radical scavenging or nitric oxide donation, and their biological effects are presented. An interdisciplinary approach towards the development of novel synthetic antioxidants with improved pharmacological properties encompassing theoretical, synthetic, biochemical and in vitro/in vivo studies is covered.
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