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Broome SC, Whitfield J, Karagounis LG, Hawley JA. Mitochondria as Nutritional Targets to Maintain Muscle Health and Physical Function During Ageing. Sports Med 2024:10.1007/s40279-024-02072-7. [PMID: 39060742 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and physical function leads to a loss of independence and an increased reliance on health-care. Mitochondria are crucial in the aetiology of sarcopenia and have been identified as key targets for interventions that can attenuate declines in physical capacity. Exercise training is a primary intervention that reduces many of the deleterious effects of ageing in skeletal muscle quality and function. However, habitual levels of physical activity decline with age, making it necessary to implement adjunct treatments to maintain skeletal muscle mitochondrial health and physical function. This review provides an overview of the effects of ageing and exercise training on human skeletal muscle mitochondria and considers several supplements that have plausible mechanistic underpinning to improve physical function in ageing through their interactions with mitochondria. Several supplements, including MitoQ, urolithin A, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFAs), and a combination of glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) can improve physical function in older individuals through a variety of inter-dependent mechanisms including increases in mitochondrial biogenesis and energetics, decreases in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species emission and oxidative damage, and improvements in mitochondrial quality control. While there is evidence that some nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide precursors can improve physical function in older individuals, such an outcome seems unrelated to and independent of changes in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. Future research should investigate the safety and efficacy of compounds that can improve skeletal muscle health in preclinical models through mechanisms involving mitochondria, such as mitochondrial-derived peptides and mitochondrial uncouplers, with a view to extending the human health-span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C Broome
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Jamie Whitfield
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Leonidas G Karagounis
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - John A Hawley
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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Supruniuk E, Górski J, Chabowski A. Endogenous and Exogenous Antioxidants in Skeletal Muscle Fatigue Development during Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020501. [PMID: 36830059 PMCID: PMC9952836 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is defined as a decrease in maximal force or power generated in response to contractile activity, and it is a risk factor for the development of musculoskeletal injuries. One of the many stressors imposed on skeletal muscle through exercise is the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which intensifies as a function of exercise intensity and duration. Exposure to ROS/RNS can affect Na+/K+-ATPase activity, intramyofibrillar calcium turnover and sensitivity, and actin-myosin kinetics to reduce muscle force production. On the other hand, low ROS/RNS concentrations can likely upregulate an array of cellular adaptative responses related to mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose transport and muscle hypertrophy. Consequently, growing evidence suggests that exogenous antioxidant supplementation might hamper exercise-engendering upregulation in the signaling pathways of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), peroxisome-proliferator activated co-activator 1α (PGC-1α), or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Ultimately, both high (exercise-induced) and low (antioxidant intervention) ROS concentrations can trigger beneficial responses as long as they do not override the threshold range for redox balance. The mechanisms underlying the two faces of ROS/RNS in exercise, as well as the role of antioxidants in muscle fatigue, are presented in detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(85)-748-55-85
| | - Jan Górski
- Department of Medical Sciences, Academy of Applied Sciences, 18-400 Łomża, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
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3
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Redox Control of Signalling Responses to Contractile Activity and Ageing in Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101698. [PMID: 35626735 PMCID: PMC9139227 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research over almost 40 years has established that reactive oxygen species are generated at different sites in skeletal muscle and that the generation of these species is increased by various forms of exercise. Initially, this was thought to be potentially deleterious to skeletal muscle and other tissues, but more recent data have identified key roles of these species in muscle adaptations to exercise. The aim of this review is to summarise our current understanding of these redox signalling roles of reactive oxygen species in mediating responses of muscle to contractile activity, with a particular focus on the effects of ageing on these processes. In addition, we provide evidence that disruption of the redox status of muscle mitochondria resulting from age-associated denervation of muscle fibres may be an important factor leading to an attenuation of some muscle responses to contractile activity, and we speculate on potential mechanisms involved.
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Cano M, Datta S, Wang L, Liu T, Flores‐Bellver M, Sachdeva M, Sinha D, Handa JT. Nrf2 deficiency decreases NADPH from impaired IDH shuttle and pentose phosphate pathway in retinal pigmented epithelial cells to magnify oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13444. [PMID: 34313391 PMCID: PMC8373343 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor‐2 (Nrf2), a major antioxidant transcription factor, is decreased in several age‐related diseases including age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of blindness among the elderly in western society. Since Nrf2’s mito‐protective response is understudied, we investigated its antioxidant response on mitochondria. Control and Nrf2‐deficient retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells were compared after treating with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Mitochondrial antioxidant abundance and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified. Mitochondrial function was assessed by TMRM assay, NADPH, electron transport chain activity, and Seahorse. Results were corroborated in Nrf2−/− mice and relevance to AMD was provided by immunohistochemistry of human globes. CSE induced mitochondrial ROS to impair mitochondrial function. H2O2 increase in particular, was magnified by Nrf2 deficiency, and corresponded with exaggerated mitochondrial dysfunction. While Nrf2 did not affect mitochondrial antioxidant abundance, oxidized PRX3 was magnified by Nrf2 deficiency due to decreased NADPH from decreased expression of IDH2 and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) genes. With severe CSE stress, intrinsic apoptosis was activated to increase cell death. PPP component TALDO1 immunolabeling was decreased in dysmorphic RPE of human AMD globes. Despite limited regulation of mitochondrial antioxidant expression, Nrf2 influences PPP and IDH shuttle activity that indirectly supplies NADPH for the TRX2 system. These results provide insight into how Nrf2 deficiency impacts the mitochondrial antioxidant response, and its role in AMD pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Cano
- Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Sayantan Datta
- Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Tongyun Liu
- Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | | | - Mira Sachdeva
- Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Debasish Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - James T. Handa
- Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
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Sánchez‐Duarte S, Márquez‐Gamiño S, Montoya‐Pérez R, Villicaña‐Gómez EA, Vera‐Delgado KS, Caudillo‐Cisneros C, Sotelo‐Barroso F, Melchor‐Moreno MT, Sánchez‐Duarte E. Nicorandil decreases oxidative stress in slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers of diabetic rats by improving the glutathione system functioning. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1152-1161. [PMID: 33503290 PMCID: PMC8264387 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Myopathy is a common complication of any diabetes type, consisting in failure to preserve mass and muscular function. Oxidative stress has been considered one of the main causes for this condition. This study aimed to search if Nicorandil, a KATP channel opener, could protect slow- and fast-twitch diabetic rat muscles from oxidative stress, and to unveil its possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by applying intraperitoneally streptozotocin (STZ) at 100 mg/kg doses. Nicorandil (3 mg/kg/day) was administered along 4 weeks. An insulin tolerance test and assessment of fasting blood glucose (FBG), TBARS, reduced (GSH), and disulfide (GSSG) glutathione levels, GSH/GSSG ratio, and mRNA expression of glutathione metabolism-related genes were performed at end of treatment in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles. RESULTS Nicorandil significantly reduced FBG levels and enhanced insulin tolerance in diabetic rats. In gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, Nicorandil attenuated the oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation (TBARS), increasing total glutathione and modulating GPX1-mRNA expression in both muscle's types. Nicorandil also increased GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio and downregulated the GCLC- and GSR-mRNA in gastrocnemius, without significative effect on those enzymes' mRNA expression in diabetic soleus muscle. CONCLUSIONS In diabetic rats, Nicorandil attenuates oxidative stress in slow- and fast-twitch skeletal muscles by improving the glutathione system functioning. The underlying mechanisms for the modulation of glutathione redox state and the transcriptional expression of glutathione metabolism-related genes seem to be fiber type-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Sánchez‐Duarte
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico‐BiológicasUniversidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HidalgoMoreliaMichoacánMéxico
| | - Sergio Márquez‐Gamiño
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al TrabajoUniversidad de Guanajuato Campus LeónLeónGuanajuatoMéxico
| | - Rocío Montoya‐Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico‐BiológicasUniversidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HidalgoMoreliaMichoacánMéxico
| | | | - Karla Susana Vera‐Delgado
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al TrabajoUniversidad de Guanajuato Campus LeónLeónGuanajuatoMéxico
| | | | - Fernando Sotelo‐Barroso
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al TrabajoUniversidad de Guanajuato Campus LeónLeónGuanajuatoMéxico
| | - Ma Teresa Melchor‐Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al TrabajoUniversidad de Guanajuato Campus LeónLeónGuanajuatoMéxico
| | - Elizabeth Sánchez‐Duarte
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al TrabajoUniversidad de Guanajuato Campus LeónLeónGuanajuatoMéxico
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Jackson MJ. On the mechanisms underlying attenuated redox responses to exercise in older individuals: A hypothesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 161:326-338. [PMID: 33099002 PMCID: PMC7754707 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Responding appropriately to exercise is essential to maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and function at all ages and particularly during aging. Here, a hypothesis is presented that a key component of the inability of skeletal muscle to respond effectively to exercise in aging is a denervation-induced failure of muscle redox signalling. This novel hypothesis proposes that an initial increase in oxidation in muscle mitochondria leads to a paradoxical increase in the reductive state of specific cysteines of signalling proteins in the muscle cytosol that suppresses their ability to respond to normal oxidising redox signals during exercise. The following are presented for consideration:Transient loss of integrity of peripheral motor neurons occurs repeatedly throughout life and is normally rapidly repaired by reinnervation, but this repair process becomes less efficient with aging. Each transient loss of neuromuscular integrity leads to a rapid, large increase in mitochondrial peroxide production in the denervated muscle fibers and in neighbouring muscle fibers. This peroxide may initially act to stimulate axonal sprouting and regeneration, but also stimulates retrograde mitonuclear communication to increase expression of a range of cytoprotective proteins in an attempt to protect the fiber and neighbouring tissues against oxidative damage. The increased peroxide within mitochondria does not lead to an increased cytosolic peroxide, but the increases in adaptive cytoprotective proteins include some located to the muscle cytosol which modify the local cytosol redox environment to induce a more reductive state in key cysteines of specific signalling proteins. Key adaptations of skeletal muscle to exercise involve transient peroxiredoxin oxidation as effectors of redox signalling in the cytosol. This requires sensitive oxidation of key cysteine residues. In aging, the chronic change to a more reductive cytosolic environment prevents the transient oxidation of peroxiredoxin 2 and hence prevents essential adaptations to exercise, thus contributing to loss of muscle mass and function. Experimental approaches suitable for testing the hypothesis are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm J Jackson
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
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7
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Stretton C, Pugh JN, McDonagh B, McArdle A, Close GL, Jackson MJ. 2-Cys peroxiredoxin oxidation in response to hydrogen peroxide and contractile activity in skeletal muscle: A novel insight into exercise-induced redox signalling? Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:199-207. [PMID: 32784030 PMCID: PMC7718083 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle generates superoxide during contractions which is rapidly converted to H2O2. This molecule has been proposed to activate signalling pathways and transcription factors that regulate key adaptive responses to exercise but the concentration of H2O2 required to oxidise and activate key signalling proteins in vitro is much higher than the intracellular concentration in muscle fibers following exercise. We hypothesised that Peroxiredoxins (Prx), which reacts with H2O2 at the low intracellular concentrations found in muscle, would be rapidly oxidised in contracting muscle and hence potentially transmit oxidising equivalents to downstream signalling proteins as a method for their oxidation and activation. The aim of this study was to characterise the effects of muscle contractile activity on the oxidation of Prx1, 2 and 3 and determine if these were affected by aging. Prx1, 2 and 3 were all rapidly and reversibly oxidised following treatment with low micromolar concentrations of H2O2 in C2C12 myotubes and also in isolated mature flexor digitalis brevis fibers from adult mice following a protocol of repeated isometric contractions. Significant oxidation of Prx2 was seen within 1 min (i.e. after 12 contractions), whereas significant oxidation was seen after 2 min for Prx1 and 3. In muscle fibers from old mice, Prx2 oxidation was significantly attenuated following contractile activity. Thus we show for the first time that Prx are rapidly and reversibly oxidised in response to contractile activity in skeletal muscle and hypothesise that these proteins act as effectors of muscle redox signalling pathways which are key to adaptations to exercise that are attenuated during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Stretton
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool and MRC- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), UK
| | - Jamie N Pugh
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Brian McDonagh
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Anne McArdle
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool and MRC- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), UK
| | - Graeme L Close
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Malcolm J Jackson
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool and MRC- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), UK.
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8
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Jackson MJ, Stretton C, McArdle A. Hydrogen peroxide as a signal for skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise: What do concentrations tell us about potential mechanisms? Redox Biol 2020; 35:101484. [PMID: 32184060 PMCID: PMC7284923 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide appears to be the key reactive oxygen species involved in redox signalling, but comparisons of the low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide that are calculated to exist within cells with those previously shown to activate common signalling events in vitro indicate that direct oxidation of key thiol groups on "redox-sensitive" signalling proteins is unlikely to occur. A number of potential mechanisms have been proposed to explain how cells overcome this block to hydrogen peroxide-stimulated redox signalling and these will be discussed in the context of the redox-stimulation of specific adaptations of skeletal muscle to contractile activity and exercise. It is argued that current data implicate a role for currently unidentified effector molecules (likely to be highly reactive peroxidases) in propagation of the redox signal from sites of hydrogen peroxide generation to common adaptive signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm J Jackson
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L87TX, UK.
| | - Clare Stretton
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L87TX, UK
| | - Anne McArdle
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L87TX, UK
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9
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Staunton CA, Owen ED, Pollock N, Vasilaki A, Barrett-Jolley R, McArdle A, Jackson MJ. HyPer2 imaging reveals temporal and heterogeneous hydrogen peroxide changes in denervated and aged skeletal muscle fibers in vivo. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14461. [PMID: 31595023 PMCID: PMC6783413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51035-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the role of denervation and motor unit turnover in the age-related increase in skeletal muscle oxidative stress, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) specific, genetically-encoded, fluorescent cyto-HyPer2 probe was expressed in mouse anterior tibialis (AT) muscle and compared with ex vivo measurements of mitochondrial oxidant generation. Crush of the peroneal nerve induced increased mitochondrial peroxide generation, measured in permeabilised AT fibers ex vivo and intra vital confocal microscopy of cyto-HyPer2 fluorescence showed increased cytosolic H2O2 in a sub-set (~24%) of individual fibers associated with onset of fiber atrophy. In comparison, mitochondrial peroxide generation was also increased in resting muscle from old (26 month) mice compared with adult (6-8 month) mice, but no age effect on fiber cytosolic H2O2 in vivo was seen. Thus ageing is associated with an increased ability of muscle fibers to maintain cytosolic redox homeostasis in the presence of denervation-induced increase in mitochondrial peroxide generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Staunton
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - E D Owen
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - N Pollock
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - A Vasilaki
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - R Barrett-Jolley
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - A McArdle
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - M J Jackson
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
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Magi F, Dimauro I, Margheritini F, Duranti G, Mercatelli N, Fantini C, Ripani FR, Sabatini S, Caporossi D. Telomere length is independently associated with age, oxidative biomarkers, and sport training in skeletal muscle of healthy adult males. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:639-647. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1459043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenza Magi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Margheritini
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Duranti
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Neri Mercatelli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Fantini
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ripani
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, University “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Sabatini
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
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11
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Long-Term Exercise Protects against Cellular Stresses in Aged Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2894247. [PMID: 29765493 PMCID: PMC5889853 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2894247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the effect of aging and long-term wheel-running on the expression of heat shock protein (HSP), redox regulation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers in tibialis anterior (T.A.) and soleus muscle of mice. Male mice were divided into young (Y, 3-month-old), old-sedentary (OS, 24-month-old), and old-exercise (OE, 24-month-old) groups. The OE group started voluntary wheel-running at 3 months and continued until 24 months of age. Aging was associated with a higher thioredoxin-interacting protein (TxNiP) level, lower thioredoxin-1 (TRX-1) to TxNiP ratio—a determinant of redox regulation and increased CHOP, an indicator of ER stress-related apoptosis signaling in both muscles. Notably, GRP78, a key indicator of ER stress, was selectively elevated in T.A. Long-term exercise decreased TxNiP in T.A. and soleus muscles and increased the TRX-1/TxNiP ratio in soleus muscle of aged mice. Inducible HSP70 and constituent HSC70 were upregulated, whereas CHOP was reduced after exercise in soleus muscle. Thus, our data demonstrated that aging induced oxidative stress and activated ER stress-related apoptosis signaling in skeletal muscle, whereas long-term wheel-running improved redox regulation, ER stress adaptation and attenuated ER stress-related apoptosis signaling. These findings suggest that life-long exercise can protect against age-related cellular stress.
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12
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de Perini A, Dimauro I, Duranti G, Fantini C, Mercatelli N, Ceci R, Di Luigi L, Sabatini S, Caporossi D. The p75 NTR-mediated effect of nerve growth factor in L6C5 myogenic cells. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:686. [PMID: 29202822 PMCID: PMC5716223 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2994-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During muscle development or regeneration, myocytes produce nerve growth factor (NGF) as well as its tyrosine-kinase and p75-neurotrophin (p75NTR) receptors. It has been published that the p75NTR receptor could represent a key regulator of NGF-mediated myoprotective effect on satellite cells, but the precise function of NGF/p75 signaling pathway on myogenic cell proliferation, survival and differentiation remains fragmented and controversial. Here, we verified the role of NGF in the growth, survival and differentiation of p75NTR-expressing L6C5 myogenic cells, specifically inquiring for the putative involvement of the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and the small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) αB-crystallin and Hsp27 in these processes. RESULTS Although NGF was not effective in modulating myogenic cell growth or survival in both standard or stress conditions, we demonstrated for the first time that, under serum deprivation, NGF sustained the activity of some key enzymes involved in energy metabolism. Moreover, we confirmed that NGF promotes myogenic fusion and expression of the structural protein myosin heavy chain while modulating NFκB activation and the content of sHSPs correlated with the differentiation process. We conclude that p75NTR is sufficient to mediate the modulation of L6C5 myogenic differentiation by NGF in term of structural, metabolic and functional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra de Perini
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Duranti
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Fantini
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Neri Mercatelli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, CERC, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Ceci
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Luigi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Sabatini
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
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13
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Sakellariou GK, Lightfoot AP, Earl KE, Stofanko M, McDonagh B. Redox homeostasis and age-related deficits in neuromuscular integrity and function. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:881-906. [PMID: 28744984 PMCID: PMC5700439 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a major site of metabolic activity and is the most abundant tissue in the human body. Age-related muscle atrophy (sarcopenia) and weakness, characterized by progressive loss of lean muscle mass and function, is a major contributor to morbidity and has a profound effect on the quality of life of older people. With a continuously growing older population (estimated 2 billion of people aged >60 by 2050), demand for medical and social care due to functional deficits, associated with neuromuscular ageing, will inevitably increase. Despite the importance of this 'epidemic' problem, the primary biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying age-related deficits in neuromuscular integrity and function have not been fully determined. Skeletal muscle generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) from a variety of subcellular sources, and age-associated oxidative damage has been suggested to be a major factor contributing to the initiation and progression of muscle atrophy inherent with ageing. RONS can modulate a variety of intracellular signal transduction processes, and disruption of these events over time due to altered redox control has been proposed as an underlying mechanism of ageing. The role of oxidants in ageing has been extensively examined in different model organisms that have undergone genetic manipulations with inconsistent findings. Transgenic and knockout rodent studies have provided insight into the function of RONS regulatory systems in neuromuscular ageing. This review summarizes almost 30 years of research in the field of redox homeostasis and muscle ageing, providing a detailed discussion of the experimental approaches that have been undertaken in murine models to examine the role of redox regulation in age-related muscle atrophy and weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam P. Lightfoot
- School of Healthcare ScienceManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterM1 5GDUK
| | - Kate E. Earl
- MRC‐Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic DiseaseUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL7 8TXUK
| | - Martin Stofanko
- Microvisk Technologies LtdThe Quorum7600 Oxford Business ParkOxfordOX4 2JZUK
| | - Brian McDonagh
- MRC‐Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic DiseaseUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL7 8TXUK
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
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Le Moal E, Pialoux V, Juban G, Groussard C, Zouhal H, Chazaud B, Mounier R. Redox Control of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:276-310. [PMID: 28027662 PMCID: PMC5685069 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle shows high plasticity in response to external demand. Moreover, adult skeletal muscle is capable of complete regeneration after injury, due to the properties of muscle stem cells (MuSCs), the satellite cells, which follow a tightly regulated myogenic program to generate both new myofibers and new MuSCs for further needs. Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have long been associated with skeletal muscle physiology, their implication in the cell and molecular processes at work during muscle regeneration is more recent. This review focuses on redox regulation during skeletal muscle regeneration. An overview of the basics of ROS/RNS and antioxidant chemistry and biology occurring in skeletal muscle is first provided. Then, the comprehensive knowledge on redox regulation of MuSCs and their surrounding cell partners (macrophages, endothelial cells) during skeletal muscle regeneration is presented in normal muscle and in specific physiological (exercise-induced muscle damage, aging) and pathological (muscular dystrophies) contexts. Recent advances in the comprehension of these processes has led to the development of therapeutic assays using antioxidant supplementation, which result in inconsistent efficiency, underlying the need for new tools that are aimed at precisely deciphering and targeting ROS networks. This review should provide an overall insight of the redox regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration while highlighting the limits of the use of nonspecific antioxidants to improve muscle function. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 276-310.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmeran Le Moal
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
- Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory, M2S, EA1274, University of Rennes 2, Bruz, France
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA7424, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Gaëtan Juban
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Carole Groussard
- Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory, M2S, EA1274, University of Rennes 2, Bruz, France
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory, M2S, EA1274, University of Rennes 2, Bruz, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rémi Mounier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
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15
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Mercatelli N, Fittipaldi S, De Paola E, Dimauro I, Paronetto MP, Jackson MJ, Caporossi D. MiR-23-TrxR1 as a novel molecular axis in skeletal muscle differentiation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7219. [PMID: 28775321 PMCID: PMC5543121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) is a selenocysteine-containing protein involved in cellular redox homeostasis which is downregulated in skeletal muscle differentiation. Here we show that TrxR1 decrease occurring during myogenesis is functionally involved in the coordination of this cellular process. Indeed, TrxR1 depletion reduces myoblasts growth by inducing an early myogenesis -related gene expression pattern which includes myogenin and Myf5 up-regulation and Cyclin D1 decrease. On the contrary, the overexpression of TrxR1 during differentiation delays myogenic process, by negatively affecting the expression of Myogenin and MyHC. Moreover, we found that miR-23a and miR-23b - whose expression was increased in the early stage of C2C12 differentiation - are involved in the regulation of TrxR1 expression through their direct binding to the 3' UTR of TrxR1 mRNA. Interestingly, the forced inhibition of miR-23a and miR-23b during C2C12 differentiation partially rescues TrxR1 levels and delays the expression of myogenic markers, suggesting the involvement of miR-23 in myogenesis via TrxR1 repression. Taken together, our results depict for the first time a novel molecular axis, which functionally acts in skeletal muscle differentiation through the modulation of TrxR1 by miR-23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neri Mercatelli
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Fittipaldi
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.,IRCCS SDN Foundation, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa De Paola
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, CERC, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, CERC, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Malcolm J Jackson
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
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16
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Dimauro I, Mercatelli N, Caporossi D. Exercise-induced ROS in heat shock proteins response. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 98:46-55. [PMID: 27021964 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cells have evolved multiple and sophisticated stress response mechanisms aiming to prevent macromolecular (including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) damage and to maintain or re-establish cellular homeostasis. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are among the most highly conserved, ubiquitous, and abundant proteins in all organisms. Originally discovered more than 50 years ago through heat shock stress, they display multiple, remarkable roles inside and outside cells under a variety of stresses, including also oxidative stress and radiation, recognizing unfolded or misfolded proteins and facilitating their restructuring. Exercise consists in a combination of physiological stresses, such as metabolic disturbances, changes in circulating levels of hormones, increased temperature, induction of mild to severe inflammatory state, increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). As a consequence, exercise is one of the main stimuli associated with a robust increase in different HSPs in several tissues, which appears to be also fundamental in facilitating the cellular remodeling processes related to the training regime. Among all factors involved in the exercise-related modulation of HSPs level, the ROS production in the contracting muscle or in other tissues represents one of the most attracting, but still under discussion, mechanism. Following exhaustive or damaging muscle exercise, major oxidative damage to proteins and lipids is likely involved in HSP expression, together with mechanically induced damage to muscle proteins and the inflammatory response occurring several days into the recovery period. Instead, the transient and reversible oxidation of proteins by physiological concentrations of ROS seems to be involved in the activation of stress response following non-damaging muscle exercise. This review aims to provide a critical update on the role of HSPs response in exercise-induced adaptation or damage in humans, focusing on experimental results where the link between redox homeostasis and HSPs expression by exercise has been addressed. Further, with the support of in vivo and in vitro studies, we discuss the putative molecular mechanisms underlying the ROS-mediated modulation of HSP expression and/or activity during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Neri Mercatelli
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy.
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McDonagh B, Scullion SM, Vasilaki A, Pollock N, McArdle A, Jackson MJ. Ageing-induced changes in the redox status of peripheral motor nerves imply an effect on redox signalling rather than oxidative damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 94:27-35. [PMID: 26876649 PMCID: PMC4851218 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with loss of skeletal muscle fibres, atrophy of the remaining fibres and weakness. These changes in muscle are accompanied by disruption of motor neurons and neuromuscular junctions although the direct relationship between the nerve and muscle degeneration is not understood. Oxidative changes have been implicated in the mechanisms leading to age-related loss of muscle mass and in degeneration of the central nervous system, but little is known about age-related changes in oxidation in specific peripheral nerves that supply muscles that are affected by ageing. We have therefore examined the sciatic nerve of old mice at an age when loss of tibialis anterior muscle mass and function is apparent. Sciatic nerve from old mice did not show a gross increase in oxidative damage, but electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies indicated an increase in the activity of superoxide and/or peroxynitrite in the nerves of old mice at rest that was further exacerbated by electrical stimulation of the nerve to activate muscle contractions. Proteomic analyses indicated that specific redox-sensitive proteins are increased in content in the nerves of old mice that may reflect an adaptation to regulate the increased superoxide/peroxynitrite and maintain redox homoeostasis. Analysis of redox active cysteines showed some increase in reversible oxidation in specific proteins in nerves of old mice, but this was not universally seen across all redox-active cysteines. Detailed analysis of the redox-active cysteine in one protein in the nerve of old mice that is key to redox signalling (Peroxiredoxin 6, Cys 47) showed a minor increase in reversible oxidation that would be compatible with a change in its redox signalling function. In conclusion, the data presented indicate that sciatic nerve from old mice does not show a gross increase in oxidative damage similar to that seen in the TA and other muscles that it innervates. Our results indicate an adaptation to increased oxidation with minor changes in the oxidation of key cysteines that may contribute to defective redox signalling in the nerve.
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Key Words
- cp, 3-carboxy-proxyl
- cph, 1-hydroxy-3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine
- nav1.5, voltage gated sodium channel isoform
- ncam, neural cell adhesion molecule
- nem, n-ethylmaleimide
- nmj, neuromuscular junction
- nox2, nad(p)h oxidase 2
- prdx, peroxiredoxin
- sod1, cuzn superoxide dismutase
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian McDonagh
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Siobhan M Scullion
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Aphrodite Vasilaki
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Natalie Pollock
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Anne McArdle
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Malcolm J Jackson
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK.
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18
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Fittipaldi S, Mercatelli N, Dimauro I, Jackson MJ, Paronetto MP, Caporossi D. Alpha B-crystallin induction in skeletal muscle cells under redox imbalance is mediated by a JNK-dependent regulatory mechanism. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 86:331-42. [PMID: 26066304 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The small heat shock protein α-B-crystallin (CRYAB) is critically involved in stress-related cellular processes such as differentiation, apoptosis, and redox homeostasis. The up-regulation of CRYAB plays a key role in the cytoprotective and antioxidant response, but the molecular pathway driving its expression in muscle cells during oxidative stress still remains unknown. Here we show that noncytotoxic exposure to sodium meta-arsenite (NaAsO2) inducing redox imbalance is able to increase the CRYAB content of C2C12 myoblasts in a transcription-dependent manner. Our in silico analysis revealed a genomic region upstream of the Cryab promoter containing two putative antioxidant-responsive elements motifs and one AP-1-like binding site. The redox-sensitive transcription factors Nrf2 and the AP-1 component c-Jun were found to be up-regulated in NaAsO2-treated cells, and we demonstrated a specific NaAsO2-mediated increase of c-Jun and Nrf2 binding activity to the genomic region identified, supporting their putative involvement in CRYAB regulation following a shift in redox balance. These changes also correlated with a specific phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK kinases, the well-known molecular mediators of signaling pathways leading to the activation of these transcription factors. Pretreatment of C2C12 cells with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 induced a decrease in c-Jun and Nrf2 content and was able to counteract the NaAsO2-mediated increase in CRYAB expression. Thus these data show a direct role of JNK in CRYAB regulation under redox imbalance and also point to a previously unrecognized link between c-Jun and Nrf2 transcription factors and redox-induced CRYAB expression in muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Fittipaldi
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, Rome 00135, Italy
| | - Neri Mercatelli
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, Rome 00135, Italy.
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, Rome 00135, Italy
| | - Malcolm J Jackson
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, L69 3GA, Liverpool, UK
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, Rome 00135, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, CERC Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, Rome 00135, Italy
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19
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Madrigal-Matute J, Fernandez-Garcia CE, Blanco-Colio LM, Burillo E, Fortuño A, Martinez-Pinna R, Llamas-Granda P, Beloqui O, Egido J, Zalba G, Martin-Ventura JL. Thioredoxin-1/peroxiredoxin-1 as sensors of oxidative stress mediated by NADPH oxidase activity in atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 86:352-61. [PMID: 26117319 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To assess the potential association between TRX-1/PRX-1 and NADPH oxidase (Nox) activity in vivo and in vitro, TRX-1/PRX-1 levels were assessed by ELISA in 84 asymptomatic subjects with known phagocytic NADPH oxidase activity and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). We found a positive correlation between TRX-1/PRX-1 and NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production (r=0.48 and 0.47; p<0.001 for both) and IMT (r=0.31 and 0.36; p<0.01 for both) adjusted by age and sex. Moreover, asymptomatic subjects with plaques have higher PRX-1 and TRX plasma levels (p<0.01 for both). These data were confirmed in a second study in which patients with carotid atherosclerosis showed higher PRX-1 and TRX plasma levels than healthy subjects (p<0.001 for both). In human atherosclerotic plaques, the NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox colocalized with TRX-1/PRX-1 in macrophages (immunohistochemistry). In monocytes and macrophages, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced NADPH activation and TRX-1/PRX-1 release to the extracellular medium, with a concomitant decrease in their intracellular levels, which was reversed by the NADPH inhibitor apocynin (Western blot). In loss-of-function experiments, genetic silencing of the NADPH oxidase subunit Nox2 blocked PMA-induced intracellular TRX-1/PRX-1 downregulation in macrophages. Furthermore, the PMA-induced release of TRX-1/PRX-1 involves the modulation of their redox status and exosome-like vesicles. TRX-1/PRX-1 levels are associated with NADPH oxidase-activity in vivo and in vitro. These data could suggest a coordinated antioxidant response to oxidative stress in atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Madrigal-Matute
- Vascular Research Laboratory, ISS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio
- Vascular Research Laboratory, ISS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Burillo
- Vascular Research Laboratory, ISS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fortuño
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Applied Medical Research University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Roxana Martinez-Pinna
- Vascular Research Laboratory, ISS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Llamas-Granda
- Vascular Research Laboratory, ISS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Beloqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesus Egido
- Vascular Research Laboratory, ISS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Applied Medical Research University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Luis Martin-Ventura
- Vascular Research Laboratory, ISS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Claflin DR, Jackson MJ, Brooks SV. Age affects the contraction-induced mitochondrial redox response in skeletal muscle. Front Physiol 2015; 6:21. [PMID: 25698975 PMCID: PMC4316701 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Compromised mitochondrial respiratory function is associated with advancing age. Damage due to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) with age is thought to contribute to the mitochondrial deficits. The coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in its reduced (NADH) and oxidized (NAD+) forms plays an essential role in the cyclic sequence of reactions that result in the regeneration of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Monitoring mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ redox status during recovery from an episode of high energy demand thus allows assessment of mitochondrial function. NADH fluoresces when excited with ultraviolet light in the UV-A band and NAD+ does not, allowing NADH/NAD+ to be monitored in real time using fluorescence microscopy. Our goal was to assess mitochondrial function by monitoring the NADH fluorescence response following a brief period of high energy demand in muscle from adult and old wild-type mice. This was accomplished by isolating whole lumbrical muscles from the hind paws of 7- and 28-month-old mice and making simultaneous measurements of force and NADH fluorescence responses during and after a 5 s maximum isometric contraction. All muscles exhibited fluorescence oscillations that were qualitatively similar and consisted of a brief transient increase followed by a longer transient period of reduced fluorescence and, finally, an increase that included an overshoot before recovering to resting level. Compared with the adult mice, muscles from the 28 mo mice exhibited a delayed peak during the first fluorescence transient and an attenuated recovery following the second transient. These findings indicate an impaired mitochondrial capacity to maintain NADH/NAD+ redox homeostasis during contractile activity in skeletal muscles of old mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R Claflin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Malcolm J Jackson
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK
| | - Susan V Brooks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Jackson MJ. Interactions between reactive oxygen species generated by contractile activity and aging in skeletal muscle? Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:804-12. [PMID: 23682926 PMCID: PMC3749718 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Aging leads to a loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that causes instability, increased risk of falls, and need for residential care. This is due to a reduction in the muscle mass and strength that is primarily due caused by a decrease in the number of muscle fibers, particularly, type II fibers, and atrophy and weakening of those remaining. RECENT ADVANCES Although increased oxidative damage was originally thought to be the key to the aging process, data now indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be one of the several components of the degenerative processes in aging. The skeletal muscle shows important rapid adaptations to the ROS generated by contractions that are attenuated in aged organisms and transgenic studies have indicated that overcoming these attenuated responses can prevent the age-related loss of muscle mass and function. CRITICAL ISSUES Elucidation of the mechanisms by which the skeletal muscle adapts to the ROS generated to contractions and the way in which these processes are attenuated by aging is critical to the development of logical approaches to prevent age-related loss of muscle mass and function. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future studies are likely to focus on the redox regulation of adaptive pathways and their maintenance during aging as an approach to maintain and improve muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm J Jackson
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing CIMA, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, United Kingdom.
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22
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Nikolaidis MG, Kyparos A, Spanou C, Paschalis V, Theodorou AA, Panayiotou G, Grivas GV, Zafeiridis A, Dipla K, Vrabas IS. Aging is not a barrier to muscle and redox adaptations: Applying the repeated eccentric exercise model. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:734-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Palomero J, Vasilaki A, Pye D, McArdle A, Jackson MJ. Aging increases the oxidation of dichlorohydrofluorescein in single isolated skeletal muscle fibers at rest, but not during contractions. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R351-8. [PMID: 23697797 PMCID: PMC3833391 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00530.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An increase in the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the mechanisms of loss of skeletal muscle that occurs during aging, but few studies have attempted to directly assess activities in intact muscle fibers. The current project used the nonspecific fluorescent probe for ROS and reactive nitrogen species, 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (CM-DCFH), in single, isolated, mature skeletal muscle fibers from adult and old mice in addition to biochemical measurements of key regulatory proteins for ROS in muscles of these animals. Data confirmed the changes in key regulatory processes for ROS (increased glutathione peroxidase 1 and catalase activities and reduced total glutathione content) previously reported in muscle from old mice and showed increased CM-DCFH oxidation in muscle fibers from old mice at rest and indicate that these changes are likely due to an increase in generation of oxidants rather than a lack of scavenging capacity. The increased CM-DCFH oxidation persisted even when cellular defenses against oxidants were increased by loading fibers from young and old mice with glutathione. During contractile activity, and in contrast to the increase observed in fibers from young mice, there was no further increase in CM-DCFH oxidation in muscle fibers from old mice. These data also suggest that the defect in short-term adaptations to contractions that occurs in old mice may be related to a diminished, or absent, increase in the muscle generation of ROS and/or reactive nitrogen species that normally accompanies contractile activity in young mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Palomero
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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