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Wang Y, He J, Lian S, Zeng Y, He S, Xu J, Luo L, Yang W, Jiang J. Targeting Metabolic-Redox Nexus to Regulate Drug Resistance: From Mechanism to Tumor Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:828. [PMID: 39061897 PMCID: PMC11273443 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is currently one of the biggest challenges in cancer treatment. With the deepening understanding of drug resistance, various mechanisms have been revealed, including metabolic reprogramming and alterations of redox balance. Notably, metabolic reprogramming mediates the survival of tumor cells in harsh environments, thereby promoting the development of drug resistance. In addition, the changes during metabolic pattern shift trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which in turn regulates cellular metabolism, DNA repair, cell death, and drug metabolism in direct or indirect ways to influence the sensitivity of tumors to therapies. Therefore, the intersection of metabolism and ROS profoundly affects tumor drug resistance, and clarifying the entangled mechanisms may be beneficial for developing drugs and treatment methods to thwart drug resistance. In this review, we will summarize the regulatory mechanism of redox and metabolism on tumor drug resistance and highlight recent therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic-redox circuits, including dietary interventions, novel chemosynthetic drugs, drug combination regimens, and novel drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuke Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (J.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (J.X.)
| | - Jingqiu He
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (J.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (J.X.)
| | - Shan Lian
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (J.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (J.X.)
| | - Yan Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (J.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (J.X.)
| | - Sheng He
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (J.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (J.X.)
| | - Jue Xu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (J.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (J.X.)
| | - Li Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenyong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Center, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chong-Qing Medical University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (J.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.); (J.X.)
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Xu Y, Zheng H, Nilcham P, Bucur O, Vogt F, Slabu I, Liehn EA, Rusu M. Vitamin C Regulates the Profibrotic Activity of Fibroblasts in In Vitro Replica Settings of Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098379. [PMID: 37176085 PMCID: PMC10179686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular collagen remodeling is one of the central mechanisms responsible for the structural and compositional coherence of myocardium in patients undergoing myocardial infarction (MI). Activated primary cardiac fibroblasts following myocardial infarction are extensively investigated to establish anti-fibrotic therapies to improve left ventricular remodeling. To systematically assess vitamin C functions as a potential modulator involved in collagen fibrillogenesis in an in vitro model mimicking heart tissue healing after MI. Mouse primary cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from wild-type C57BL/6 mice and cultured under normal and profibrotic (hypoxic + transforming growth factor beta 1) conditions on freshly prepared coatings mimicking extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling during healing after an MI. At 10 μg/mL, vitamin C reprogramed the respiratory mitochondrial metabolism, which is effectively associated with a more increased accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) than the number of those generated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS). The mRNA/protein expression of subtypes I, III collagen, and fibroblasts differentiations markers were upregulated over time, particularly in the presence of vitamin C. The collagen substrate potentiated the modulator role of vitamin C in reinforcing the structure of types I and III collagen synthesis by reducing collagen V expression in a timely manner, which is important in the initiation of fibrillogenesis. Altogether, our study evidenced the synergistic function of vitamin C at an optimum dose on maintaining the equilibrium functionality of radical scavenger and gene transcription, which are important in the initial phases after healing after an MI, while modulating the synthesis of de novo collagen fibrils, which is important in the final stage of tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Huabo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Pakhwan Nilcham
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Octavian Bucur
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Splaiul Independentei nr. 99-101, Sector 5, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Viron Molecular Medicine Institute, 1 Boston Place, Ste 2600, Boston, MA 02108, USA
| | - Felix Vogt
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ioana Slabu
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisa Anamaria Liehn
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Splaiul Independentei nr. 99-101, Sector 5, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- National Heart Center Singapore, 5 Hospital Dr., Singapore 169609, Singapore
| | - Mihaela Rusu
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Leischner C, Marongiu L, Piotrowsky A, Niessner H, Venturelli S, Burkard M, Renner O. Relevant Membrane Transport Proteins as Possible Gatekeepers for Effective Pharmacological Ascorbate Treatment in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040916. [PMID: 37107291 PMCID: PMC10135768 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing number of newly diagnosed malignancies worldwide, therapeutic options for some tumor diseases are unfortunately still limited. Interestingly, preclinical but also some clinical data suggest that the administration of pharmacological ascorbate seems to respond well, especially in some aggressively growing tumor entities. The membrane transport and channel proteins are highly relevant for the use of pharmacological ascorbate in cancer therapy and are involved in the transfer of active substances such as ascorbate, hydrogen peroxide, and iron that predominantly must enter malignant cells to induce antiproliferative effects and especially ferroptosis. In this review, the relevant conveying proteins from cellular surfaces are presented as an integral part of the efficacy of pharmacological ascorbate, considering the already known genetic and functional features in tumor tissues. Accordingly, candidates for diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Leischner
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Luigi Marongiu
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Straße 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alban Piotrowsky
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heike Niessner
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Dermatooncology, University of Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstraße 25, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Markus Burkard
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Olga Renner
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Qin S, Wang G, Chen L, Geng H, Zheng Y, Xia C, Wu S, Yao J, Deng L. Pharmacological vitamin C inhibits mTOR signaling and tumor growth by degrading Rictor and inducing HMOX1 expression. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010629. [PMID: 36787291 PMCID: PMC9928125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological vitamin C (VC) is a potential natural compound for cancer treatment. However, the mechanism underlying its antitumor effects remains unclear. In this study, we found that pharmacological VC significantly inhibits the mTOR (including mTORC1 and mTORC2) pathway activation and promotes GSK3-FBXW7-mediated Rictor ubiquitination and degradation by increasing the cellular ROS. Moreover, we identified that HMOX1 is a checkpoint for pharmacological-VC-mediated mTOR inactivation, and the deletion of FBXW7 or HMOX1 suppresses the regulation of pharmacological VC on mTOR activation, cell size, cell viability, and autophagy. More importantly, it was observed that the inhibition of mTOR by pharmacological VC supplementation in vivo produces positive therapeutic responses in tumor growth, while HMOX1 deficiency rescues the inhibitory effect of pharmacological VC on tumor growth. These results demonstrate that VC influences cellular activities and tumor growth by inhibiting the mTOR pathway through Rictor and HMOX1, which may have therapeutic potential for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guoyan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huijun Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yining Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengru Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (J.Y); (L.D)
| | - Lu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (J.Y); (L.D)
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Ren G, Lu M, Zhao Z, Qin F, Li K, Chen W, Lin Y. Cobalt Single-Atom Nanozyme Co-Administration with Ascorbic Acid Enables Redox Imbalance for Tumor Catalytic Ablation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1066-1076. [PMID: 36617740 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The elevated antioxidant defense system in cancer cells can lead to resistance to treatments involving ROS. Breaking the redox balance of the cell system through a "open up the source and regulate the flow" strategy can inhibit the growth of cancer cells and thus design a cancer treatment strategy. Here, cobalt single atom-supported N-doped carbon nanozymes (Co SA-N/C) were synthesized via a simple sacrificial template method, which can mimic the properties of ascorbate oxidase and glutathione oxidase effectively. The synthesized Co SA-N/C can induce the generation of active oxygen by accelerating the oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA) and destroy the endogenous active oxygen scavenging system by consuming the main antioxidant, glutathione (GSH). In-depth in vitro and in vivo investigations indicate that compared with solo therapy, Co SA-N/C together with AA can significantly enhance the anti-tumor efficiency by simultaneously elevating oxidative stress and consuming the overexpressed glutathione (GSH) through the redox reaction catalyzed by Co SA-N/C. This work provides a promising route for developing nanozyme-guided and ascorbate-based antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mingju Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Fengjuan Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuqing Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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Mohseni S, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Ejtahed HS, Qorbani M, Azadbakht L, Khashayar P, Larijani B. Effect of vitamins C and E on cancer survival; a systematic review. Daru 2022; 30:427-441. [PMID: 36136247 PMCID: PMC9715902 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-022-00451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Association between vitamins C (VC)/ E (VE) and cancer survival is inconsistent. This systematic review is aimed to summarize trials for effects of VC/VE on cancer survival. METHODS Relevant English trials were retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus databases, and Clinicaltrials.gov through 21/June/2022. Inclusion criteria were all trials which assessed sole/combinations intake of VC/VE on survival rate, mortality, or remission of any cancer. Exclusion criteria were observational and animal studies. RESULTS We reached 30 trials conducted on 38,936 patients with various cancers. Due to severe methodological heterogeneity, meta-analysis was impossible. High dose VC + chemotherapy or radiation was safe with an overall survival (OS) 182 days - 21.5 months. Sole oral or intravenous high dose VC was safe with non-significant change in OS (2.9-8.2 months). VE plus chemotherapy was safe, resulted in stabling diseases for 5 years in 70- 86.7% of patients and OS 109 months. It was found 60% and 16% non-significant reductions in adjusted hazard ratio (HR) deaths or recurrence by 200 mg/d tocotrienol + tamoxifen in breast cancer, respectively. Sole intake of 200-3200 mg/d tocotrienol before resectable pancreatic cancer was safe and significantly increased cancer cells' apoptosis. Combination VC and VE was non-significantly reduced 7% in rate of neoplastic gastric polyp. CONCLUSION Although our study is supported improvement of survival and progression rates of cancers by VC/VE, more high quality trials with large sample sizes are required to confirm. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020152795.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Mohseni
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Patricia Khashayar
- Center for microsystem technology, Imec and Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinical Science Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ma Z, Yang M, Foda MF, Zhang K, Li S, Liang H, Zhao Y, Han H. Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages Promoted by Vitamin C-Loaded Liposomes for Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17389-17401. [PMID: 36166666 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While checkpoint blockade immunotherapy as a promising clinical modality has revolutionized cancer treatment, it is of benefit to only a subset of patients because of the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Herein, we report that the specified delivery of vitamin C at the tumor site by responsive lipid nanoparticles can efficiently induce oxidative toxicity and the polarization of M1 macrophages, promoting the infiltration of activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment for intensive immune checkpoint blocking therapy. Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrate successful vitamin C-induced polarization of M2 macrophages to M1 macrophages. In vivo transcriptome analysis also reveals the activation mechanism of vitamin C immunity. More importantly, the combination approach displays much better immune response and immune process within the tumor microenvironment than clinical programmed cell death ligand 1 (Anti-PD-L1) alone. This work provides a powerful therapeutic application of vitamin C to amplify Anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy in cancer treatment, which brings hope to patients with clinically insensitive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Mingkun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mohamed Frahat Foda
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shuting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Huageng Liang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Heyou Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
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Alpinumisoflavone Impairs Mitochondrial Respiration via Oxidative Stress and MAPK/PI3K Regulation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101929. [PMID: 36290652 PMCID: PMC9598146 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpinumisoflavone is a natural prenylated isoflavonoid extracted from the raw fruit of Cudrania tricuspidata. Several studies have reported the beneficial characteristics of alpinumisoflavone, such as its antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-bacterial, osteoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Alpinumisoflavone also has anti-cancer effects on thyroid, renal, and ovarian cancers, but its therapeutic effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not yet been demonstrated. We investigated the anti-cancer effects of alpinumisoflavone on HCC using human liver cancer cell lines, Hep3B and Huh7. Our results confirmed that alpinumisoflavone inhibited viability and regulated the MAPK/PI3K pathway in Hep3B and Huh7 cells. We also verified that alpinumisoflavone can depolarize the mitochondrial membrane potential and suppress the mitochondrial respiration in HCC cells. Moreover, we confirmed the dysregulation of the mitochondrial complexes I, III, and V involving mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation at the mRNA level and the accumulation of calcium ions in the mitochondrial matrix. Lastly, we demonstrated that alpinumisoflavone induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis via regulation of the Bcl-xL and BAK proteins. This study elucidates the anti-cancer effects of alpinumisoflavone on HCC.
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Zhang L, Liu J, Dai Z, Wang J, Wu M, Su R, Zhang D. Crosstalk between regulated necrosis and micronutrition, bridged by reactive oxygen species. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1003340. [PMID: 36211509 PMCID: PMC9543034 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1003340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of regulated necrosis revitalizes the understanding of necrosis from a passive and accidental cell death to a highly coordinated and genetically regulated cell death routine. Since the emergence of RIPK1 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 1)-RIPK3-MLKL (mixed lineage kinase domain-like) axis-mediated necroptosis, various other forms of regulated necrosis, including ferroptosis and pyroptosis, have been described, which enrich the understanding of pathophysiological nature of diseases and provide novel therapeutics. Micronutrients, vitamins, and minerals, position centrally in metabolism, which are required to maintain cellular homeostasis and functions. A steady supply of micronutrients benefits health, whereas either deficiency or excessive amounts of micronutrients are considered harmful and clinically associated with certain diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative disease. Recent advance reveals that micronutrients are actively involved in the signaling pathways of regulated necrosis. For example, iron-mediated oxidative stress leads to lipid peroxidation, which triggers ferroptotic cell death in cancer cells. In this review, we illustrate the crosstalk between micronutrients and regulated necrosis, and unravel the important roles of micronutrients in the process of regulated necrosis. Meanwhile, we analyze the perspective mechanism of each micronutrient in regulated necrosis, with a particular focus on reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinting Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyang Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruicong Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Di Zhang,
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Metabolic targeting of malignant tumors: a need for systemic approach. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 149:2115-2138. [PMID: 35925428 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04212-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dysregulated metabolism is now recognized as a fundamental hallmark of carcinogenesis inducing aggressive features and additional hallmarks. In this review, well-established metabolic changes displayed by tumors are highlighted in a comprehensive manner and corresponding therapeutical targets are discussed to set up a framework for integrating basic research findings with clinical translation in oncology setting. METHODS Recent manuscripts of high research impact and relevant to the field from PubMed (2000-2021) have been reviewed for this article. RESULTS Metabolic pathway disruption during tumor evolution is a dynamic process potentiating cell survival, dormancy, proliferation and invasion even under dismal conditions. Apart from cancer cells, though, tumor microenvironment has an acting role as extracellular metabolites, pH alterations and stromal cells reciprocally interact with malignant cells, ultimately dictating tumor-promoting responses, disabling anti-tumor immunity and promoting resistance to treatments. CONCLUSION In the field of cancer metabolism, there are several emerging prognostic and therapeutic targets either in the form of gene expression, enzyme activity or metabolites which could be exploited for clinical purposes; both standard-of-care and novel treatments may be evaluated in the context of metabolism rewiring and indeed, synergistic effects between metabolism-targeting and other therapies would be an attractive perspective for further research.
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Repurposing Vitamin C for Cancer Treatment: Focus on Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112608. [PMID: 35681589 PMCID: PMC9179307 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complicated network, and several promising TME-targeted therapies, such as immunotherapy and targeted therapies, are now facing problems over low response rates and drug resistance. Vitamin C (VitC) has been extensively studied as a dietary nutrient and multi-targeted natural drug for fighting against tumor cells. The focus has been recently on its crucial functions in the TME. Here, we discuss the potential mechanisms of VitC in several specialized microenvironments, characterize the current status of its preclinical and clinical applications, and offer suggestions for future studies. This article is intended to provide basic researchers and clinicians with a detailed picture of VitC targeting the tumor microenvironment. Abstract Based on the enhanced knowledge on the tumor microenvironment (TME), a more comprehensive treatment landscape for targeting the TME has emerged. This microenvironment provides multiple therapeutic targets due to its diverse characteristics, leading to numerous TME-targeted strategies. With multifaced activities targeting tumors and the TME, vitamin C is renown as a promising candidate for combination therapy. In this review, we present new advances in how vitamin C reshapes the TME in the immune, hypoxic, metabolic, acidic, neurological, mechanical, and microbial dimensions. These findings will open new possibilities for multiple therapeutic avenues in the fight against cancer. We also review the available preclinical and clinical evidence of vitamin C combined with established therapies, highlighting vitamin C as an adjuvant that can be exploited for novel therapeutics. Finally, we discuss unresolved questions and directions that merit further investigation.
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Abstract
Significance: Vitamin C (ascorbate), in regard to its effectiveness against malignancies, has had a controversial history in cancer treatment. It has been shown that in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy of ascorbate relies on its pro-oxidant effect mainly from an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A growing understanding of its anticancer activities and pharmacokinetic properties has prompted scientists to re-evaluate the significance of ascorbate in cancer treatment. Recent Advances: A recent resurge in ascorbate research emerged after discovering that, at high doses, ascorbate preferentially kills Kirsten-Ras (K-ras)- and B-raf oncogene (BRAF)-mutant cancer cells. In addition, some of the main hallmarks of cancer cells, such as redox homeostasis and oxygen-sensing regulation (through inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha [HIF-1α] activity), are affected by vitamin C. Critical Issues: Currently, there is no clear consensus from the literature in regard to the beneficial effects of antioxidants. Results from both human and animal studies provide no clear evidence about the benefit of antioxidant treatment in preventing or suppressing cancer development. Since pro-oxidants may affect both normal and tumor cells, the extremely low toxicity of ascorbate represents a main advantage. This guarantees the safe inclusion of ascorbate in clinical protocols to treat cancer patients. Future Directions: Current research could focus on elucidating the wide array of reactions between ascorbate and reactive species, namely ROS, reactive nitrogen species as well as reactive sulfide species, and their intracellular molecular targets. Unraveling these mechanisms could allow researchers to assess what could be the optimal combination of ascorbate with standard treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Glorieux
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pedro Buc Calderon
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile.,Research Group in Metabolism and Nutrition, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Böttger F, Vallés-Martí A, Cahn L, Jimenez CR. High-dose intravenous vitamin C, a promising multi-targeting agent in the treatment of cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:343. [PMID: 34717701 PMCID: PMC8557029 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that vitamin C has the potential to be a potent anti-cancer agent when administered intravenously and in high doses (high-dose IVC). Early phase clinical trials have confirmed safety and indicated efficacy of IVC in eradicating tumour cells of various cancer types. In recent years, the multi-targeting effects of vitamin C were unravelled, demonstrating a role as cancer-specific, pro-oxidative cytotoxic agent, anti-cancer epigenetic regulator and immune modulator, reversing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, inhibiting hypoxia and oncogenic kinase signalling and boosting immune response. Moreover, high-dose IVC is powerful as an adjuvant treatment for cancer, acting synergistically with many standard (chemo-) therapies, as well as a method for mitigating the toxic side-effects of chemotherapy. Despite the rationale and ample evidence, strong clinical data and phase III studies are lacking. Therefore, there is a need for more extensive awareness of the use of this highly promising, non-toxic cancer treatment in the clinical setting. In this review, we provide an elaborate overview of pre-clinical and clinical studies using high-dose IVC as anti-cancer agent, as well as a detailed evaluation of the main known molecular mechanisms involved. A special focus is put on global molecular profiling studies in this respect. In addition, an outlook on future implications of high-dose vitamin C in cancer treatment is presented and recommendations for further research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Böttger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, OncoProteomics Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Vallés-Martí
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, OncoProteomics Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Loraine Cahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, OncoProteomics Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, OncoProteomics Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
Significance: Persistent oxidative stress is a common feature of cancer cells, giving a specific weapon to selectively eliminate them. Ascorbate in pharmacological concentration can contribute to the suspended formation of hydroxyl radical via the Fenton reaction; thus, it can be an important element of the oxidative stress therapy against cancer cells. Recent Advances: The main components of ascorbate-induced cell death are DNA double-strand breaks via the production of hydroxyl radical and ATP depletion due to the activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1. Presumably, DNA damage can be the primary contributor to the anticancer activity of pharmacological ascorbate, as opposed to the rupture of bioenergetics. The caspase independency of high-dose ascorbate-induced cell death proposed the possible involvement of several types of cell death, such as ferroptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy. Critical Issues: Ascorbate can target at least two key molecular features of cancer cells as a part of the anticancer therapy: the intrinsic or acquired resistance to cell death and the dysregulated metabolism of cancer cells. It seems probable that different concentrations of ascorbate alter the nature of induced cell death. Autophagy and necroptosis may play a role at intermediate concentrations, but caspase-independent apoptosis may dominate at higher concentrations. However, ascorbate behaves as an effective inhibitor of ferroptosis that may have crucial importance in its possible clinical application. Future Directions: The elucidation of the details and the links between high-dose ascorbate-induced cancer selective cell death mechanisms may give us a tool to form and apply synergistic cancer therapies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 831-844.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Szarka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Kapuy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Lőrincz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Song J, Ham J, Hong T, Song G, Lim W. Fraxetin Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis through Mitochondria Dysfunction in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Huh7 and Hep3B. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010112. [PMID: 33477262 PMCID: PMC7830088 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fraxetin is a coumarin scaffold compound extracted from Fraxinus rhynchophylla. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antifibrotic effects. Furthermore, fraxetin has anticancer effects in breast and lung cancer. We aimed to evaluate whether fraxetin has anticancer activity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and its underlying mechanism. We demonstrated the anticancer effects of fraxetin in the HCC cell lines Huh7 and Hep3B. We confirmed that fraxetin inhibited cell proliferation (42% ± 10% Huh7; 52% ± 7% Hep3B) by arresting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis in both cell lines. Moreover, fraxetin increased reactive oxygen species production (221% ± 55% Huh7; 460% ± 73% Hep3B), depolarized the mitochondrial membranes (ΔΨm) (345% ± 160% Huh7; 462% ± 140% Hep3B), and disrupted calcium homeostasis in both HCC cell lines. Chelating calcium ions with BAPTA-AM restored proliferation in fraxetin-treated Huh7 cells but not in Hep3B cells. Fraxetin did not affect the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2, whereas it decreased JNK and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling. Furthermore, fraxetin and mitogen-activated protein kinase pharmacological inhibitors had synergistic antiproliferative effects on HCC cells. Although our study was limited to in vitro data that require validation, we suggest that fraxetin is a potential therapeutic agent against HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (J.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Jiyeon Ham
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Taeyeon Hong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (J.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (W.L.); Tel.: +82-2-3290-3012 (G.S.); +82-2-910-4773 (W.L.)
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (J.S.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (W.L.); Tel.: +82-2-3290-3012 (G.S.); +82-2-910-4773 (W.L.)
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Przybyło M, Langner M. On the physiological and cellular homeostasis of ascorbate. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:32. [PMID: 32514268 PMCID: PMC7257198 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent interest in the role of ascorbate in crucial metabolic processes is driven by the growing number of medical reports that show beneficial effects of ascorbate supplementation for maintaining general well-being and recovery from a variety of medical conditions. The effect of ascorbate on the local body environment highly depends on its local concentration; at low concentrations it can cause the reduction of reactive oxygen and facilitate activities of enzymes, while at high concentrations it generates free radicals by reducing ferric ions. Ascorbate serving as an electron donor assists the iron-containing proteins and the iron transfer between various aqueous compartments. These functions require effective and adjustable mechanisms responsible for ascorbate biodistribution. In the paper we propose a new biophysical model of ascorbate redistribution between various aqueous body compartments. It combines recent experimental evidence regarding the ability of ascorbate to cross the lipid bilayer by unassisted diffusion, with active transport by well-characterized sodium vitamin C transporter (SVCT) membrane proteins. In the model, the intracellular concentration of ascorbate is maintained by the balance of two opposing fluxes: fast active and slow passive transport. The model provides a mechanistic understanding of ascorbate flux across the epidermal barrier in the gut as well as the role of astrocytes in ascorbate recycling in the brain. In addition, ascorbate passive diffusion across biological membranes, which depends on membrane electric potentials and pH gradients, provides the rationale for the correlation between ascorbate distribution and the transfer of iron ions inside a cell. The proposed approach provides, for the first time, a mechanistic account of processes leading to ascorbate physiological and cellular distribution, which helps to explain numerous experimental and clinical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Przybyło
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Wrocław University of Sciences and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
- Lipid Systems Ltd, Krzemieniecka 48C, 54-613 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Langner
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Wrocław University of Sciences and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
- Lipid Systems Ltd, Krzemieniecka 48C, 54-613 Wrocław, Poland
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Pro- and Antioxidant Effects of Vitamin C in Cancer in correspondence to Its Dietary and Pharmacological Concentrations. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7286737. [PMID: 31934267 PMCID: PMC6942884 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7286737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C is an antioxidant that may scavenge reactive oxygen species preventing DNA damage and other effects important in cancer transformation. Dietary vitamin C from natural sources is taken with other compounds affecting its bioavailability and biological effects. High pharmacological doses of vitamin C may induce prooxidant effects, detrimental for cancer cells. An oxidized form of vitamin C, dehydroascorbate, is transported through glucose transporters, and cancer cells switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in energy production so an excess of vitamin C may limit glucose transport and ATP production resulting in energetic crisis and cell death. Vitamin C may change the metabolomic and epigenetic profiles of cancer cells, and activation of ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins and downregulation of pluripotency factors by the vitamin may eradicate cancer stem cells. Metastasis, the main reason of cancer-related deaths, requires breakage of anatomical barriers containing collagen, whose synthesis is promoted by vitamin C. Vitamin C induces degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor, HIF-1, essential for the survival of tumor cells in hypoxic conditions. Dietary vitamin C may stimulate the immune system through activation of NK and T cells and monocytes. Pharmacological doses of vitamin C may inhibit cancer transformation in several pathways, but further studies are needed to address both mechanistic and clinical aspects of this effect.
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Protective Effects of Garlic and Cinnamon Oils on Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Albino Rats. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2019; 2019:9895485. [PMID: 31781479 PMCID: PMC6855081 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9895485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural oils are traditional medicinal herbs, which have attracted interests for its potential anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The present work is aimed at evaluating the protective effect of garlic oil and cinnamon oil on diethylnitrosamine- (DENA-) and 2-acetylaminofluorene- (2-AAF-) induced p53 gene mutation and hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Forty male albino rats were divided into 4 equal groups: control, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), garlic oil-HCC, and cinnamon oil-HCC. The HCC-induced group showed a significant decrease in the body mass and a significant elevation in the liver weight, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), liver enzymes, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), and p53 protein expression levels as well as genetic mutations in intron 5 of p53 gene in the form of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions. In addition, the glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were increased. While HCC rats pretreated with garlic oil or cinnamon oil were significantly reversed, these destructive actions increased GSH and SOD levels. The HCC-induced group showed histopathological features of liver cancer including hypercellularity, nuclear hyperchromasia, mitotic figures, and preneoplastic foci. On the other hand, HCC rats pretreated with garlic oil or cinnamon oil revealed partial reversal of normal liver architecture. The present findings proposed that these natural oils have the ability to improve liver function, significantly reduced the liver toxicity and HCC development. However, further sophisticated studies are recommended before their use as conventional therapeutics for HCC treatment.
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Zhang X, Liu T, Li Z, Feng Y, Corpe C, Liu S, Zhang J, He X, Liu F, Xu L, Shen L, Li S, Xia Q, Peng X, Zhou X, Chen W, Zhang X, Xu J, Wang J. Hepatomas are exquisitely sensitive to pharmacologic ascorbate (P-AscH -). Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:8109-8126. [PMID: 31754384 PMCID: PMC6857065 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Ascorbate is an essential micronutrient known for redox functions at normal physiologic concentrations. In recent decades, pharmacological ascorbate has been found to selectively kill tumour cells. However, the dosing frequency of pharmacologic ascorbate in humans has not yet been defined. Methods: We determined that among five hepatic cell lines, Huh-7 cells were the most sensitive to ascorbate. The effects of high-dose ascorbate on hepatoma were therefore assessed using Huh-7 cells and xenograft tumour mouse model. Results: In Huh-7 cells, ascorbate induced a significant increase in the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase, apoptosis and intracellular levels of ROS. High doses of ascorbate (4.0 pmol cell-1), but not low doses of ascorbate (1.0 pmol cell-1), also served as a pro-drug that killed hepatoma cells by altering mitochondrial respiration. Furthermore, in a Huh-7 cell xenograft tumour mouse model, intraperitoneal injection of ascorbate (4.0 g/kg/3 days) but not a lower dose of ascorbate (2.0 g/kg/3 days) significantly inhibited tumour growth. Gene array analysis of HCC tumour tissue from xenograft mice given IP ascorbate (4.0 g/kg/3 days) identified changes in the transcript levels of 192 genes/ncRNAs involved in insulin receptor signalling, metabolism and mitochondrial respiration. Consistent with the array data, gene expression levels of AGER, DGKK, ASB2, TCP10L2, Lnc-ALCAM-3, and Lnc-TGFBR2-1 were increased 2.05-11.35 fold in HCC tumour tissue samples from mice treated with high-dose ascorbate, and IHC staining analysis also verified that AGER/RAGE and DGKK proteins were up-regulated, which implied that AGER/RAGE and DGKK activation might be related to oxidative stress, leading to hepatoma cell death. Conclusions: Our studies identified multiple mechanisms are responsible for the anti-tumour activity of ascorbate and suggest high doses of ascorbate with less frequency will act as a novel therapeutic agent for liver cancer in vivo.
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Programmed Cell-Death by Ferroptosis: Antioxidants as Mitigators. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194968. [PMID: 31597407 PMCID: PMC6801403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron, the fourth most abundant element in the Earth's crust, is vital in living organisms because of its diverse ligand-binding and electron-transfer properties. This ability of iron in the redox cycle as a ferrous ion enables it to react with H2O2, in the Fenton reaction, to produce a hydroxyl radical (•OH)-one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause deleterious oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and membrane lipids. Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic regulated cell death that is dependent on iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is characterized by lipid peroxidation. It is triggered when the endogenous antioxidant status of the cell is compromised, leading to lipid ROS accumulation that is toxic and damaging to the membrane structure. Consequently, oxidative stress and the antioxidant levels of the cells are important modulators of lipid peroxidation that induce this novel form of cell death. Remedies capable of averting iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, therefore, are lipophilic antioxidants, including vitamin E, ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1) and possibly potent bioactive polyphenols. Moreover, most of the enzymes and proteins that cascade or interact in the pathway of ferroptosis such as a subunit of the cystine/glutamate transporter xc- (SLC7A11), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and the glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLC) iron metabolism genes transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) ferroportin, (Fpn) heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and ferritin are regulated by the antioxidant response element of the transcription factor, Nrf2. These, as well as other radical trapping antioxidants (RTAs), are discussed in the current review.
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Ma Z, Tian L, Liu Y, Liu Y, Chen Q, Li Y, Ma E. Ascorbate promotes the cellular accumulation of doxorubicin and reverses the multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells by inducing ROS-dependent ATP depletion. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:758-767. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1628957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zitai Ma
- Shenyang No. 2 Middle School, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingchi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Yanchun Li
- GLP Center, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Enlong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Chong Y, Dai X, Fang G, Wu R, Zhao L, Ma X, Tian X, Lee S, Zhang C, Chen C, Chai Z, Ge C, Zhou R. Palladium concave nanocrystals with high-index facets accelerate ascorbate oxidation in cancer treatment. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4861. [PMID: 30451824 PMCID: PMC6243004 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenous pharmacological dose of ascorbate has been proposed as a potential antitumor therapy; however, its therapeutic efficacy is limited due to the slow autoxidation. Here, we report that palladium (Pd) nanocrystals, which possess intrinsic oxidase-like activity, accelerate the autoxidation of ascorbate, leading to the enhancement of its antitumor efficacy. The oxidase-like activity of Pd nanocrystals was facet-dependent, with the concave nanostructure enclosed by high-index facets catalyzing ascorbate autoxidation more efficiently than the planar nanostructure enclosed by low-index facets. Our first-principles calculations provide the underlying molecular mechanisms for the facet-dependent activation of O2 molecule and subsequent ascorbate oxidation. Further in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrate the enhancement of the antitumor efficacy of ascorbate with these Pd concave nanocubes. Our animal experiments also indicate the combined approach with both ascorbate and Pd concave nanocubes displays an even better efficacy than currently available clinical medicines, with no obvious cytotoxicity to normal cells. The therapeutic efficiency of ascorbate is limited by its slow autoxidation. Here, the authors show the application of concave-structured palladium nanocrystals for the treatment of colorectal cancer through the oxidation of ascorbate, enhancing the production of oxidative stresses specifically on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xing Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ge Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Renfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaochuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Sangyun Lee
- Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, 10598, NY, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Cuicui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, 10598, NY, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, 10027, NY, USA.
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The Interrelationship of Pharmacologic Ascorbate Induced Cell Death and Ferroptosis. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:669-679. [PMID: 30443843 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacologic ascorbate induced cell death and ferroptosis share common features such as iron dependency, production of ROS, lipid peroxidation, caspase independency and the possible involvement of autophagy. These observations lead us to hypothesize that ferroptosis may also be involved in cancer cell death due to pharmacologic ascorbate treatment. Thus cell death of HT-1080 cell line was induced by ferroptosis inducers and pharmacologic ascorbate then the mechanism of cell death was compared. The EC50 value of pharmacologic ascorbate on HT-1080 cell line was found to be 0.5 mM that is in the range of the most ascorbate sensitive cell lines. However either of the specific inhibitors of ferroptosis (ferrostatin-1 and liproxstatin-1) could not elevate the viability of pharmacologic ascorbate treated cells suggesting that ferroptosis was not involved in the pharmacologic ascorbate induced cell death. α-tocopherol that could effectively elevate the viability of erastin and RSL3 treated HT1080 cells failed to mitigate the cytotoxic effect of pharmacologic ascorbate further strengthened this assumption. Furthermore at lower concentrations (0.1-0.5 mM) ascorbate could avoid the effects of ferroptosis inducers. Our results indicate that pharmacologic ascorbate induced cytotoxicity and ferroptosis - albeit phenotypically they show similar traits - are governed by different mechanisms.
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Shenoy N, Creagan E, Witzig T, Levine M. Ascorbic Acid in Cancer Treatment: Let the Phoenix Fly. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:700-706. [PMID: 30174242 PMCID: PMC6234047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid, ascorbate), despite controversy, has re-emerged as a promising anti-cancer agent. Recent knowledge of intravenous ascorbate pharmacokinetics and discovery of unexpected mechanisms of ascorbate action have spawned many investigations. Two mechanisms of anti-cancer activity with ascorbate have gained prominence: hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and DNA demethylation mediated by ten-eleven translocation enzyme activation. Here, we highlight salient aspects of the evolution of ascorbate in cancer treatment, provide insights into the pharmacokinetics of ascorbate, describe mechanisms of its anti-cancer activity in relation to the pharmacokinetics, outline promising preclinical and clinical evidence, and recommend future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Shenoy
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine- Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
| | - Edward Creagan
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Thomas Witzig
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mark Levine
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1372, USA.
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Carr AC, Cook J. Intravenous Vitamin C for Cancer Therapy - Identifying the Current Gaps in Our Knowledge. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1182. [PMID: 30190680 PMCID: PMC6115501 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of intravenous vitamin C (IVC) for cancer therapy has long been an area of intense controversy. Despite this, high dose IVC has been administered for decades by complementary health care practitioners and physicians, with little evidence base resulting in inconsistent clinical practice. In this review we pose a series of questions of relevance to both researchers and clinicians, and also patients themselves, in order to identify current gaps in our knowledge. These questions include: Do oncology patients have compromised vitamin C status? Is intravenous the optimal route of vitamin C administration? Is IVC safe? Does IVC interfere with chemotherapy or radiotherapy? Does IVC decrease the toxic side effects of chemotherapy and improve quality of life? What are the relevant mechanisms of action of IVC? What are the optimal doses, frequency, and duration of IVC therapy? Researchers have made massive strides over the last 20 years and have addressed many of these important aspects, such as the best route for administration, safety, interactions with chemotherapy, quality of life, and potential mechanisms of action. However, we still do not know the answers to a number of fundamental questions around best clinical practice, such as how much, how often and for how long to administer IVC to oncology patients. These questions point the way forward for both basic research and future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitra C Carr
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John Cook
- New Brighton Health Care, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Vissers MCM, Das AB. Potential Mechanisms of Action for Vitamin C in Cancer: Reviewing the Evidence. Front Physiol 2018; 9:809. [PMID: 30018566 PMCID: PMC6037948 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether vitamin C (ascorbate) has a role to play as an anti-cancer agent has been debated for decades. Ascorbate has been used by cancer patients in an unregulated environment, either as a dietary supplement or in pharmacological doses administered by infusion, with numerous reports of clinical benefit, but in the absence of rigorous clinical trial data. The design of appropriate clinical trials has been hindered by a lack of understanding of the mechanism(s) of action that would inform the choice of effective dose, timing of administration and likely responsive cancer models. More recently, expanded understanding of the biological activities of ascorbate has led to a number of plausible hypotheses for mechanisms of anti-cancer activity. Prominent among these are the generation of significant quantities of hydrogen peroxide by the autoxidation of supra-physiological concentrations of ascorbate and stimulation of the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family of enzymes (2-OGDDs) that have a cofactor requirement for ascorbate. Hydrogen peroxide generation is postulated to generate oxidative stress that preferentially targets cancer cells. The 2-OGDDs include the hydroxylases that regulate the hypoxic response, a major driver of tumor survival, angiogenesis, stem cell phenotype and metastasis, and the epigenetic histone and DNA demethylases. The latter are of particular interest, with recent studies suggesting a promising role for ascorbate in the regulation of the ten-eleven translocase (TET) DNA demethylases in hematological cancers. Support for these proposed mechanisms has come from many in vitro studies, and xenograft animal models have consistently shown an anti-cancer effect of ascorbate administration. However, decisive evidence for any particular mechanism(s) of action is not yet available from an in vivo setting. With a number of early phase clinical trials currently underway, evidence for potential mechanism(s) of action is required to inform the most appropriate study design and choice of cancer model. Hopefully such information will result in sound clinical data that will avert adding any further controversy to this already contentious debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margreet C M Vissers
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andrew B Das
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Bazzan AJ, Zabrecky G, Wintering N, Newberg AB, Monti DA. Retrospective Evaluation of Clinical Experience With Intravenous Ascorbic Acid in Patients With Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:912-920. [PMID: 29771164 PMCID: PMC6142079 DOI: 10.1177/1534735418775809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous ascorbic acid (IV AA) has been used extensively in cancer patients throughout the United States. Currently, there are limited data on the safety and clinical effects of IV AA. The purpose of this study was to expand the current literature using a retrospective analysis of adverse events and symptomatic changes of IV AA in a large sample of cancer patients. METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients receiving IV AA for cancer at the Thomas Jefferson University Hospital over a 7-year period. We assessed all reports of adverse events, laboratory findings, and hospital or emergency department admissions. We also reviewed quality-of-life data, including fatigue, nausea, pain, appetite, and mood. RESULTS There were 86 patients who received a total of 3034 doses of IV AA ranging from 50 to 150g. In all, 32 patients received only ascorbic acid as part of their cancer management (1197 doses), whereas 54 patients received ascorbic acid in conjunction with chemotherapy (1837 doses). The most common adverse events related to ascorbic acid were temporary nausea and discomfort at the injection site. All events reported in the ascorbic acid alone group were associated with less than 3% of the total number of infusions. Patients, overall, reported improvements in fatigue, pain, and mood while receiving ascorbic acid. CONCLUSIONS The results of this retrospective analysis support the growing evidence that IV AA is generally safe and well tolerated in patients with cancer, and may be useful in symptom management and improving quality of life.
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Pharmacologic ascorbate (P-AscH -) suppresses hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 35:37-51. [PMID: 29396728 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
HIF-1α is a transcriptional regulator that functions in the adaptation of cells to hypoxic conditions; it strongly impacts the prognosis of patients with cancer. High-dose, intravenous, pharmacological ascorbate (P-AscH-), induces cytotoxicity and oxidative stress selectively in cancer cells by acting as a pro-drug for the delivery of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); early clinical data suggest improved survival and inhibition of metastasis in patients being actively treated with P-AscH-. Previous studies have demonstrated that activation of HIF-1α is necessary for P-AscH- sensitivity. We hypothesized that pancreatic cancer (PDAC) progression and metastasis could be be targeted by P-AscH- via H2O2-mediated inhibition of HIF-1α stabilization. Our study demonstrates an oxygen- and prolyl hydroxylase-independent regulation of HIF-1α by P-AscH-. Additionally, P-AscH- decreased VEGF secretion in a dose-dependent manner that was reversible with catalase, consistent with an H2O2-mediated mechanism. Pharmacological and genetic manipulations of HIF-1α did not alter P-AscH--induced cytotoxicity. In vivo, P-AscH- inhibited tumor growth and VEGF expression. We conclude that P-AscH- suppresses the levels of HIF-1α protein in hypoxic conditions through a post-translational mechanism. These findings suggest potential new therapies specifically designed to inhibit the mechanisms that drive metastases as a part of PDAC treatment.
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Wang K, Xiao T, Yue Q, Wu F, Yu P, Mao L. Selective Amperometric Recording of Endogenous Ascorbate Secretion from a Single Rat Adrenal Chromaffin Cell with Pretreated Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9502-9507. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tongfang Xiao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingwei Yue
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Wohlrab C, Phillips E, Dachs GU. Vitamin C Transporters in Cancer: Current Understanding and Gaps in Knowledge. Front Oncol 2017; 7:74. [PMID: 28484682 PMCID: PMC5402541 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sufficient uptake and whole body distribution of vitamin C (ascorbate) is essential for many biochemical processes, including some that are vital for tumor growth and spread. Uptake of ascorbate into cancer cells is modulated by availability, tumor blood flow, tissue diffusion parameters, and ascorbate transport proteins. Uptake into cells is mediated by two families of transport proteins, namely, the solute carrier gene family 23, consisting of sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters (SVCTs) 1 and 2, and the SLC2 family of glucose transporters (GLUTs). GLUTs transport the oxidized form of the vitamin, dehydroascorbate (DHA), which is present at negligible to low physiological levels. SVCT1 and 2 are capable of accumulating ascorbate against a concentration gradient from micromolar concentrations outside to millimolar levels inside of cells. Investigating the expression and regulation of SVCTs in cancer has only recently started to be included in studies focused on the role of ascorbate in tumor formation, progression, and response to therapy. This review gives an overview of the current, limited knowledge of ascorbate transport across membranes, as well as tissue distribution, gene expression, and the relevance of SVCTs in cancer. As tumor ascorbate accumulation may play a role in the anticancer activity of high dose ascorbate treatment, further research into ascorbate transport in cancer tissue is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wohlrab
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Elisabeth Phillips
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gabi U Dachs
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Zununi Vahed S, Salehi R, Davaran S, Sharifi S. Liposome-based drug co-delivery systems in cancer cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 71:1327-1341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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