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Kim SR, Park JW, Choi YJ, Sonn SK, Oh GT, Lee BH, Chang TS. Mitochondrial H 2O 2 Is a Central Mediator of Diclofenac-Induced Hepatocellular Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:17. [PMID: 38275637 PMCID: PMC10812772 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use is associated with adverse consequences, including hepatic injury. The detrimental hepatotoxicity of diclofenac, a widely used NSAID, is primarily connected to oxidative damage in mitochondria, which are the primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The primary ROS responsible for inducing diclofenac-related hepatocellular toxicity and the principal antioxidant that mitigates these ROS remain unknown. Peroxiredoxin III (PrxIII) is the most abundant and potent H2O2-eliminating enzyme in the mitochondria of mammalian cells. Here, we investigated the role of mitochondrial H2O2 and the protective function of PrxIII in diclofenac-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in hepatocytes. Mitochondrial H2O2 levels were differentiated from other types of ROS using a fluorescent H2O2 indicator. Upon diclofenac treatment, PrxIII-knockdown HepG2 human hepatoma cells showed higher levels of mitochondrial H2O2 than PrxIII-expressing controls. PrxIII-depleted cells exhibited higher mitochondrial dysfunction as measured by a lower oxygen consumption rate, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, cardiolipin oxidation, and caspase activation, and were more sensitive to apoptosis. Ectopic expression of mitochondrially targeted catalase in PrxIII-knockdown HepG2 cells or in primary hepatocytes derived from PrxIII-knockout mice suppressed the diclofenac-induced accumulation of mitochondrial H2O2 and decreased apoptosis. Thus, we demonstrated that mitochondrial H2O2 is a key mediator of diclofenac-induced hepatocellular damage driven by mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. We showed that PrxIII loss results in the critical accumulation of mitochondrial H2O2 and increases the harmful effects of diclofenac. PrxIII or other antioxidants targeting mitochondrial H2O2 could be explored as potential therapeutic agents to protect against the hepatotoxicity associated with NSAID use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Ri Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Keun Sonn
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong-Shin Chang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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2
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Liu G, Song Y, Li C, Liu R, Chen Y, Yu L, Huang Q, Zhu D, Lu C, Yu X, Xiao C, Liu Y. Arsenic compounds: The wide application and mechanisms applied in acute promyelocytic leukemia and carcinogenic toxicology. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113519. [PMID: 33984805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As), as well as its various compounds have been widely used for nearly 4000 years either as drugs or poisons. These compounds are valuable in the treatment of various diseases ranging from dermatosis to cancer, thereby emphasizing their important roles as therapeutic agents. The ability of As compounds, especially arsenic trioxide (ATO) in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), has fundamentally altered people's understanding of the poison, and has become a major factor in the re-emergence of Western medicine candidates to treat leukemia and other solid tumors. However, long-term exposure to As has been correlated with numerous disadvantageous influences on health, particularly carcinogenesis. Importantly, accumulating evidence suggests that biotransformation of As, as a step to eliminate As from the human body, can induce alterations at the genetic and epigenetic levels, resulting in therapeutic effects or carcinogenesis. In this article, we aimed to provide a systematic overview of the primary contributions associated with As and its compounds, as well as the detailed mechanisms applied in APL cells and carcinogenic toxicology. This review may help to understand the underlying mechanisms and safe wide clinical applications of medicinal As along with its compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yurong Song
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Youwen Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Liuchunyang Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qingcai Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dongjie Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xue Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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3
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Abstract
A number of diseases and conditions have been associated with prolonged or persistent exposure to non-physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Similarly, ROS underproduction due to loss-of-function mutations in superoxide or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-generating enzymes is a risk factor or causative for certain diseases. However, ROS are required for basic cell functions; in particular the diffusible second messenger H2O2 that serves as signaling molecule in redox processes. This activity sets H2O2 apart from highly reactive oxygen radicals and influences the approach to drug discovery, clinical utility, and therapeutic intervention. Here we review the chemical and biological fundamentals of ROS with emphasis on H2O2 as a signaling conduit and initiator of redox relays and propose an integrated view of physiological versus non-physiological reactive species. Therapeutic interventions that target persistently altered ROS levels should include both selective inhibition of a specific source of primary ROS and careful consideration of a targeted pro-oxidant approach, an avenue that is still underdeveloped. Both strategies require attention to redox dynamics in complex cellular systems, integration of the overall spatiotemporal cellular environment, and target validation to yield effective and safe therapeutics. The only professional primary ROS producers are NADPH oxidases (NOX1-5, DUOX1-2). Many other enzymes, e.g., xanthine oxidase (XO), monoamine oxidases (MAO), lysyl oxidases (LO), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cyclooxygenase (COX), produce superoxide and H2O2 secondary to their primary metabolic function. Superoxide is too reactive to disseminate, but H2O2 is diffusible, only limited by adjacent PRDXs or GPXs, and can be apically secreted and imported into cells through aquaporin (AQP) channels. H2O2 redox signaling includes oxidation of the active site thiol in protein tyrosine phosphatases, which will inhibit their activity and thereby increase tyrosine phosphorylation on target proteins. Essential functions include the oxidative burst by NOX2 as antimicrobial innate immune response; gastrointestinal NOX1 and DUOX2 generating low H2O2 concentrations sufficient to trigger antivirulence mechanisms; and thyroidal DUOX2 essential for providing H2O2 reduced by TPO to oxidize iodide to an iodinating form which is then attached to tyrosyls in TG. Loss-of-function (LoF) variants in TPO or DUOX2 cause congenital hypothyroidism and LoF variants in the NOX2 complex chronic granulomatous disease.
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4
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Zaidi SK, Shen WJ, Cortez Y, Bittner S, Bittner A, Arshad S, Huang TT, Kraemer FB, Azhar S. SOD2 deficiency-induced oxidative stress attenuates steroidogenesis in mouse ovarian granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 519:110888. [PMID: 32717420 PMCID: PMC8011630 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of SOD2 (MnSOD)-deficiency-induced excessive oxidative stress on ovarian steroidogenesis in vivo and isolated and cultured granulosa cells using WT and Sod2+/- mice. Basal and 48 h eCG-stimulated plasma progesterone levels were decreased ~50% in female Sod2+/- mice, whereas plasma progesterone levels were decreased ~70% in Sod2+/- mice after sequential stimulation with eCG followed by hCG. Sod2+/- deficiency caused about 50% reduction in SOD2 activity in granulosa cells. SOD2-deficiency also caused a marked reduction in progestins and estradiol in isolated granulosa cells. qRT-PCR measurements indicated that the mRNA expression levels of StAR protein and steroidogenic enzymes are decreased in the ovaries of Sod2+/- mice. Further studies showed a defect in the movement of mobilized cytosolic cholesterol to mitochondria. The ovarian membrane from Sod2+/- mice showed higher susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. These data indicates that SOD2-deficiency induced oxidative stress inhibits ovarian granulosa cell steroidogenesis primarily by interfering with cholesterol transport to mitochondria and attenuating the expression of Star protein gene and key steroidogenic enzyme genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Kashif Zaidi
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Wen-Jun Shen
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Yuan Cortez
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Stefanie Bittner
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Alex Bittner
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Sara Arshad
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ting-Ting Huang
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Salman Azhar
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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5
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Abstract
Dr. Sue Goo Rhee is recognized as a Redox Pioneer because he has published five articles in the field of antioxidants and redox signaling that have been cited >1000 times and 69 of his articles in this field have been cited between 100 and 1000 times. Dr. Rhee is known for his discovery of the first three prototypical members of the phospholipase C family, and for the discovery of the ubiquitously expressed peroxiredoxins. Peroxiredoxin catalyzes the thiol-mediated reduction of H2O2. These enzymes protect cellular molecules from oxidative damage. Importantly, they also regulate cell signaling by modulating the intracellular levels of H2O2 that are induced by signaling agonists. He elucidated the mechanism by which the peroxiredoxins participate in signaling by H2O2: Dr. Rhee demonstrated that growth agonists such as epidermal growth factor induce a transient elevation of intracellular H2O2 that oxidize the catalytically essential cysteine residue of protein tyrosine phosphatases. The oxidation inactivates the phosphatases, allowing enhanced protein tyrosine phosphorylation to mediate cell signaling. In addition, he established that peroxiredoxins are exquisitely regulated through phosphorylation, glutathionylation, and hyperoxidation of their active site cysteine to cysteine sulfinic acid. Dr. Rhee showed that cysteine oxidation to its sulfinic acid derivative is not irreversible as previously thought. The reduction of hyperoxidized peroxiredoxin is catalyzed by sulfiredoxin. His further investigations implicated cyclic hyperoxidation and reduction of peroxiredoxin in the regulation of certain circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney L Levine
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - P Boon Chock
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Zhang J, Chatham JC, Young ME. Circadian Regulation of Cardiac Physiology: Rhythms That Keep the Heart Beating. Annu Rev Physiol 2019; 82:79-101. [PMID: 31589825 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
On Earth, all life is exposed to dramatic changes in the environment over the course of the day; consequently, organisms have evolved strategies to both adapt to and anticipate these 24-h oscillations. As a result, time of day is a major regulator of mammalian physiology and processes, including transcription, signaling, metabolism, and muscle contraction, all of which oscillate over the course of the day. In particular, the heart is subject to wide fluctuations in energetic demand throughout the day as a result of waking, physical activity, and food intake patterns. Daily rhythms in cardiovascular function ensure that increased delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and endocrine factors to organs during the active period and the removal of metabolic by-products are in balance. Failure to maintain these physiologic rhythms invariably has pathologic consequences. This review highlights rhythms that underpin cardiac physiology. More specifically, we summarize the key aspects of cardiac physiology that oscillate over the course of the day and discuss potential mechanisms that regulate these 24-h rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA;
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7
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Yamada Y, Prosser RA. Copper in the suprachiasmatic circadian clock: A possible link between multiple circadian oscillators. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 51:47-70. [PMID: 30269387 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is very robust, able to coordinate our daily physiological and behavioral rhythms with exquisite accuracy. Simultaneously, the SCN clock is highly sensitive to environmental timing cues such as the solar cycle. This duality of resiliency and sensitivity may be sustained in part by a complex intertwining of three cellular oscillators: transcription/translation, metabolic/redox, and membrane excitability. We suggest here that one of the links connecting these oscillators may be forged from copper (Cu). Cellular Cu levels are highly regulated in the brain and peripherally, and Cu affects cellular metabolism, redox state, cell signaling, and transcription. We have shown that both Cu chelation and application induce nighttime phase shifts of the SCN clock in vitro and that these treatments affect glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, and associated signaling processes differently. More recently we found that Cu induces mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent phase shifts, while the mechanisms by which Cu removal induces phase shifts remain unclear. Lastly, we have found that two Cu transporters are expressed in the SCN, and that one of these transporters (ATP7A) exhibits a day/night rhythm. Our results suggest that Cu homeostasis is tightly regulated in the SCN, and that changes in Cu levels may serve as a time cue for the circadian clock. We discuss these findings in light of the existing literature and current models of multiple coupled circadian oscillators in the SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Yamada
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, NeuroNET Research Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Rebecca A Prosser
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, NeuroNET Research Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
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8
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Bolduc JA, Nelson KJ, Haynes AC, Lee J, Reisz JA, Graff AH, Clodfelter JE, Parsonage D, Poole LB, Furdui CM, Lowther WT. Novel hyperoxidation resistance motifs in 2-Cys peroxiredoxins. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11901-11912. [PMID: 29884768 PMCID: PMC6066324 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Cys peroxiredoxins (Prxs) modulate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated cell signaling. At high H2O2 levels, eukaryotic Prxs can be inactivated by hyperoxidation and are classified as sensitive Prxs. In contrast, prokaryotic Prxs are categorized as being resistant to hyperoxidation and lack the GGLG and C-terminal YF motifs present in the sensitive Prxs. Additional molecular determinants that account for the subtle differences in the susceptibility to hyperoxidation remain to be identified. A comparison of a new, 2.15-Å-resolution crystal structure of Prx2 in the oxidized, disulfide-bonded state with the hyperoxidized structure of Prx2 and Prx1 in complex with sulfiredoxin revealed three structural regions that rearrange during catalysis. With these regions in hand, focused sequence analyses were performed comparing sensitive and resistant Prx groups. From this combinatorial approach, we discovered two novel hyperoxidation resistance motifs, motifs A and B, which were validated using mutagenesis of sensitive human Prxs and resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium AhpC. Introduction and removal of these motifs, respectively, resulted in drastic changes in the sensitivity to hyperoxidation with Prx1 becoming 100-fold more resistant to hyperoxidation and AhpC becoming 800-fold more sensitive to hyperoxidation. The increased sensitivity of the latter AhpC variant was also confirmed in vivo These results support the function of motifs A and B as primary drivers for tuning the sensitivity of Prxs to different levels of H2O2, thus enabling the initiation of variable signaling or antioxidant responses in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jingyun Lee
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Julie A. Reisz
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Aaron H. Graff
- From the Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry
| | | | - Derek Parsonage
- From the Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry
| | - Leslie B. Poole
- From the Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry, ,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, and ,Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157 and ,Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101
| | - Cristina M. Furdui
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, ,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, and ,Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157 and ,Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101
| | - W. Todd Lowther
- From the Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry, ,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, and ,Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157 and ,Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, To whom correspondence should be addressed:
Center for Structural Biology, Dept. of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157. Tel.:
336-716-7230; Fax:
336-713-1283; E-mail:
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9
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Pelster B, Egg M. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors in fish: expression, function and interconnection with the circadian clock. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:221/13/jeb163709. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.163709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The hypoxia-inducible transcription factors are key regulators for the physiological response to low oxygen availability. In vertebrates, typically three Hif-α isoforms, Hif-1α, Hif-2α and Hif-3α, are expressed, each of which, together with Hif-1β, may form a functional heterodimer under hypoxic conditions, controlling expression of hundreds of genes. A teleost-specific whole-genome duplication complicates the analysis of isoform-specific functions in fish, but recent studies suggest that the existence of paralogues of a specific isoform opens up the possibility for a subfunctionalization. In contrast to during development inside the uterus, fish eggs are freely accessible and studies analyzing Hif expression in fish embryos during development have revealed that Hif proteins are not only controlling the hypoxic response, but are also crucial for proper development and organ differentiation. Significant advances have been made in our knowledge about tissue-specific functions of Hif proteins, especially with respect to gill or gonadal tissue. The hypoxia signalling pathway is known to be tightly and mutually intertwined with the circadian clock in zebrafish and mammals. Recently, a mechanistic explanation for the hypoxia-induced dampening of the transcriptional clock was detected in zebrafish, including also metabolically induced alterations of cellular redox signalling. In turn, MAP kinase-mediated H2O2 signalling modulates the temporal expression of Hif-1α protein, similar to the redox regulation of the circadian clock itself. Once again, the zebrafish has emerged as an excellent model organism with which to explore these specific functional aspects of basic eukaryotic cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Pelster
- Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Margit Egg
- Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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10
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are thiol peroxidases with multiple functions in the antioxidant defense and redox signaling network of the cell. Our progressing understanding assigns both local and global significance to plant Prxs, which are grouped in four Prx types. In plants they are localized to the cytosol, mitochondrion, plastid, and nucleus. Antioxidant defense is fundamentally connected to redox signaling, cellular communication, and acclimation. The thiol-disulfide network is central part of the stress sensing and processing response and integrates information input with redox regulation. Recent Advances: Prxs function both as redox sensory system within the network and redox-dependent interactors. The processes directly or indirectly targeted by Prxs include gene expression, post-transcriptional reactions, including translation, post-translational regulation, and switching or tuning of metabolic pathways, and other cell activities. The most advanced knowledge is available for the chloroplast 2-CysPrx wherein recently a solid interactome has been defined. An in silico analysis of protein structure and coexpression reinforces new insights into the 2-CysPrx functionality. CRITICAL ISSUES Up to now, Prxs often have been investigated for local properties of enzyme activity. In vitro and ex vivo work with mutants will reveal the ability of Prxs to interfere with multiple cellular components, including crosstalk with Ca2+-linked signaling pathways, hormone signaling, and protein homeostasis. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Complementation of the Prxs knockout lines with variants that mimic specific states, namely devoid of peroxidase activity, lacking the oligomerization ability, resembling the hyperoxidized decamer, or with truncated C-terminus, should allow dissecting the roles as thiol peroxidase, oxidant, interaction partner, and chaperone. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 609-624.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Liebthal
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld , Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Daniel Maynard
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld , Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld , Bielefeld, Germany
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11
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Kuksal N, Chalker J, Mailloux RJ. Progress in understanding the molecular oxygen paradox - function of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in cell signaling. Biol Chem 2017; 398:1209-1227. [PMID: 28675747 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The molecular oxygen (O2) paradox was coined to describe its essential nature and toxicity. The latter characteristic of O2 is associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage structures vital for cellular function. Mammals are equipped with antioxidant systems to fend off the potentially damaging effects of ROS. However, under certain circumstances antioxidant systems can become overwhelmed leading to oxidative stress and damage. Over the past few decades, it has become evident that ROS, specifically H2O2, are integral signaling molecules complicating the previous logos that oxyradicals were unfortunate by-products of oxygen metabolism that indiscriminately damage cell structures. To avoid its potential toxicity whilst taking advantage of its signaling properties, it is vital for mitochondria to control ROS production and degradation. H2O2 elimination pathways are well characterized in mitochondria. However, less is known about how H2O2 production is controlled. The present review examines the importance of mitochondrial H2O2 in controlling various cellular programs and emerging evidence for how production is regulated. Recently published studies showing how mitochondrial H2O2 can be used as a secondary messenger will be discussed in detail. This will be followed with a description of how mitochondria use S-glutathionylation to control H2O2 production.
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12
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Dugbartey GJ, Hardenberg MC, Kok WF, Boerema AS, Carey HV, Staples JF, Henning RH, Bouma HR. Renal Mitochondrial Response to Low Temperature in Non-Hibernating and Hibernating Species. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:599-617. [PMID: 28322600 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Therapeutic hypothermia is commonly applied to limit ischemic injury in organ transplantation, during cardiac and brain surgery and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In these procedures, the kidneys are particularly at risk for ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), likely due to their high rate of metabolism. Although hypothermia mitigates ischemic kidney injury, it is not a panacea. Residual mitochondrial failure is believed to be a key event triggering loss of cellular homeostasis, and potentially cell death. Subsequent rewarming generates large amounts of reactive oxygen species that aggravate organ injury. Recent Advances: Hibernators are able to withstand periods of profoundly reduced metabolism and body temperature ("torpor"), interspersed by brief periods of rewarming ("arousal") without signs of organ injury. Specific adaptations allow maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis, limit oxidative stress, and protect against cell death. These adaptations consist of active suppression of mitochondrial function and upregulation of anti-oxidant enzymes and anti-apoptotic pathways. CRITICAL ISSUES Unraveling the precise molecular mechanisms that allow hibernators to cycle through torpor and arousal without precipitating organ injury may translate into novel pharmacological approaches to limit IRI in patients. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Although the precise signaling routes involved in natural hibernation are not yet fully understood, torpor-like hypothermic states with increased resistance to ischemia/reperfusion can be induced pharmacologically by 5'-adenosine monophosphate (5'-AMP), adenosine, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in non-hibernators. In this review, we compare the molecular effects of hypothermia in non-hibernators with natural and pharmacologically induced torpor, to delineate how safe and reversible metabolic suppression may provide resistance to renal IRI. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 599-617.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Dugbartey
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen, the Netherlands .,2 Division of Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Maarten C Hardenberg
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wendelinde F Kok
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ate S Boerema
- 3 Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen , Groningen, the Netherlands .,4 Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah V Carey
- 5 Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - James F Staples
- 6 Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
| | - Robert H Henning
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar R Bouma
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen, the Netherlands .,7 Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen, the Netherlands
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13
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Chouchani ET, Kazak L, Spiegelman BM. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and adipose tissue thermogenesis: Bridging physiology and mechanisms. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16810-16816. [PMID: 28842500 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r117.789628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown and beige adipose tissues can catabolize stored energy to generate heat, relying on the principal effector of thermogenesis: uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). This unique capability could be leveraged as a therapy for metabolic disease. Numerous animal and cellular models have now demonstrated that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal to support adipocyte thermogenic identity and function. Herein, we contextualize these findings within the established principles of redox signaling and mechanistic studies of UCP1 function. We provide a framework for understanding the role of mitochondrial ROS signaling in thermogenesis together with testable hypotheses for understanding mechanisms and developing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Chouchani
- From the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School and.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Lawrence Kazak
- From the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School and.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- From the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School and .,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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14
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Shi S, Guo Y, Lou Y, Li Q, Cai X, Zhong X, Li H. Sulfiredoxin involved in the protection of peroxiredoxins against hyperoxidation in the early hyperglycaemia. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:273-280. [PMID: 28202395 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As a direct consequence of hyperglycaemia, the excessive generation of ROS is central to the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We hypothesize that stimulation of high glucose (HG) results in an increased sulfiredoxin (Srx) expression, which regulates ROS signaling through reducing the hyperoxidized peroxiredoxins (Prxs). We show that hyperoxidized Prxs were initially reduced in the preliminary stage but then dramatically increased in advanced stage and these changes corresponded to a significant increase of Srx expression in the heart of diabetic rats. These time-dependent changes were also confirmed in neonatal cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cells treated with HG. Moreover, the reduction rate of hyperoxidized Prxs was greatly improved in the HG 24h group, which had an elevated expression of Srx. Our data also show that HG-induced AP1 activation and Srx expression were almost abolished by JNK inhibitor and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). In addition, siRNA-Srx suppressed HG-induced ANP and β-MHC gene expression. These observations suggest that activation of AP1 induced by HG is important for the expression of Srx and the reduction of hyperoxidized Prxs in cardiomyocytes. This Srx induction maybe is the pivotal compensatory protection mechanism against oxidative stress in diabetes or hyperglycaemia. Most interestingly, hyperoxidized Prxs/Srx pathway may be involved in the cardiac hypertrophy signaling of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yunqiu Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yanping Lou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Quanfeng Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaona Cai
- Department of Blood transfusion, Jiamusi Central Hospital, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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15
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Baek JY, Park S, Park J, Jang JY, Wang SB, Kim SR, Woo HA, Lim KM, Chang TS. Protective Role of Mitochondrial Peroxiredoxin III against UVB-Induced Apoptosis of Epidermal Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1333-1342. [PMID: 28202400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UVB light induces generation of reactive oxygen species, ultimately leading to skin cell damage. Mitochondria are a major source of reactive oxygen species in UVB-irradiated skin cells, with increased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species having been implicated in keratinocyte apoptosis. Peroxiredoxin III (PrxIII) is the most abundant and potent H2O2-removing enzyme in the mitochondria of most cell types. Here, the protective role of PrxIII against UVB-induced apoptosis of epidermal keratinocytes was investigated. Mitochondrial H2O2 levels were differentiated from other types of ROS using mitochondria-specific fluorescent H2O2 indicators. Upon UVB irradiation, PrxIII-knockdown HaCaT human keratinocytes and PrxIII-deficient (PrxIII-/-) mouse primary keratinocytes exhibited enhanced accumulation of mitochondrial H2O2 compared with PrxIII-expressing controls. Keratinocytes lacking PrxIII were subsequently sensitized to apoptosis through mitochondrial membrane potential loss, cardiolipin oxidation, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation. Increased UVB-induced epidermal tissue damage in PrxIII-/- mice was attributable to increased caspase-dependent keratinocyte apoptosis. Our findings show that mitochondrial H2O2 is a key mediator in UVB-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes and that PrxIII plays a critical role in protecting epidermal keratinocytes against UVB-induced apoptosis through eliminating mitochondrial H2O2. These findings support the concept that reinforcing mitochondrial PrxIII defenses may help prevent UVB-induced skin damage such as inflammation, sunburn, and photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Baek
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Jang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bin Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Ri Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Woo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong-Shin Chang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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