1
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Saxon E, Ali T, Peng X. Hydrogen peroxide responsive theranostics for cancer-selective activation of DNA alkylators and real-time fluorescence monitoring in living cells. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116695. [PMID: 39047609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a notoriously difficult disease to treat, and many of the existing TNBC chemotherapeutics lack tumor selectivity and the capability for simultaneously visualizing and monitoring their own activity in the biological context. However, TNBC cells have been known to generate high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). To this end, three novel small molecule theranostics 1a, 1c, and 2 consisting of both H2O2-responsive nitrogen mustard prodrug and profluorophore character have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated as targeted cancer therapeutics and bioimaging agents. The three theranostics comprise of boronate esters that deactivate nitrogen mustard functional groups and fluorophores but allow their selective activation through H2O2-specific oxidative deboronation for the release of the active drug and fluorophore. The three theranostics demonstrated H2O2-inducible DNA-alkylating capability and fluorescence turn-on properties in addition to selective anticancer activity. They are particularly effective in killing TNBC MDA-MB-468 cells with high H2O2 level while safe to normal epithelial MCF-10A cell. The conjugated boron-masked fluorophores in 1c and 2 are highly responsive towards H2O2, which enabled tracking of the theranostics in living cellular mitochondria and nucleus organelles. The three theranostics 1a, 1c, and 2 are capable of both selective release of the active drug to take effect in H2O2-rich cancer sites and simultaneously monitoring its activity. This single molecule system is of utmost importance to understand the function, efficacy, and mechanism of the H2O2-activated prodrugs and theranostics within the living recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eron Saxon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Taufeeque Ali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Xiaohua Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA.
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2
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Siarkiewicz P, Luzak B, Michalski R, Artelska A, Szala M, Przygodzki T, Sikora A, Zielonka J, Grzelakowska A, Podsiadły R. Evaluation of a novel pyridinium cation-linked styryl-based boronate probe for the detection of selected inflammation-related oxidants. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 212:255-270. [PMID: 38122872 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are a range of chemical individuals produced by living cells that contribute to the proper functioning of organisms. Cells under oxidative and nitrative stress show excessive production of RONS (including hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, hypochlorous acid, HOCl, and peroxynitrite, ONOO-) which may result in a damage proteins, lipids, and genetic material. Thus, the development of probes for in vivo detection of such oxidants is an active area of research, focusing on molecular redox sensors, including boronate-caged fluorophores. Here, we report a boronate-based styryl probe with a cationic pyridinium moiety (BANEP+) for the fluorescent detection of selected biological oxidants in vitro and in vivo. We compare the chemical reactivity of the BANEP+ probe toward H2O2, HOCl, and ONOO- and examine the influence of the major intracellular non-enzymatic antioxidant molecule, glutathione (GSH). We demonstrate that, at the physiologically relevant GSH concentration, the BANEP+ probe is efficiently oxidized by peroxynitrite, forming its phenolic derivative HNEP+. GSH does not affect the fluorescence properties of the BANEP+ and HNEP+ dyes. Finally, we report the identification of a novel type of molecular marker, with the boronate moiety replaced by the iodine atom, formed from the probe in the presence of HOCl and iodide anion. We conclude that the reported chemical reactivity and structural features of the BANEP+ probe may be a basis for the development of new red fluorescent probes for in vitro and in vivo detection of ONOO-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Siarkiewicz
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Bogusława Luzak
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Michalski
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Angelika Artelska
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Szala
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Przygodzki
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Cancer Center Translational Metabolomics Shared Resource, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Aleksandra Grzelakowska
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Podsiadły
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland.
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3
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Modrzejewska J, Grzelakowska A, Szala M, Michalski R, Zakłos-Szyda M, Podsiadły R. Pro-fluorescent probe with morpholine moiety and its reactivity towards selected biological oxidants. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4685. [PMID: 38332465 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Biological oxidants participate in many processes in the human body. Their excessive production causes organelle damage, which may result in the accumulation of cytotoxic mediators and cell degradation and may manifest itself in various diseases. Peroxynitrite (ONOO- ), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), and peroxymonocarbonate (HOOCO2 - ) are important oxidants in biology, toxicology, and various pathologies. Derivatives of coumarin, containing an oxidant-sensitive boronate group, have been recently developed for the fluorescent detection of inflammatory oxidants. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of 4-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl boronic acid (MpC-BA) as a fluorescent probe for the detection of oxidants, with better solubility in water, high stability and fast response time toward peroxynitrite and hypochlorous acid. The effectiveness of the MpC-BA probe for the detection of peroxynitrite was measured by adding bolus ONOO- or using the co-generating superoxide and nitrogen oxide system. MpC-BA is oxidized by ONOO- to 7-hydroxy-4-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-2H-chromen-2-one (MpC-OH). However, peroxynitrite-specific product (MpC-H) is formed in the minor reaction pathway. MpC-OH is also yielded in the reaction of MpC-BA with HOCl, and the subsequent formation of a chlorinated MpC-OH gives a specific product for HOCl (MpC-OHCl). H2 O2 slowly oxidizes MpC-BA. However, the addition of NaHCO3 increased the MpC-OH formation rate. We conclude that MpC-BA is potentially an improved fluorescent probe detecting peroxynitrite and hypochlorite in biological settings. Complementation of the fluorescence measurements by HPLC-based identification of chlorinated and reduced coumarin(s) will help identify the oxidants detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Modrzejewska
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Grzelakowska
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Szala
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Michalski
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Podsiadły
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, Lodz, Poland
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4
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Cai Y, Hu H, Wu Z, Yu C. A dual-lock-controlled mitochondria-targeted ratiometric fluorescence probe for simultaneous detection of atherosclerosis-related HClO and viscosity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123225. [PMID: 37586279 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Precise detection of inflammatory microenvironment-related viscosity and hypochlorous acid (HClO) contributes to illuminating the pathogenesis and further diagnosing of atherosclerosis (AS). Herein, a dual-lock-controlled mitochondria-targeted fluorescence probe (NS) for simultaneous imaging of HClO and viscosity in AS-related foam cells is presented. NS performs linear increase in green-fluorescence along with increased viscosity (excited at 425 nm), permitting "off-on" fluorescence imaging of viscosity. Meanwhile, upon HClO activation, NS exhibits red-shifted and enhanced fluorescence in orange, thus leading to ratiometric fluorescence quantification of HClO (excited at 465 nm). Such dual-lock-controlled effect makes NS realize simultaneous imaging of viscosity and HClO with high sensitivity and selectivity via "off-on" and ratiometric fluorescence readouts, respectively. Besides, endowed with mitochondria-targeting capacity, NS achieves in situ imaging of mitochondria viscosity and HClO in living RAW264.7 cells. Importantly, for the first time, NS realizes simultaneous imaging of mitochondria viscosity and HClO in macrophage-derived foam cells, revealing the close association between HClO level and viscosity change in mitochondria during foaming translation of macrophages in atherogenesis. This work not only provides a novel strategy and tool to image organelle-located viscosity and HClO in living systems, but also holds great potential in early diagnosis of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Hui Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Zhen Wu
- University of Science and Technology Beijing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Chao Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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5
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Luo P, Gao FQ, Sun W, Li JY, Wang C, Zhang QY, Li ZZ, Xu P. Activatable fluorescent probes for imaging and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:31. [PMID: 37443101 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that is primarily manifested as synovitis and polyarticular opacity and typically leads to serious joint damage and irreversible disability, thus adversely affecting locomotion ability and life quality. Consequently, good prognosis heavily relies on the early diagnosis and effective therapeutic monitoring of RA. Activatable fluorescent probes play vital roles in the detection and imaging of biomarkers for disease diagnosis and in vivo imaging. Herein, we review the fluorescent probes developed for the detection and imaging of RA biomarkers, namely reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (hypochlorous acid, peroxynitrite, hydroxyl radical, nitroxyl), pH, and cysteine, and address the related challenges and prospects to inspire the design of novel fluorescent probes and the improvement of their performance in RA studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Luo
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jun-You Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qing-Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Zhi-Zhuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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6
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Teng X, Ling Q, Liu T, Li L, Lu C. Nanomaterial-based chemiluminescence systems for tracing of reactive oxygen species in biosensors. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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7
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Cui WL, Wang MH, Yang YH, Wang JY, Zhu X, Zhang H, Ji X. Recent advances and perspectives in reaction-based fluorescent probes for imaging peroxynitrite in biological systems. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Zhang ZH, Li CC, Qu J, Zhang H, Liu K, Wang JY. A novel and fast-responsive two-photon fluorescent probe with modified group for monitoring endogenous HClO accompanied by a large turn-on signal and its application in zebrafish imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 278:121361. [PMID: 35569200 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HClO) plays a critical role in physiological activities of maintaining the stable oxidation balance of organisms, which was proved to relate to some serious diseases. In this work, 4-nitrobenzenesulfonylhydrazide based fast-responsive two-photon fluorescent probe CoPh-ClO was designed and synthesized reasonably, which possessed low cytotoxicity, good anti-interference characteristics, a large Stokes shift (85 nm), and good two-photon performance. In addition, probe CoPh-ClO was successfully applied to detect exogenous HClO in living HeLa cells and endogenous HClO in living RAW264.7 cells respectively. Moreover, we successfully achieved tissues imaging with a deep penetration depth of 65 µm and zebrafish imaging accompanied with a high contrast (about 45-fold). Interestingly, the introduce of benzene ring between fluorophore and reaction site made probe CoPh-ClO more sensitive (only 20 s) with a large turn-on signal. The probe CoPh-ClO was modified and possessed better stability (more than 10 mins) even in excessive HClO. All of mentioned above merits demonstrated that CoPh-ClO could be a promising imaging tool for monitoring HClO in various physiological processes, and the introduction of benzene ring would provide a new perspective for the development of multi-function probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Light Industry, Qi Lu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R., China
| | - Cong-Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Light Industry, Qi Lu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R., China
| | - Jianbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Light Industry, Qi Lu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R., China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Light Industry, Qi Lu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R., China
| | - Keyin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Light Industry, Qi Lu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R., China
| | - Jian-Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Light Industry, Qi Lu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R., China.
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9
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Michalski R, Smulik-Izydorczyk R, Pięta J, Rola M, Artelska A, Pierzchała K, Zielonka J, Kalyanaraman B, Sikora AB. The Chemistry of HNO: Mechanisms and Reaction Kinetics. Front Chem 2022; 10:930657. [PMID: 35864868 PMCID: PMC9294461 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.930657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Azanone (HNO, also known as nitroxyl) is the protonated form of the product of one-electron reduction of nitric oxide (•NO), and an elusive electrophilic reactive nitrogen species of increasing pharmacological significance. Over the past 20 years, the interest in the biological chemistry of HNO has increased significantly due to the numerous beneficial pharmacological effects of its donors. Increased availability of various HNO donors was accompanied by great progress in the understanding of HNO chemistry and chemical biology. This review is focused on the chemistry of HNO, with emphasis on reaction kinetics and mechanisms in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Michalski
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Pięta
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Rola
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Angelika Artelska
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Pierzchała
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Adam Bartłomiej Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Adam Bartłomiej Sikora,
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10
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Grzelakowska A, Modrzejewska J, Kolińska J, Szala M, Zielonka M, Dębowska K, Zakłos-Szyda M, Sikora A, Zielonka J, Podsiadły R. Water-soluble cationic boronate probe based on coumarin imidazolium scaffold: Synthesis, characterization, and application to cellular peroxynitrite detection. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:34-46. [PMID: 34923103 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) has been implicated in numerous pathologies associated with an inflammatory component, but its selective and sensitive detection in biological settings remains a challenge. Here, the development of a new water-soluble and cationic boronate probe based on a coumarin-imidazolium scaffold (CI-Bz-BA) for the fluorescent detection of ONOO- in cells is reported. The chemical reactivity of the CI-Bz-BA probe toward selected oxidants known to react with the boronate moiety was characterized, and the suitability of the probe for the direct detection of ONOO- in cell-free and cellular system is reported. Oxidation of the probe results in the formation of the primary hydroxybenzyl product (CI-Bz-OH), followed by the spontaneous elimination of the quinone methide moiety to produce the secondary phenol (CI-OH), which is accompanied by a red shift in the fluorescence emission band from 405 nm to 481 nm. CI-Bz-BA reacts with ONOO- stoichiometrically with a rate constant of ∼1 × 106 M-1s-1 to form, in addition to the major phenolic product CI-OH, the minor nitrated product CI-Bz-NO2, which is not formed by other oxidants tested or via myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation/nitration. Both CI-OH and CI-Bz-NO2 products were also formed in the presence of cogenerated fluxes of nitric oxide and superoxide radical anion produced during decomposition of a SIN-1 donor. Using RAW 264.7 cells, we demonstrate the ability of the probe to report endogenously produced ONOO-via fluorescence measurements, including plate reader real time monitoring and two-photon fluorescence imaging. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses of cell extracts and media confirmed the formation of both CI-OH and CI-Bz-NO2 in macrophages activated to produce ONOO-. We propose the use of a combination of real-time monitoring of probe oxidation using fluorimetry and fluorescence microscopy with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based product identification for rigorous detection and quantitative analyses of ONOO- in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Grzelakowska
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Julia Modrzejewska
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Kolińska
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marcin Szala
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Monika Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, United States.
| | - Karolina Dębowska
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Adam Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, United States.
| | - Radosław Podsiadły
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537, Lodz, Poland.
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11
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Li J, He R, Duan S, Li J, Han X, Ye Y. Construction and Cell Imaging Study of a Novel Fluorescent Probe for ONOO – Detection. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202203023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Recent Developments in Plasmonic Sensors of Phenol and Its Derivatives. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112210519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many scientists are increasingly interested in on-site detection methods of phenol and its derivatives because these substances have been universally used as a significant raw material in the industrial manufacturing of various chemicals of antimicrobials, anti-inflammatory drugs, antioxidants, and so on. The contamination of phenolic compounds in the natural environment is a toxic response that induces harsh impacts on plants, animals, and human health. This mini-review updates recent developments and trends of novel plasmonic resonance nanomaterials, which are assisted by various optical sensors, including colorimetric, fluorescence, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), and plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. These advanced and powerful analytical tools exhibit potential application for ultrahigh sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid detection of phenol and its derivatives. In this report, we mainly emphasize the recent progress and novel trends in the optical sensors of phenolic compounds. The applications of Raman technologies based on pure noble metals, hybrid nanomaterials, and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are presented, in which the remaining establishments and challenges are discussed and summarized to inspire the future improvement of scientific optical sensors into easy-to-operate effective platforms for the rapid and trace detection of phenol and its derivatives.
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13
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Modrzejewska J, Szala M, Grzelakowska A, Zakłos-Szyda M, Zielonka J, Podsiadły R. Novel Boronate Probe Based on 3-Benzothiazol-2-yl-7-hydroxy-chromen-2-one for the Detection of Peroxynitrite and Hypochlorite. Molecules 2021; 26:5940. [PMID: 34641484 PMCID: PMC8512868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Derivatives of coumarin, containing oxidant-sensitive boronate group, were recently developed for fluorescent detection of inflammatory oxidants. Here, we report the synthesis and the characterization of 3-(2-benzothiazolyl)-7-coumarin boronic acid pinacol ester (BC-BE) as a fluorescent probe for the detection of peroxynitrite (ONOO-), with high stability and a fast response time. The BC-BE probe hydrolyzes in phosphate buffer to 3-(2-benzothiazolyl)-7-coumarin boronic acid (BC-BA) which is stable in the solution even after a prolonged incubation time (24 h). BC-BA is slowly oxidized by H2O2 to form the phenolic product, 3-benzothiazol-2-yl-7-hydroxy-chromen-2-one (BC-OH). On the other hand, the BC-BA probe reacts rapidly with ONOO-. The ability of the BC-BA probe to detect ONOO- was measured using both authentic ONOO- and the system co-generating steady-state fluxes of O2•- and •NO. BC-BA is oxidized by ONOO- to BC-OH. However, in this reaction 3-benzothiazol-2-yl-chromen-2-one (BC-H) is formed in the minor pathway, as a peroxynitrite-specific product. BC-OH is also formed in the reaction of BC-BA with HOCl, and subsequent reaction of BC-OH with HOCl leads to the formation of a chlorinated phenolic product, which could be used as a specific product for HOCl. We conclude that BC-BA shows potential as an improved fluorescent probe for the detection of peroxynitrite and hypochlorite in biological settings. Complementation of the fluorescence measurements by HPLC-based identification of oxidant-specific products will help to identify the oxidants detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Modrzejewska
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (J.M.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Marcin Szala
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (J.M.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Aleksandra Grzelakowska
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (J.M.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Radosław Podsiadły
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (J.M.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
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