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Zhou W, Yang F, Zhang X. Roles of M1 Macrophages and Their Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Therapy. Cells 2024; 13:1428. [PMID: 39273000 PMCID: PMC11394047 DOI: 10.3390/cells13171428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are inflammatory cells that are important components of the tumor microenvironment. TAMs are functionally heterogeneous and divided into two main subpopulations with distinct and opposite functions: M1 and M2 macrophages. The secretory function of TAMs is essential for combating infections, regulating immune responses, and promoting tissue repair. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles that are secreted by cells. They play a crucial role in mediating intercellular information transfer between cells. EVs can be secreted by almost all types of cells, and they contain proteins, microRNAs, mRNAs, and even long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that have been retained from the parental cell through the process of biogenesis. EVs can influence the function and behavior of target cells by delivering their contents, thus reflecting, to some extent, the characteristics of their parental cells. Here, we provide an overview of the role of M1 macrophages and their EVs in cancer therapy by exploring the impact of M1 macrophage-derived EVs (M1-EVs) on tumors by transferring small microRNAs. Additionally, we discuss the potential of M1-EVs as drug carriers and the possibility of reprogramming M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages for disease treatment. We propose that M1-EVs play a crucial role in cancer therapy by transferring microRNAs and loading them with drugs. Reprogramming M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages holds great promise in the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Fengtang Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Xiuzhen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
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Behera BP, Mishra SR, Mahapatra KK, Patil S, Efferth T, Bhutia SK. SIRT1-activating butein inhibits arecoline-induced mitochondrial dysfunction through PGC1α and MTP18 in oral cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155511. [PMID: 38723523 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction associated with mitochondrial DNA mutations, enzyme defects, generation of ROS, and altered oxidative homeostasis is known to induce oral carcinogenesis during exposure to arecoline. Butein, a natural small molecule from Butea monosperma, possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer effects. However, the role of butein in the mitochondrial quality control mechanism has not been illuminated clearly. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the role of butein in preserving mitochondrial quality control during arecoline-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in oral cancer to curtail the early onset of carcinogenesis. METHODS Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. The relative protein expressions were determined by western blotting. Immunofluorescence and confocal imaging were used to analyze the relative fluorescence and co-localization of proteins. Respective siRNAs were used to examine the knockdown-based studies. RESULTS Butein, in the presence of arecoline, significantly caused a decrease in mitochondrial hyperpolarization and ROS levels in oral cancer cells. Mechanistically, we found an increase in COXIV, TOM20, and PGC1α expression during butein treatment, and inhibition of PGC1α blunted mitochondrial biogenesis and decreased the mitochondrial pool. Moreover, the fission protein MTP18, and its molecular partners DRP1 and MFF were dose-dependently increased during butein treatment to maintain mitochondria mass. In addition, we also found increased expression of various mitophagy proteins, including PINK1, Parkin, and LC3 during butein treatment, suggesting the clearance of damaged mitochondria to maintain a healthy mitochondrial pool. Interestingly, butein increased the activity of SIRT1 to enhance the functional mitochondrial pool, and inhibition of SIRT1 found to reduce the mitochondrial levels, as evident from the decrease in the expression of PGC1α and MTP18 in oral cancer cells. CONCLUSION Our study proved that SIRT1 maintains a functional mitochondrial pool through PGC1α and MTP18 for biogenesis and fission of mitochondria during arecoline exposure and could decrease the risk of mitochondria dysfunctionality associated with the onset of oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Prasad Behera
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Sundergarh, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Soumya Ranjan Mishra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Sundergarh, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Kewal Kumar Mahapatra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Sundergarh, 769008, Odisha, India; Current affiliation: Department of Agriculture and Allied Sciences (Zoology), C. V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar, 752054, Odisha, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, 84095, UT, USA
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Sundergarh, 769008, Odisha, India.
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Hou Y, Wang H, Wu J, Guo H, Chen X. Dissecting the pleiotropic roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lung cancer: From carcinogenesis toward therapy. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1566-1595. [PMID: 38284170 DOI: 10.1002/med.22018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The specific pulmonary structure to directly connect with ambient air makes it more susceptible to damage from airborne toxins. External oxidative stimuli and endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in promoting lung carcinogenesis and development. The biological properties of higher ROS levels in tumor cells than in normal cells make them more sensitive and vulnerable to ROS injury. Therefore, the strategy of targeting ROS has been proposed for cancer therapy for decades. However, it is embarrassing that countless attempts at ROS-based therapies have had very limited success, and no FDA approval in the anticancer list was mechanistically based on ROS manipulation. Even compared with the untargetable proteins, such as transcription factors, ROS are more difficult to be targeted due to their chemical properties. Thus, the pleiotropic roles of ROS provide therapeutic potential for anticancer drug discovery, while a better dissection of the mechanistic action and signaling pathways is a prerequisite for future breakthroughs. This review discusses the critical roles of ROS in cancer carcinogenesis, ROS-inspired signaling pathways, and ROS-based treatment, exemplified by lung cancer. In particular, an eight considerations rule is proposed for ROS-targeting strategies and drug design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Bioactive Molecules & College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
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Kajimura Y, Tessari A, Orlacchio A, Thoms A, Cufaro MC, Marco FD, Amari F, Chen M, Soliman SHA, Rizzotto L, Zhang L, Amann J, Carbone DP, Ahmed A, Fiermonte G, Freitas M, Lodi A, Boccio PD, Palmieri D, Coppola V. An in vivo "turning model" reveals new RanBP9 interactions in lung macrophages. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.22.595416. [PMID: 38826292 PMCID: PMC11142189 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.22.595416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The biological functions of the scaffold protein Ran Binding Protein 9 (RanBP9) remain elusive in macrophages or any other cell type where this protein is expressed together with its CTLH (C-terminal to LisH) complex partners. We have engineered a new mouse model, named RanBP9-TurnX, where RanBP9 fused to three copies of the HA tag (RanBP9-3xHA) can be turned into RanBP9-V5 tagged upon Cre-mediated recombination. We created this model to enable stringent biochemical studies at cell type specific level throughout the entire organism. Here, we have used this tool crossed with LysM-Cre transgenic mice to identify RanBP9 interactions in lung macrophages. We show that RanBP9-V5 and RanBP9-3xHA can be both co-immunoprecipitated with the known members of the CTLH complex from the same whole lung lysates. However, more than ninety percent of the proteins pulled down by RanBP9-V5 differ from those pulled-down by RanBP9-HA. The lung RanBP9-V5 associated proteome includes previously unknown interactions with macrophage-specific proteins as well as with players of the innate immune response, DNA damage response, metabolism, and mitochondrial function. This work provides the first lung specific RanBP9-associated interactome in physiological conditions and reveals that RanBP9 and the CTLH complex could be key regulators of macrophage bioenergetics and immune functions.
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Vilchis-Landeros MM, Vázquez-Meza H, Vázquez-Carrada M, Uribe-Ramírez D, Matuz-Mares D. Antioxidant Enzymes and Their Potential Use in Breast Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5675. [PMID: 38891864 PMCID: PMC11171593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breast cancer (BC) is the deadliest and the most common type of cancer worldwide in women. Several factors associated with BC exert their effects by modulating the state of stress. They can induce genetic mutations or alterations in cell growth, encouraging neoplastic development and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are able to activate many signal transduction pathways, producing an inflammatory environment that leads to the suppression of programmed cell death and the promotion of tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis; these effects promote the development and progression of malignant neoplasms. However, cells have both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant systems that protect them by neutralizing the harmful effects of ROS. In this sense, antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and peroxiredoxin (Prx) protect the body from diseases caused by oxidative damage. In this review, we will discuss mechanisms through which some enzymatic antioxidants inhibit or promote carcinogenesis, as well as the new therapeutic proposals developed to complement traditional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Magdalena Vilchis-Landeros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico; (M.M.V.-L.); (H.V.-M.)
| | - Héctor Vázquez-Meza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico; (M.M.V.-L.); (H.V.-M.)
| | - Melissa Vázquez-Carrada
- Institute of Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Daniel Uribe-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City C.P. 07738, Mexico;
| | - Deyamira Matuz-Mares
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico; (M.M.V.-L.); (H.V.-M.)
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Zhu B, Wu J, Li T, Liu S, Guo J, Yu Y, Qiu X, Zhao Y, Peng H, Zhang J, Miao L, Wei H. A Glutathione Peroxidase-Mimicking Nanozyme Precisely Alleviates Reactive Oxygen Species and Promotes Periodontal Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302485. [PMID: 37902093 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of oxidoreductase nanozymes to regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) has gradually emerged in periodontology treatments. However, current nanozymes for treating periodontitis eliminate ROS extensively and non-specifically, ignoring the physiological functions of ROS under normal conditions, which may result in uncontrolled side effects. Herein, using the MIL-47(V)-F (MVF) nanozyme, which mimics the function of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), it is proposed that ROS can be properly regulated by specifically eliminating H2 O2 , the most prominent ROS. Through H2 O2 elimination, MVF contributes to limiting inflammation, regulating immune microenvironment, and promoting periodontal regeneration. Moreover, MVF stimulates osteogenic differentiation of periodontal stem cells directly, further promoting regeneration due to the vanadium in MVF. Mechanistically, MVF regulates ROS by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO-1) pathway and promotes osteogenic differentiation directly through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway. A promising periodontitis therapy strategy is presented using GPx-mimicking nanozymes through their triple effects of antioxidation, immunomodulation, and bone remodeling regulation, making nanozymes an excellent tool for developing precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijun Zhu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Jiangjiexing Wu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Tong Li
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Songtao Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Junheng Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yijun Yu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Qiu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Peng
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Jinli Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Leiying Miao
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wei
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
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7
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Ceccherini E, Michelucci E, Signore G, Coco B, Zari M, Bellini M, Brunetto MR, Cecchettini A, Rocchiccioli S. The Clinical Utility of the Saliva Proteome in Rare Diseases: A Pilot Study for Biomarker Discovery in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:544. [PMID: 38256678 PMCID: PMC10816894 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare chronic inflammatory liver disease characterized by biliary strictures and cholestasis. Due to the lack of effective serological indicators for diagnosis and prognosis, in the present study, we examined the potentiality of the saliva proteome to comprehensively screen for novel biomarkers. METHODS Saliva samples of PSC patients and healthy controls were processed and subsequently analyzed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique. A bioinformatic approach was applied to detect the differentially expressed proteins, their related biological functions and pathways, and the correlation with the clinical evidence in order to identify a possible marker for the PSC group. RESULTS We identified 25 differentially expressed proteins in PSC patients when compared to the healthy control group. Among them, eight proteins exhibited area under the curve values up to 0.800, suggesting these saliva proteins as good discriminators between the two groups. Multiple positive correlations were also identified between the dysregulated salivary proteins and increased serum alkaline phosphatase levels and the presence of ulcerative colitis. Pathway analysis revealed significant enrichments in the immune system, neutrophil degranulation, and in the interleukine-17 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the potentiality of saliva as a useful biofluid to obtain a fingerprint of the pathology, suggesting disulfide-isomerase A3 and peroxiredoxin-5 as the better discriminating proteins in PSC patients. Hence, analysis of saliva proteins could become, in future, a useful tool in the screening of patients with suspected PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ceccherini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.M.); (G.S.); (A.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Elena Michelucci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.M.); (G.S.); (A.C.); (S.R.)
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Signore
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.M.); (G.S.); (A.C.); (S.R.)
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Coco
- Hepatology Unit, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.C.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Michela Zari
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Massimo Bellini
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Maurizia Rossana Brunetto
- Hepatology Unit, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.C.); (M.R.B.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Cecchettini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.M.); (G.S.); (A.C.); (S.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Rocchiccioli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.M.); (G.S.); (A.C.); (S.R.)
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Cao J, Zhang H, Wei X, Zhou H. ANKRD22 promotes M2 polarization in lung adenocarcinoma macrophages via the glycolytic pathway. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14445. [PMID: 38230786 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype of lung cancer with a low 5-year survival rate. ANKRD22 is an ankyrin repeat protein capable of promoting tumor progression, and its mechanism in LUAD remains elusive. Our study aims to investigate the mechanisms underlying the involvement of ANKRD22 in the progression of LUAD. The expression of ANKRD22 in LUAD and its enriched pathway were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. Meanwhile, the correlation between ANKRD22 and the expression of glycolysis-related genes and M2 macrophage marker genes was analyzed. qRT-PCR was used for determination of the expression of ANKRD22, IL-10 and CCL17, CCK-8 for cell viability, and western blot for expression of ANKRD22, LDHA, HK2, PGK1, and PKM2. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were utilized to examine the level of CD163, and kits were used to measure the contents of pyruvic acid, lactate, citrate, and malate. Seahorse XF96 analyzer was employed to determine extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed using the JC-1 probe. Bioinformatics analysis, qRT-PCR, and western blot showed that ANKRD22 was highly expressed in LUAD, which had a positive connection with M2 marker genes. Knockdown of ANKRD22 considerably attenuated the expression of ANKRD22, IL-10, and CCL17 in M2. ANKRD22 overexpression demonstrated the opposite results. Bioinformatics analysis uncovered that ANKRD22 was enriched in the glycolytic pathway and positively correlated with glycolysis-related genes. The knockdown of ANKRD22 substantially attenuated pyruvic acid, lactate, citrate, malate, and ECAR levels and elevated OCR levels in cells. The knockdown of ANKRD22 also reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Further, it was discovered that glycolysis-related genes had a positive correlation with M2 marker genes. It was revealed by rescue experiments that the usage of 2-DG, a glycolytic inhibitor, remarkably reversed the facilitating effect of overexpression of ANKRD22 on M2 polarization. This study demonstrates that ANKRD22 can facilitate LUAD M2 polarization through glycolysis, and targeting ANKRD22 to inhibit M2 polarization has the potential to be a new strategy for LUAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jingmen People's Hospital, Jingmen, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Jingmen People's Hospital, Jingmen, China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Neurointensive Care Unit, Jingmen People's Hospital, Jingmen, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jingmen People's Hospital, Jingmen, China
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9
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Liu S, Huang B, Cao J, Wang Y, Xiao H, Zhu Y, Zhang H. ROS fine-tunes the function and fate of immune cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110069. [PMID: 37150014 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The redox state is essential to the process of cell life, which determines cell fate. As an important signaling molecule of the redox state, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial for the homeostasis of immune cells and participate in the pathological processes of different diseases. We discuss the underlying mechanisms and possible signaling pathways of ROS to fine-tune the proliferation, differentiation, polarization and function of immune cells, including T cells, B cells, neutrophils, macrophages, myeloid-derived inhibitory cells (MDSCs) and dendritic cells (DCs). We further emphasize how excessive ROS lead to programmed immune cell death such as apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, NETosis and necroptosis, providing valuable insights for future therapeutic strategies in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Benqi Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Jingdong Cao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Yaxi Zhu
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China.
| | - Huali Zhang
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China.
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Song S, Zhao Y, Fu T, Fan Y, Tang J, Wang X, Liu C, Chen X. ELANE Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization by Down-Regulating PTEN and Participates in the Lung Cancer Progression. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:20-34. [PMID: 36102787 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2115379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are one of the most important immunoinflammatory cell populations in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we preliminarily investigated the upstream pathway of M2 macrophage polarization affecting lung cancer progression. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis was used to evaluate genes closely associated with lung adenocarcinoma and their relationship with immune cells. THP-1 monocytes were induced into M2 macrophages. The expression of markers in M2 macrophages was detected by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and flow cytometry. The effects of neutrophil elastase (ELANE)-mediated M2 macrophages on lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion and tumor growth were investigated by in vitro and in vivo experiments after co-culture of macrophage conditioned medium (CM) and lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1299. The PTEN protein expression was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS ELANE was significantly positively correlated with M2 macrophages. ELANE up-regulated the expression of the M2 macrophage markers CD206, CCL22, IL-10 and CCL18 and increased the proportion of CD206+ macrophages. Compared with M0-CM, M2-CM promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and (M2+ELANE)-CM further enhanced this effect. In vivo, ELANE promoted M2 macrophage-induced tumor growth in lung cancer mice model. In vitro experiments showed that ELANE can down-regulate the expression of PTEN and promote the polarization of M2 macrophages. CONCLUSION ELANE promotes the polarization of M2 macrophages by down-regulating PTEN, thus promoting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and growth of lung cancer cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinuo Song
- Department of Medical management, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Yunping Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
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Liu QP, Chen YY, An P, Rahman K, Luan X, Zhang H. Natural products targeting macrophages in tumor microenvironment are a source of potential antitumor agents. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154612. [PMID: 36610172 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are one of the major cell types in the immune system and are closely related to tumor development, which can be polarized into M1 type with anti-tumor activity or M2 type with pro-tumor activity. The infiltration of more macrophages into tumor predicts poorer prognosis due to their more exhibition of M2 phenotype under the influence of many factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, reverse of M2 macrophage polarization in TME is conducive to the suppression of tumor deterioration and understanding the influencing factors of macrophage polarization is helpful to provide new ideas for the subsequent targeting macrophages for tumor therapy. PURPOSE This review summarizes the effects of TME on macrophage polarization and natural products against M2 macrophage polarization, which may provide some directions for tumor therapy. METHODS The search of relevant literature was conducted using the PubMed, Science Direct, CNKI and Web of Science databases with the search terms "macrophage", "tumor microenvironment", "natural product" and "tumor". RESULTS The mutual transformation of M1 and M2 phenotypes in macrophages is influenced by many factors. Tumor cells affect the polarization of macrophages by regulating the expression of genes and proteins and the secretion of cytokines. The expression of some genes or proteins in macrophages is also related to their own polarization. Many natural products can reverse M2 polarization of macrophages which has been summarized in this review. CONCLUSION Regulation of macrophage polarization in TME can inhibit tumor development, and natural products have the potential to impede tumor development by regulating macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ping Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu-Ying Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Pei An
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Khalid Rahman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Luan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Cho E, Che X, Ang MJ, Cheon S, Lee J, Kim KS, Lee CH, Lee SY, Yang HY, Moon C, Park C, Choi JY, Lee TH. Peroxiredoxin 5 regulates osteogenic differentiation through interaction with hnRNPK during bone regeneration. eLife 2023; 12:80122. [PMID: 36735291 PMCID: PMC9897727 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 5 (Prdx5) is involved in pathophysiological regulation via the stress-induced cellular response. However, its function in the bone remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Prdx5 is involved in osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation, resulting in osteoporotic phenotypes in Prdx5 knockout (Prdx5Ko) male mice. To investigate the function of Prdx5 in the bone, osteoblasts were analyzed through immunoprecipitation (IP) and liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods, while osteoclasts were analyzed through RNA-sequencing. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) was identified as a potential binding partner of Prdx5 during osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Prdx5 acts as a negative regulator of hnRNPK-mediated osteocalcin (Bglap) expression. In addition, transcriptomic analysis revealed that in vitro differentiated osteoclasts from the bone marrow-derived macrophages of Prdx5Ko mice showed enhanced expression of several osteoclast-related genes. These findings indicate that Prdx5 might contribute to the maintenance of bone homeostasis by regulating osteoblast differentiation. This study proposes a new function of Prdx5 in bone remodeling that may be used in developing therapeutic strategies for bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Cho
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Korea Mouse Phenotype Center (KMPC), Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Skeletal Diseases Analysis Center, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Mary Jasmin Ang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los BañosLos BañosPhilippines
| | - Seongmin Cheon
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea,Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University HospitalSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jinkyung Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Korea Mouse Phenotype Center (KMPC), Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Kwang Soo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Therapeutic & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)DaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeop Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science InstituteOchangRepublic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Yang
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation FoundationDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Chungoo Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Skeletal Diseases Analysis Center, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Korea Mouse Phenotype Center (KMPC), Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
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Molecular Crosstalk between Chromatin Remodeling and Tumor Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:9535-9549. [PMID: 36547163 PMCID: PMC9777166 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29120749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex disease driven by numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations that are acquired over time. Despite recent progress in the understanding of MM pathobiology and the availability of innovative drugs, which have pronounced clinical outcome, this malignancy eventually progresses to a drug-resistant lethal stage and, thus, novel therapeutic drugs/models always play an important role in effective management of MM. Modulation of tumor microenvironment is one of the hallmarks of cancer biology, including MM, which affects the myeloma genomic architecture and disease progression subtly through chromatin modifications. The bone marrow niche has a prime role in progression, survival, and drug resistance of multiple myeloma cells. Therefore, it is important to develop means for targeting the ecosystem between multiple myeloma bone marrow microenvironment and chromatin remodeling. Extensive gene expression profile analysis has indeed provided the framework for new risk stratification of MM patients and identifying novel molecular targets and therapeutics. However, key tumor microenvironment factors/immune cells and their interactions with chromatin remodeling complex proteins that drive MM cell growth and progression remain grossly undefined.
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Dong T, Chen X, Xu H, Song Y, Wang H, Gao Y, Wang J, Du R, Lou H, Dong T. Mitochondrial metabolism mediated macrophage polarization in chronic lung diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Essential Roles of Peroxiredoxin IV in Inflammation and Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196513. [PMID: 36235049 PMCID: PMC9573489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin IV (Prx4) is a 2-Cysteine peroxidase with ubiquitous expression in human tissues. Prx4 scavenges hydrogen peroxide and participates in oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, Prx4 is secreted outside the cell. Prx4 is upregulated in several cancers and is a potential therapeutic target. We have summarized historical and recent advances in the structure, function and biological roles of Prx4, focusing on inflammatory diseases and cancer. Oxidative stress is known to activate pro-inflammatory pathways. Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for cancer development. Hence, redox enzymes such as Prx4 are important players in the crosstalk between inflammation and cancer. Understanding molecular mechanisms of regulation of Prx4 expression and associated signaling pathways in normal physiological and disease conditions should reveal new therapeutic strategies. Thus, although Prx4 is a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases and cancer, further research needs to be conducted to bridge the gap to clinical application.
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O'Siorain JR, Curtis AM. Circadian Control of Redox Reactions in the Macrophage Inflammatory Response. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:664-678. [PMID: 35166129 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Macrophages are immune sentinels located throughout the body that function in both amplification and resolution of the inflammatory response. The circadian clock has emerged as a central regulator of macrophage inflammation. Reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions are central to both the circadian clock and macrophage function. Recent Advances: Circadian regulation of metabolism controls the macrophage inflammatory response, whereby disruption of the clock causes dysfunctional inflammation. Altering metabolism and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) production rescues the inflammatory phenotype of clock-disrupted macrophages. Critical Issues: The circadian clock possesses many layers of regulation. Understanding how redox reactions coordinate clock function is critical to uncover the full extent of circadian regulation of macrophage inflammation. We provide insights into how circadian regulation of redox affects macrophage pattern recognition receptor signaling, immunometabolism, phagocytosis, and inflammasome activation. Future Directions: Many diseases associated with aberrant macrophage-derived inflammation exhibit time-of-day rhythms in disease symptoms and severity and are sensitive to circadian disruption. Macrophage function is highly dependent on redox reactions that signal through RONS. Future studies are needed to evaluate the extent of circadian control of macrophage inflammation, specifically in the context of redox signaling. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 664-678.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R O'Siorain
- Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annie M Curtis
- Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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Wang K, Cao Q, Yang Q, Wei Q, Zhao J, Wang Y, Hou J, Song S. Study on the regulatory effect of leech peptide HE-D on macrophages in atherosclerosis by transcriptome sequencing. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115380. [PMID: 35589020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a serious threat to human health. Leeches are used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases. HE-D is an active peptide extracted and isolated from leeches, which can inhibit the migration of RAW264.7 macrophages. AIM This study shows the effects of HE-D on macrophages in atherosclerosis and the mechanism of inhibition on the migration of macrophages based on transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq). MATERIALS AND METHODS The transwell method was used to detect the activity of HE-D in inhibiting the migration of macrophages. Macrophages were divided into control group, lipopolysaccharide group, and HE-D group. Samples were collected and RNA-Seq performed. The DEseq2 method detected significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs), GO and KEGG Pathway databases were used to analyze the functions and pathway enrichment of DEGs. Finally, qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to verify the genes screened by RNA-Seq analyses. RESULTS Cell experiments showed that HE-D can inhibit the migration of RAW264.7 macrophages induced by LPS. DEseq2 analyses showed that there were 363 DEGs after HE-D administration in the result of RNA-Seq. The GO function of DEGs was significantly enriched in cell migration and inflammation, and the DEGs related to cell migration were significantly enriched in the NF-κB signaling pathway. qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses, showed that when compared with the LPS group, the related genes IKKα, IKKγ, TRAF6, TLR4, and TRAF5 in the NF-κB pathway were significantly down-regulated in the HE-D group. In addition, it was found that the inflammatory factors iNOS and TNF-α were significantly down-regulated, and Arg-1 and IL-10 were up-regulated. CONCLUSION HE-D can inhibit the migration of macrophages by inhibiting IKKα and IKKγ in the NF-κB signaling pathway, and promote the transformation of macrophages from M1to M2 subtypes. Therefore, HE-D can potentially be used as a drug for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China; Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China.
| | - Qi Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China.
| | - Qiong Yang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China.
| | - Qiang Wei
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China.
| | - Jiarui Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China.
| | - Junfeng Hou
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China.
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China; Shandong University Weihai Research Institute of Industrial Technology, Weihai, 264209, China.
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Forster S, Radpour R. Molecular Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment on Multiple Myeloma Dissemination and Extramedullary Disease. Front Oncol 2022; 12:941437. [PMID: 35847862 PMCID: PMC9284036 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.941437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the most common malignant monoclonal disease of plasma cells. Aside from classical chemotherapy and glucocorticoids, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents and monoclonal antibodies are used in the current treatment scheme of MM. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a fundamental role in the development and progression of numerous solid and non-solid cancer entities. In MM, the survival and expansion of malignant plasma cell clones heavily depends on various direct and indirect signaling pathways provided by the surrounding bone marrow (BM) niche. In a number of MM patients, single plasma cell clones lose their BM dependency and are capable to engraft at distant body sites or organs. The resulting condition is defined as an extramedullary myeloma (EMM). EMMs are highly aggressive disease stages linked to a dismal prognosis. Emerging literature demonstrates that the dynamic interactions between the TME and malignant plasma cells affect myeloma dissemination. In this review, we aim to summarize how the cellular and non-cellular BM compartments can promote plasma cells to exit their BM niche and metastasize to distant intra-or extramedullary locations. In addition, we list selected therapy concepts that directly target the TME with the potential to prevent myeloma spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Forster
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ramin Radpour
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Ramin Radpour,
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Enamel Matrix Derivative Decreases Pyroptosis-Related Genes in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095078. [PMID: 35563469 PMCID: PMC9099857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pyroptosis is a caspase-dependent catabolic process relevant to periodontal disorders for which inflammation is central to the pathophysiology of the disease. Although enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been applied to support periodontal regeneration, its capacity to modulate the expression of pyroptosis-related genes remains unknown. Considering EMD has anti-inflammatory properties and pyroptosis is linked to the activation of the inflammasome in chronic periodontitis, the question arises whether EMD could reduce pyroptosis signalling. Methods: To answer this question, primary macrophages obtained from murine bone marrow and RAW 264.7 macrophages were primed with EMD before being challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cells were then analysed for pyroptosis-signalling components by gene expression analyses, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) immunoassay, and the detection of caspase-1 (CAS1). The release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also detected. Results: We report here that EMD, like the inflammasome (NLRP3) and CAS1 specific inhibitors—MCC950 and Ac-YVAD-cmk, respectively—lowered the LPS-induced expression of NLRP3 in primary macrophages (EMD: p = 0.0232; MCC950: p = 0.0426; Ac-YVAD-cmk: p = 0.0317). EMD further reduced the LPS-induced expression of NLRP3 in RAW 264.7 cells (p = 0.0043). There was also a reduction in CAS1 and IL-1β in RAW 264.7 macrophages on the transcriptional level (p = 0.0598; p = 0.0283; respectively), in IL-1β protein release (p = 0.0313), and CAS1 activity. Consistently, EMD, like MCC950 and Ac-YVAD-cmk, diminished the ROS release in activated RAW 264.7 cells. In ST2 murine mesenchymal cells, EMD could not be tested because LPS, saliva, and IL-1β + TNF-α failed to provoke pyroptosis signalling. Conclusion: These findings suggest that EMD is capable of dampening the expression of pyroptosis-related genes in macrophages.
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Hamada S, Matsumoto R, Masamune A. HIF-1 and NRF2; Key Molecules for Malignant Phenotypes of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020411. [PMID: 35053572 PMCID: PMC8773475 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer progression involves interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells in harsh tumor microenvironments, which are characterized by hypoxia, few nutrients, and oxidative stress. Clinically, cancer cells overcome therapeutic interventions, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, to continue to survive. Activation of the adaptation mechanism is required for cancer cell survival under these conditions, and it also contributes to the acquisition of the malignant phenotype. Stromal cells, especially pancreatic stellate cells, play a critical role in the formation of a cancer-promoting microenvironment. We here review the roles of key molecules, hypoxia inducible factor-1 and KEAP1-NRF2, in stress response mechanisms for the adaptation to hypoxia and oxidative stress in pancreatic cancer cells and stellate cells. Various cancer-promoting properties associated with these molecules have been identified, and they might serve as novel therapeutic targets in the future. Abstract Pancreatic cancer is intractable due to early progression and resistance to conventional therapy. Dense fibrotic stroma, known as desmoplasia, is a characteristic feature of pancreatic cancer, and develops through the interactions between pancreatic cancer cells and stromal cells, including pancreatic stellate cells. Dense stroma forms harsh tumor microenvironments characterized by hypoxia, few nutrients, and oxidative stress. Pancreatic cancer cells as well as pancreatic stellate cells survive in the harsh microenvironments through the altered expression of signaling molecules, transporters, and metabolic enzymes governed by various stress response mechanisms. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 and KEAP1-NRF2, stress response mechanisms for hypoxia and oxidative stress, respectively, contribute to the aggressive behaviors of pancreatic cancer. These key molecules for stress response mechanisms are activated, both in pancreatic cancer cells and in pancreatic stellate cells. Both factors are involved in the mutual activation of cancer cells and stellate cells, by inducing cancer-promoting signals and their mediators. Therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways are promising approaches for novel therapies. In this review, we summarize the roles of stress response mechanisms, focusing on hypoxia inducible factor-1 and KEAP1-NRF2, in pancreatic cancer. In addition, we discuss the potential of targeting these molecules for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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