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Ahmed Mohamed Z, Yang J, Wen J, Jia F, Banerjee S. SEPHS1 Gene: A new master key for neurodevelopmental disorders. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 562:119844. [PMID: 38960024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The SEPHS1 (Selenophosphate Synthetase 1) gene encodes a critical enzyme for synthesizing selenophosphate, the active donor of selenium (Se) necessary for selenoprotein biosynthesis. Selenoproteins are vital for antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and cellular homeostasis. Mutations in SEPHS1 gene, are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders with developmental delay, poor growth, hypotonia, and dysmorphic features. Due to Se's critical role in brain development and function, SEPHS1 gene has taken center stage in neurodevelopmental research. This review explores the structure and function of the SEPHS1 gene, its role in neurodevelopment, and the implications of its dysregulation for neurodevelopmental disorders. Therapeutic strategies, including Se supplementation, gene therapy, and targeted therapies, are discussed as potential interventions to address SEPHS1 associated neurodevelopmental dysfunction. The study's findings reveal how SEPHS1 mutations disrupt neurodevelopment, emphasizing the gene's intolerance to loss of function. Future research should focus on functional characterization of SEPHS1 variants, broader genetic screenings, and therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Ahmed Mohamed
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianli Yang
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jianping Wen
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Feiyong Jia
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Santasree Banerjee
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Kayrouz CM, Seyedsayamdost MR. Enzymatic strategies for selenium incorporation into biological molecules. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 81:102495. [PMID: 38954947 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The trace element selenium (Se) is essential to the physiology of most organisms on the planet. The most well documented of Se's biological forms are selenoproteins, where selenocysteine often serves as the catalytic center for crucial redox processes. Se is also found in several other classes of biological molecules, including nucleic acids, sugars, and modified amino acids, although its role in the function of these metabolites is less understood. Despite its prevalence, only a small number of Se-specific biosynthetic pathways have been discovered. Around half of these were first characterized in the past three years, suggesting that the selenometabolome may be more diverse than previously appreciated. Here, we review the recent advances in our understanding of this intriguing biochemical space, and discuss prospects for future discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase M Kayrouz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Mohammad R Seyedsayamdost
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States.
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Fujita H, Tanaka YK, Ogata S, Suzuki N, Kuno S, Barayeu U, Akaike T, Ogra Y, Iwai K. PRDX6 augments selenium utilization to limit iron toxicity and ferroptosis. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024:10.1038/s41594-024-01329-z. [PMID: 38867112 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01329-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death induced by iron-dependent accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides. Selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) suppresses ferroptosis by detoxifying lipid hydroperoxides via a catalytic selenocysteine (Sec) residue. Sec, the genetically encoded 21st amino acid, is biosynthesized from a reactive selenium donor on its cognate tRNA[Ser]Sec. It is thought that intracellular selenium must be delivered 'safely' and 'efficiently' by a carrier protein owing to its high reactivity and very low concentrations. Here, we identified peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) as a novel selenoprotein synthesis factor. Loss of PRDX6 decreases the expression of selenoproteins and induces ferroptosis via a reduction in GPX4. Mechanistically, PRDX6 increases the efficiency of intracellular selenium utilization by transferring selenium between proteins within the selenocysteyl-tRNA[Ser]Sec synthesis machinery, leading to efficient synthesis of selenocysteyl-tRNA[Ser]Sec. These findings highlight previously unidentified selenium metabolic systems and provide new insights into ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Fujita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yu-Ki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiryo Ogata
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Suzuki
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sota Kuno
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Uladzimir Barayeu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Ogra
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Huang B, Xiao Y, Zhang Y. Asgard archaeal selenoproteome reveals a roadmap for the archaea-to-eukaryote transition of selenocysteine incorporation machinery. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae111. [PMID: 38896033 PMCID: PMC11227280 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Selenocysteine (Sec) is encoded by the UGA codon that normally functions as a stop signal and is specifically incorporated into selenoproteins via a unique recoding mechanism. The translational recoding of UGA as Sec is directed by an unusual RNA structure, the SECIS element. Although archaea and eukaryotes adopt similar Sec encoding machinery, the SECIS elements have no similarities to each other with regard to sequence and structure. We analyzed >400 Asgard archaeal genomes to examine the occurrence of both Sec encoding system and selenoproteins in this archaeal superphylum, the closest prokaryotic relatives of eukaryotes. A comprehensive map of Sec utilization trait has been generated, providing the most detailed understanding of the use of this nonstandard amino acid in Asgard archaea so far. By characterizing the selenoproteomes of all organisms, several selenoprotein-rich phyla and species were identified. Most Asgard archaeal selenoprotein genes possess eukaryotic SECIS-like structures with varying degrees of diversity. Moreover, euryarchaeal SECIS elements might originate from Asgard archaeal SECIS elements via lateral gene transfer, indicating a complex and dynamic scenario of the evolution of SECIS element within archaea. Finally, a roadmap for the transition of eukaryotic SECIS elements from archaea was proposed, and selenophosphate synthetase may serve as a potential intermediate for the generation of ancestral eukaryotic SECIS element. Our results offer new insights into a deeper understanding of the evolution of Sec insertion machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyan Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Brain Disease and Big Data Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Brain Disease and Big Data Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Brain Disease and Big Data Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
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Qi Z, Duan A, Ng K. Selenoproteins in Health. Molecules 2023; 29:136. [PMID: 38202719 PMCID: PMC10779588 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a naturally occurring essential micronutrient that is required for human health. The existing form of Se includes inorganic and organic. In contrast to the inorganic Se, which has low bioavailability and high cytotoxicity, organic Se exhibits higher bioavailability, lower toxicity, and has a more diverse composition and structure. This review presents the nutritional benefits of Se by listing and linking selenoprotein (SeP) functions to evidence of health benefits. The research status of SeP from foods in recent years is introduced systematically, particularly the sources, biochemical transformation and speciation, and the bioactivities. These aspects are elaborated with references for further research and utilization of organic Se compounds in the field of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Qi
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Alex Duan
- Melbourne TrACEES Platform, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
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Zhang Y, Liu Z, Xiao G, Shi J, Liu B, Xiao N, Sun Z. Simultaneous DHA and organic selenium production by Schizochytrium sp.: a theoretical basis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15607. [PMID: 37731016 PMCID: PMC10511486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42900-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and selenium (Se) are nutrients that confer several health benefits to both humans and animals. Widespread use of DHA in milk powder and health products requires large-scale mass production via Schizochytrium sp., while Se intended for human consumption is produced as organic Se via yeast. However, producing these nutrients on an industrial scale is constrained by various factors. We found that supplementing Schizochytrium sp. with Na2SeO3 (0.5 mg/L) improves its biomass and DHA production and also provides organic Se. De novo assembled transcriptome and biochemical indicators showed that Na2SeO3 promotes forming acetyl coenzyme A and L-cysteine via the glycerol kinase and cysteine synthase pathways, promoting DHA synthesis through the polyketide synthase pathway. However, high doses of Na2SeO3 (5 mg/L) limited the biomass of Schizochytrium sp. and DHA content. This study provided a theoretical basis for the simultaneous production of organic Se and DHA via Schizochytrium sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqiang Zhang
- Hunan Agricultural University Veterinary Faculty, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China
- Hunan Canzoho Biological Technology Co., Ltd., 321 Kangning Road, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Zikui Liu
- Hunan Agricultural University Veterinary Faculty, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China
- Hunan Canzoho Biological Technology Co., Ltd., 321 Kangning Road, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Hunan Agricultural University Veterinary Faculty, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Hunan Agricultural University Veterinary Faculty, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China
- Hunan Canzoho Biological Technology Co., Ltd., 321 Kangning Road, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Baili Liu
- Hunan Canzoho Biological Technology Co., Ltd., 321 Kangning Road, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Ning Xiao
- Hunan Agricultural University Veterinary Faculty, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiliang Sun
- Hunan Agricultural University Veterinary Faculty, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China.
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Chaudière J. Biological and Catalytic Properties of Selenoproteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10109. [PMID: 37373256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenocysteine is a catalytic residue at the active site of all selenoenzymes in bacteria and mammals, and it is incorporated into the polypeptide backbone by a co-translational process that relies on the recoding of a UGA termination codon into a serine/selenocysteine codon. The best-characterized selenoproteins from mammalian species and bacteria are discussed with emphasis on their biological function and catalytic mechanisms. A total of 25 genes coding for selenoproteins have been identified in the genome of mammals. Unlike the selenoenzymes of anaerobic bacteria, most mammalian selenoenzymes work as antioxidants and as redox regulators of cell metabolism and functions. Selenoprotein P contains several selenocysteine residues and serves as a selenocysteine reservoir for other selenoproteins in mammals. Although extensively studied, glutathione peroxidases are incompletely understood in terms of local and time-dependent distribution, and regulatory functions. Selenoenzymes take advantage of the nucleophilic reactivity of the selenolate form of selenocysteine. It is used with peroxides and their by-products such as disulfides and sulfoxides, but also with iodine in iodinated phenolic substrates. This results in the formation of Se-X bonds (X = O, S, N, or I) from which a selenenylsulfide intermediate is invariably produced. The initial selenolate group is then recycled by thiol addition. In bacterial glycine reductase and D-proline reductase, an unusual catalytic rupture of selenium-carbon bonds is observed. The exchange of selenium for sulfur in selenoproteins, and information obtained from model reactions, suggest that a generic advantage of selenium compared with sulfur relies on faster kinetics and better reversibility of its oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Chaudière
- CBMN (CNRS, UMR 5248), University of Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
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