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Pustinsky I, Dvornikov A, Kiva E, Chulkova S, Egorova A, Gladilina I, Peterson S, Lepkova N, Grishchenko N, Galaeva Z, Baisova A, Kalinin S. Cryosurgery for Basal Cell Skin Cancer of the Head: 15 Years of Experience. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2231. [PMID: 38004371 PMCID: PMC10671957 DOI: 10.3390/life13112231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical relevance of head and neck (H&N) tumors is related to the potential disfiguration of anatomical structures (by the tumor or surgical intervention), defining patients' individual features and emotional expression, loss or restraint of vital structures functions, and untoward socio-economic sequelae. This study is aimed to improve clinical outcomes of cryosurgery in patients with H&N basal cell skin cancer by refining the indications for cryosurgical treatment. In this study, cryosurgery was used in 234 patients with different stages of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the head, including 101 patients with T1 tumors, 86-with T2, 5-T3, and 42 patients with tumors relapsing after failure of preceding various treatment modalities. Post-cryosurgery recurrence rate in patients with stage I BCC was 2.7%, with stage II tumors-5.6% and 34.9%-in patients with recurred tumors. Re-recurrence after cryoablation of recurrent tumors correlated with the tumor baseline size. The best aesthetic and long-term clinical results were documented in patients with lesions <1 cm in size with clear boundaries. Thus, cryosurgery is the method of choice for the majority of stage I basal cell carcinomas of the head. For patients with advanced and recurrent skin cancer, cryosurgery is relevant in rare cases selected according to refined indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Pustinsky
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.); (A.D.); (A.E.); (I.G.); (S.P.); (N.L.); (Z.G.); (A.B.); (S.K.)
- FSBI “N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center” Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anton Dvornikov
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.); (A.D.); (A.E.); (I.G.); (S.P.); (N.L.); (Z.G.); (A.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Ekaterina Kiva
- LCR Center Traditional Medicine “Five Elements”, 140104 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Svetlana Chulkova
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.); (A.D.); (A.E.); (I.G.); (S.P.); (N.L.); (Z.G.); (A.B.); (S.K.)
- FSBI “N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center” Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Angelina Egorova
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.); (A.D.); (A.E.); (I.G.); (S.P.); (N.L.); (Z.G.); (A.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Irina Gladilina
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.); (A.D.); (A.E.); (I.G.); (S.P.); (N.L.); (Z.G.); (A.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Sergey Peterson
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.); (A.D.); (A.E.); (I.G.); (S.P.); (N.L.); (Z.G.); (A.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Nataly Lepkova
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.); (A.D.); (A.E.); (I.G.); (S.P.); (N.L.); (Z.G.); (A.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Natalya Grishchenko
- FSBI “N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center” Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Zamira Galaeva
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.); (A.D.); (A.E.); (I.G.); (S.P.); (N.L.); (Z.G.); (A.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Aigul Baisova
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.); (A.D.); (A.E.); (I.G.); (S.P.); (N.L.); (Z.G.); (A.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Sergey Kalinin
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.); (A.D.); (A.E.); (I.G.); (S.P.); (N.L.); (Z.G.); (A.B.); (S.K.)
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Souto EB, da Ana R, Vieira V, Fangueiro JF, Dias-Ferreira J, Cano A, Zielińska A, Silva AM, Staszewski R, Karczewski J. Non-melanoma skin cancers: physio-pathology and role of lipid delivery systems in new chemotherapeutic treatments. Neoplasia 2022; 30:100810. [PMID: 35649306 PMCID: PMC9160356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-melanoma carcinoma has high incidence rates and has two most common subtypes: basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. This type of carcinoma is usually not fatal; however, it can destroy sensory organs such as the nose, ears, and lips. The treatment of these injuries using non-invasive methods is thus strongly recommended. Some treatments for non-melanoma carcinoma are already well defined, such as surgery, cryosurgery, curettage and electrode section, and radiotherapy; however, these conventional treatments cause inflammation and scarring. In the non-surgical treatment of non-melanoma carcinoma, the topical administration of chemotherapeutic drugs contributes for an effective treatment with reduced side effects. However, the penetration of anticancer drugs in the deeper layers of the skin is required. Lipid delivery systems (liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers) have been developed to overcome epidermal barrier of the skin and to allow the drugs to reach tumor cells. These lipid nanoparticles contribute to control the release profile of the loaded chemotherapeutic drugs, maintaining their stability and increasing death of tumor cells. In this review, the characteristics of non-melanoma carcinoma will be discussed, describing the main existing treatments, together with the contribution of lipid delivery systems as an innovative approach to increase the effectiveness of topical therapies for non-melanoma carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Raquel da Ana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vânia Vieira
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150, Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana F Fangueiro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150, Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Dias-Ferreira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Amanda Cano
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Zielińska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rafał Staszewski
- Department of Hypertension Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Karczewski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, H. Swiecicki University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
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Abstract
AIM The objective was to present in this study the administered treatment, reconstruction, and outcomes for lesions excised according to a prediagnosis of facial tumor, whose pathological finding was reported as nonmelanoma skin tumor. METHODS A total of 178 patients with full medical histories who were operated on for skin tumors in the Ear, Nose, and Throat Clinic of Ankara Oncology Education and Research Hospital between February 2010 and March 2012 were evaluated retrospectively. The test group was made up of 125 men (70%) and 53 women (30%), with a median age of 56 years (range, 29-89 years). RESULTS Basal cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 112 patients (63%), 45 (40%) of whom underwent flap reconstruction procedures; squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was diagnosed in 55 patients (31%), 25 (45%) of whom underwent flap reconstruction procedures; 5 patients (3%) were diagnosed with basosquamous carcinoma, 3 (60%) of whom underwent flap reconstruction, and metatypical carcinoma was found in 6 patients (3%), and 5 (80%) underwent flap reconstruction treatment. Recurrence occurred in 10 (18%) of the 55 SCC patients. Invasion depths in the patients with recurrence were between 7 and 30 mm. In 21 (46%) of the 45 patients without recurrence, invasion depths were between 4 and 30 mm, whereas the invasion depths in the other 24 patients (53.3%) were less than 4 mm. CONCLUSIONS Metastatic lymph node involvement localized to the auricular, infra-auricular, and postauricular was present in the pathological specimens of all patients with lesions who had selective neck dissection I to IV included into their treatment. The depth of invasion of SCCs was found to be statistically significant in terms of recurrences.
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Haseltine JM, Wernicke AG, Formenti SC, Parashar B. Treatment of Non-Melanomatous Skin Cancer with Radiotherapy. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-015-0117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bahner JD, Bordeaux JS. Non-melanoma skin cancers: photodynamic therapy, cryotherapy, 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, diclofenac, or what? Facts and controversies. Clin Dermatol 2014; 31:792-8. [PMID: 24160289 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Surgical modalities-excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, and electrodesiccation with curettage-are the preferred treatments for nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). When used within guidelines, they have cure rates greater than 90%. Despite this, many other treatments have been studied and utilized for NMSC. We present a comprehensive review of the literature on these topical treatments. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is administered under numerous and significantly varied regimens, and there are a wide range of cure rates reported. Even with aggressive regimens, PDT is not as effective as surgery is, and it is not a first-line therapy for NMSC. The cryotherapy regimen aggressive enough to adequately treat NMSC carries adverse effects and cosmetic outcomes poor enough to negate its usefulness. Topical 5-fluorouracil and imiquimod are efficacious and safe for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma (BCC) but not other BCC subtypes or squamous cell carcinoma. They are self-administered twice daily for several weeks; therefore, patient and tumor selection are vital to ensuring adherence. There are currently insufficient data to support the use of topical diclofenac and ingenol mebutate for NMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Bahner
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Gamal-Eldeen AM, Fouad LM, El-Daly SM, El-Hussieny EA, El Denshary ES. Photodynamic therapeutic role of indocyanine green in tumor-associated inflammation in skin cancer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 11:239-49. [PMID: 24632333 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indocyanine green (ICG) is a promising water-soluble photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumors. It was reported to have promising phototoxic effect on different cell lines. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ICG as an efficient PS agent for skin cancer induced in mice. METHODS Skin squamous cell carcinoma was induced in female CD-1 mice by 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate followed by an ICG/PDT treatment. The laser irradiation for PDT was adjusted to cover the whole body of the mice to make sure that the treatment protocol will be delivered to multiple tumors. RESULTS The treatment of skin cancer by ICG/PDT using intravenously injected ICG initiated tumor cell death and significantly decreased cell proliferation as indicated by the reduction in proliferating cell nuclear antigen positivity. A significant reduction in the inflammatory mediators; tumor necrosis factor-α, nitric oxide and 5-lipoxygenase was reported, however the level of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was significantly elevated after ICG/PDT treatment. CONCLUSION The proposed ICG/PDT treatment modality showed a significant anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activity against skin cancer accompanied with COX-2 elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M Gamal-Eldeen
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Lamiaa M Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Technical Examination, Egyptian Patent Office, Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherien M El-Daly
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas A El-Hussieny
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ezzeddin S El Denshary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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