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Lanzoni D, Grassi Scalvini F, Petrosillo E, Nonnis S, Tedeschi G, Savoini G, Buccioni A, Invernizzi G, Baldi A, Giromini C. Antioxidant capacity and peptidomic analysis of in vitro digested Camelina sativa L. Crantz and Cynara cardunculus co-products. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14456. [PMID: 38914602 PMCID: PMC11196266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64989-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the food system has been faced with the significant problem of increasing food waste. Therefore, the feed industry, supported by scientific research, is attempting to valorise the use of discarded biomass as co-products for the livestock sector, in line with EU objectives. In parallel, the search for functional products that can ensure animal health and performances is a common fundamental goal for both animal husbandry and feeding. In this context, camelina cake (CAMC), cardoon cake (CC) and cardoon meal (CM), due valuable nutritional profile, represent prospective alternatives. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the antioxidant activity of CAMC, CC and CM following in vitro digestion using 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Total phenolic content (TPC) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, actively involved in modulating antioxidant properties, were also studied. Further, a peptidomic analysis was adopted to substantiate the presence of bioactive peptides after in vitro digestion. The results obtained confirmed an interesting nutritional profile of CAMC, CC and CM and relevant antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities. In particular, considering antioxidant profile, CM and CC revealed a significantly higher (10969.80 ± 18.93 mg TE/100 g and 10451.40 ± 149.17 mg TE/100 g, respectively; p < 0.05) ABTS value than CAMC (9511.18 ± 315.29 mg TE/100 g); a trend also confirmed with the FRAP assay (306.74 ± 5.68 mg FeSO4/100 g; 272.84 ± 11.02 mg FeSO4/100 g; 103.84 ± 3.27 mg FeSO4/100 g, for CC, CM and CAMC, respectively). Similar results were obtained for TPC, demonstrating the involvement of phenols in modulating antioxidant activity. Finally, CAMC was found to have a higher ACE inhibitory activity (40.34 ± 10.11%) than the other matrices. Furthermore, potentially bioactive peptides associated with ACE inhibitory, anti-hypertensive, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antithrombotic, DPP-IV inhibitory and PEP-inhibitory activities were identified in CAMC. This profile was broader than that of CC and CM. The presence of such peptides corroborates the antioxidant and ACE profile of the sample. Although the data obtained report the important antioxidant profile of CAMC, CC, and CM and support their possible use, future investigations, particularly in vivo trials will be critical to evaluate and further investigate their effects on the health and performance of farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Lanzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell'Università 6, 29600, Lodi, Italy.
| | - Francesca Grassi Scalvini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell'Università 6, 29600, Lodi, Italy
| | - Elena Petrosillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell'Università 6, 29600, Lodi, Italy
| | - Simona Nonnis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell'Università 6, 29600, Lodi, Italy
- CRC, Innovation for Well-Being and Environment, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell'Università 6, 29600, Lodi, Italy
- CRC, Innovation for Well-Being and Environment, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Savoini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell'Università 6, 29600, Lodi, Italy
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144, Firenze, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca e Valorizzazione Degli Alimenti, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Guido Invernizzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell'Università 6, 29600, Lodi, Italy
| | - Antonella Baldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell'Università 6, 29600, Lodi, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giromini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell'Università 6, 29600, Lodi, Italy
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 5EU, UK
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Mardani M, Badakné K, Farmani J, Aluko RE. Antioxidant peptides: Overview of production, properties, and applications in food systems. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:46-106. [PMID: 36370116 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, several studies have reported the beneficial effects of antioxidant peptides in delaying oxidation reactions. Thus, a growing number of food proteins have been investigated as suitable sources for obtaining these antioxidant peptides. In this study, some of the most critical developments in the discovery of peptidic antioxidants are discussed. Initially, the primary methods to release, purify, and identify these antioxidant peptides from various food-derived sources are reviewed. Then, computer-based screening methods of the available peptides are summarized, and methods to interpret their structure-activity relationship are illustrated. Finally, approaches to the large-scale production of these bioactive peptides are described. In addition, the applications of these antioxidants in food systems are discussed, and gaps, future challenges, and opportunities in this field are highlighted. In conclusion, various food items can be considered promising sources to obtain these novel antioxidant peptides, which present various opportunities for food applications in addition to health promotion. The lack of in-depth data on the link between the structure and activity of these antioxidants, which is critical for the prediction of possible bioactive amino acid sequences and their potency in food systems and in vivo conditions (rather than in vitro systems), requires further attention. Consequently, future collaborative research activities between the industry and academia are required to realize the commercialization objectives of these novel antioxidant peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mardani
- Department of Cereal and Industrial Plant Processing, Faculty of Food Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Badakné
- Department of Cereal and Industrial Plant Processing, Faculty of Food Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jamshid Farmani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Dual Bioactivity of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Antioxidant Novel Tripeptides from Sipunculus nudus L. and Their Related Mechanism Analysis for Antihypertention. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Optimisation and Characterisation of Novel Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides Prepared by Double Enzymatic Hydrolysis from Agaricus bisporus Scraps. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030394. [PMID: 35159545 PMCID: PMC8834213 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-derived hypotensive peptides have attracted attention in the field of active peptide research in recent years. In this study, based on ACE inhibition rate and using the Box–Behnken central combination design principle to optimise the process of ACE inhibitor peptides prepared by double-enzyme hydrolysis. The amino acid sequences of ACE inhibitor peptides were determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and their binding to ACE was studied by molecular docking. The optimal processing conditions were 1:1 alkaline protease: compound protease, pH was 8.43, enzymolysis temperature was 44.32 °C, and enzymolysis time was 3.52 h. Under these conditions, the ACE inhibition rate reached 65.12%, and the inhibition rate after separation and purification was 80.68% (IC50 = 0.9 mg/mL). Three novel peptides with ACE inhibitory activity were detected by LC-MS/MS, with sequences LVYP (Leu-Val-Tyr-Pro), VYPW(Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp) and YPWT(Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr). Molecular docking revealed that the three novel peptides all established hydrogen bonds with the S1(Tyr523, Glu384, Ala354) and S2 (His353) pockets of ACE. Among them, LVYP, VYPW and YPWT, respectively, formed eleven hydrogen bonds, six hydrogen bonds and nine hydrogen bonds with ACE. The study revealed that these peptides have the potential for the development of novel ACE inhibitor drugs and provide a new avenue for high-value utilisation of mushrooms scraps.
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Durand E, Beaubier S, Ilic I, fine F, Kapel R, Villeneuve P. Production and antioxidant capacity of bioactive peptides from plant biomass to counteract lipid oxidation. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:365-397. [PMID: 34142097 PMCID: PMC8187438 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing lipid oxidation, especially with the polyunsaturated fat-based products, is a major concern in sectors as agri-food and cosmetic. Even though the efficiency of synthetic antioxidants has been recognized, both consumers and manufacturers are looking for more innovative, healthy and quality products while rejecting synthetic additives due to their concern about safety, along with their environmental impact issues. In this context, plant biomass, which have shown to be rich in compounds, have raised interest for the isolation of novel naturally occurring antioxidants. Among their myriad of molecules, bioactive peptides, which are biologically active sequence of amino acid residues of proteins, seem to be of a great interest. Therefore, the number of identified amino acids sequences of bioactive peptides from plant biomass with potential antioxidant action is progressively increasing. Thus, this review provides a description of 129 works that have been made to produce bioactive peptides (hydrolysate, fraction and/or isolate peptide) from 55 plant biomass, along with the procedure to examine their antioxidant capacity (until 2019 included). The protein name, the process, and the method to concentrate or isolate antioxidant bioactive peptides, along with their identification and/or specificity were described. Considering the complex, dynamic and multifactorial physico-chemical mechanisms of the lipid oxidation, an appropriate in-vitro methodology should be better performed to efficiently probe the antioxidant potential of bioactive peptides. Therefore, the results were discussed, and perspective for antioxidant applications of bioactive peptides from plant biomass was argued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwann Durand
- CIRAD, UMR QualiSud, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Beaubier
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR CNRS-7274, plateforme SVS, 13 rue du bois de la Champelle, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
| | - Isidora Ilic
- CIRAD, UMR QualiSud, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Frederic fine
- TERRES INOVIA, Parc Industriel – 11 Rue Monge, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Romain Kapel
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR CNRS-7274, plateforme SVS, 13 rue du bois de la Champelle, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
| | - Pierre Villeneuve
- CIRAD, UMR QualiSud, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
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Udeh C, Ifie I, Akpodiete J, Malomo S. Kidney bean protein products as potential antioxidative and antihypertensive alternatives for non-pharmacological inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzymes. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Zaky AA, Abd El-Aty AM, Ma A, Jia Y. An overview on antioxidant peptides from rice bran proteins: extraction, identification, and applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1350-1362. [PMID: 33146021 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1842324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Rice by-products, generated through the milling processes, have recently been recognized as a potential source of bioactive compounds, such as proteins, essential amino acids, and phenolics. Owing to their antioxidant capacity (which improve the storage stability of foods), these compounds have gained much attention because of their beneficial impacts on human health. It has to be noted that large quantities of rice by-products are not efficiently utilized, which may result in industrial wastes and environmental consequences. Thence, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive insight on the antioxidant capabilities, extraction, identification, functional attributes, and applications of bioactive hydrolysates and peptides derived from rice bran protein. This overview would provide an insight on rice bran proteins, which are abundant in bioactive peptides, and could be used as value-added products in food and pharmaceutical applications. Inclusion of bioactive peptides to prevent food spoilage while maintaining food safety has also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Zaky
- Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Department of Food Technology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Aijin Ma
- Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingmin Jia
- Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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Purification and identification of antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory peptide from Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein hydrolysate. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Purification and molecular docking study of a novel angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide from alcalase hydrolysate of ultrasonic-pretreated silkworm pupa (Bombyx mori) protein. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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