1
|
Zhu Y, Yang X, Yang Y, Yan X, Li C, Chen S. Identification and Functional Analysis of Ras-Related Associated with Diabetes Gene ( rrad) in Edwardsiella piscicida-Resistant Individuals of Japanese Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10532. [PMID: 39408905 PMCID: PMC11476895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ras-related associated with diabetes (RRAD) is a member of the Ras GTPase superfamily that plays a role in several cellular functions, such as cell proliferation and differentiation. In particular, the superfamily acts as an NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor and calcium regulator to participate in the immune response pathway. A recent transcriptome study revealed that rrad was expressed in the spleen of disease-resistant Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) individuals compared with disease-susceptible individuals, and the results were also verified by qPCR. Thus, the present study aimed to explore how rrad regulates antimicrobial immunity via the NF-κB pathway. First, the coding sequence of P. olivaceus rrad was identified. The sequence was 1092 bp in length, encoding 364 amino acids. Based on phylogenetic and structural relationship analyses, P. olivaceus rrad appeared to be more closely related to teleosts. Next, rrad expression differences between disease-resistant and disease-susceptible individuals in immune-related tissues were evaluated, and the results revealed that rrad was expressed preferentially in the spleen of disease-resistant individuals. In response to Edwardsiella piscicida infection, rrad expression in the spleen changed. In vitro, co-culture was carried out to assess the hypo-methylated levels of the rrad promoter in the disease-resistant spleen, which was consistent with the high mRNA expression. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of rrad performed with the gill cell line of P. olivaceus affected many rrad-network-related genes, i.e., dcp1b, amagt, rus1, rapgef1, ralbp1, plce1, rasal1, nckipsd, prkab2, cytbc-1, sh3, and others, as well as some inflammation-related genes, such as bal2 and Il-1β. In addition, flow cytometry analysis showed that rrad overexpression was more likely to induce cell apoptosis, with establishing a link between rrad's function and its potential roles in regulating the NF-κB pathway. Thus,. the current study provided some clarity in terms of understanding the immune response about rrad gene differences between disease-resistant and disease-susceptible P. olivaceus individuals. This study provides a molecular basis for fish rrad gene functional analysis and may serve as a reference for in-depth of bacterial disease resistance of teleost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Xinsheng Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Yingming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (S.C.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (S.C.)
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Songlin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (S.C.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu R, Li T, Zhang G, Jia Y, Liu J, Pan L, Li Y, Jia C. Pancancer Analysis Revealed the Value of RAC2 in Immunotherapy and Cancer Stem Cell. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:8485726. [PMID: 37214785 PMCID: PMC10198763 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8485726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the oncogenic effect and clinical significance of RAC2 in pancarcinoma from the perspective of tumor immunity and cancer stem cell. Methods After in-depth mining of TCGA, GEO, UCSC, and other databases, basic information of the RAC2 gene and its expression in tumor tissues as well as the relationship between RAC2 and tumor were analyzed based on survival, mutation, immune microenvironment, tumor stemness, and enrichment analysis on related pathways. Results RAC2 mRNA expression was increased in most tumor tissues and was associated with their prognosis. Compared to normal tissues, the RAC2 mutation rate was higher in patients with skin melanoma, uterine sarcoma, and endometrial cancer. RAC2 had a strong relation with immune cell infiltration, immunomodulators, immunotherapy markers, cancer stem cell of THYM, and immune-related pathways. Conclusions This study explored the potential importance of RAC2 in the prognosis, immunotherapy, and cancer stem cell of 33 cancers, laying the foundation for mechanistic experiments and its future application in clinical practice. However, the results using bioinformatics methods could be affected by the differences in patients across databases. Thus, the present results were preliminary and required further experimental validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Liu
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Guohong Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yejuan Jia
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Jingxuan Liu
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Lijia Pan
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Chunsheng Jia
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang C, Chen Q, Tang M, Wei T, Zou J. Effects of TLR2/4 signalling pathway in western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) after Edwardsiella tarda infection. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:299-307. [PMID: 36811195 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Gambusia affinis is regarded as an important animal model. Edwardsiella tarda is one of the most serious pathogens affecting aquaculture. The study explores the effects of TLR2/4 partial signalling pathway in G. affinis of E. tarda infection. The study collected the brain, liver, and intestine after E. tarda LD50 and 0.85% NaCl solution challenge at different times (0 h, 3 h, 9 h, 18 h, 24 h, and 48 h). In these three tissues, the mRNA levels of PI3K, AKT3, IRAK4, TAK1, IKKβ, and IL-1β were substantially enhanced (p < .05) then returned to normal levels. Additionally, Rac1 and MyD88 in liver had different trend with other genes in brain and intestine, which displayed significantly indifference. The overexpression of IKKβ, and IL-1β indicated that E. tarda also caused immune reaction in intestine and liver, which would be consistent with delayed edwardsiellosis, which causes intestinal lesions and liver and kidney necrosis. Additionally, MyD88 plays a smaller role than IRAK4 and TAK1 in this signalling pathways. This study could enrich the understanding of the immune mechanism of the TLR2/4 signalling pathway in fish and might help to prescribe preventive measures against E. tarda to prevent infectious diseases in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingshi Chen
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manfei Tang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianli Wei
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jixing Zou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu S, Zhou A, Xie S, Sun D, Zhang Y, Sun Z, Chen Y, Zou J. Immune-related genes expression analysis of Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:92-100. [PMID: 32276038 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The great Gambusia affinis (G. affinis) is considered as an important animal model to study the endocrine disruption, ecological behavior, and environmental pollutant. The present study aims to build a new promising infection model with Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) in aquaculture. The mRNA expression of Rac1, MyD88, IRAK4, TAK1, IKKβ, and IL-1β in G. affinis were significance higher (P < 0.05) in the liver of G. affinis than that of brain and intestine. And the PI3K mRNA expression level was significant lower (P < 0.05) in the intestine than that of brain and liver. The mRNA levels of AKT3 were significant higher (P < 0.05) in the brain than that of liver and intestine. And then the brain, liver, and intestine were collected at different time points (0 h, 3 h, 9 h, 18 h, 24 h, 48 h) after post injection of LD50 of A. hydrophila. The 0.85% NaCl was used as a negative control for the LD50 of A. hydrophila. The RT-PCR results showed that mRNA expressions of TLR2/4 pathway downstream genes MyD88, IRAK4, TAK1, Rac1, IKKβ, and IL-1β were firstly significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) and were then backed to the 0 h group levels in three tissues. In contrast, mRNA expressions of TLR2/4 pathway downstream genes PI3K and AKT3 were firstly significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and were then increased to the 0 h group levels in brain and intestine. In summary, the results indicated that A. hydrophila could cause inflammatory reaction in intestinal and brain. In addition, the liver showed a provocative reaction when infected with A. hydrophila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Aiguo Zhou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaolin Xie
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Di Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Zhuolin Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yanfeng Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jixing Zou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Transcriptome Analysis of Maternal Gene Transcripts in Unfertilized Eggs of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Identification of Immune-Related Maternal Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113872. [PMID: 32485896 PMCID: PMC7312655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal genes are important in directing early development and determining egg quality in fish. We here report the de novo transcriptome from four tissue libraries of the cyprinid loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, and for the first time identified maternal gene transcripts in unfertilized eggs and suggest their immune system involvement. Expression profiles and functional enrichment revealed a total 24,116 transcripts were expressed as maternal transcripts in unfertilized eggs, which were involved in a wide range of biological functions and pathways. Comparison expression profiles and analysis of tissue specificity revealed that the large numbers of maternal transcripts were stored in unfertilized eggs near the late phase of ovarian maturation and before ovulation. Functional classification showed a total of 279 maternal immune-related transcripts classified with immune system process GO term and immune system KEGG pathway. qPCR analysis showed that transcript levels of identified maternal immune-related candidate genes were dynamically modulated during development and early ontogeny of M. anguillicaudatus. Taken together, this study could not only provide knowledge on the protective roles of maternal immune-related genes during early life stage of M. anguillicaudatus but could also be a valuable transcriptomic/genomic resource for further analysis of maternally provisioned genes in M. anguillicaudatus and other related teleost fishes.
Collapse
|
6
|
Han F, Li W, Liu X, Zhang D, Liu L, Wang Z. Rac1 GTPase is a critical factor in phagocytosis in the large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea by interacting with tropomyosin. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:148-158. [PMID: 31082520 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Rho family GTPase Rac1 acts as a molecular switch for signal transduction to regulate various cellular functions. Here, a Rac1 homolog (LcRac1) was identified in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), one of the most economically important marine fishes. The LcRac1 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Subsequently the specific antibody was raised using the purified fusion protein (GST-LcRac1). LcRac1 was ubiquitously expressed in all 12 tissues we examined, with the highest expression in heart and blood and the weakest expression in head-kidney and spleen. Moreover, time course analysis revealed that LcRac1 expression was obviously up-regulated in liver, spleen and head-kidney after immunization with Poly I:C, LPS and Vibrio parahemolyticus. On the other hand, on the basis of protein interaction, it was found that the LcRac1 interacted with Tropomyosin, a crucial protein in the process of phagocytosis. Furthermore, RNAi assays indicated that the phagocytic percentage and phagocytic index were significantly decreased when the LcRac1 gene was silenced by sequence-specific siRNA. Fluorescence microscopy assays revealed FITC-labeled V. parahemolyticus were remarkably decreased after LcRac1 was silenced by sequence-specific siRNA at 24 h. These findings implicate the vital role of LcRac1 in innate immunity in the large yellow croaker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Han
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Yindou Road 43, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Wanbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Yindou Road 43, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xiande Liu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Yindou Road 43, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Dongling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Yindou Road 43, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Lanping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Yindou Road 43, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Yindou Road 43, Xiamen, 361021, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu ZN, Zheng GD, Wu CB, Jiang XY, Zou SM. Identification of proteins differentially expressed in the gills of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) after hypoxic stress by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:743-752. [PMID: 30758701 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify the differential proteomics of grass carp gills after hypoxic stress to better understand the roles of proteins in the hypoxic response and to explore the possible molecular mechanisms. Protein spots were obtained from a hypoxia-stressed group (372 ± 11 individuals) and a control group (406 ± 14 individuals) using the lmage Master 2D Platinum 7.0 analysis software. Fifteen protein spots were expressed differentially in the hypoxia-stressed group and varied significantly after exposure to the hypoxic conditions. In addition, these differential proteins were identified by mass spectrometry and then searched in a database. We found the expression and upregulation of the toll-like receptor 4, ephx1 protein, isocitrate dehydrogenase, L-lactate dehydrogenase, GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; however, the expression of the keratin type II cytoskeletal 8, type I cytokeratin, ARP3 actin-related protein 3 homolog, thyroid hormone receptor alpha-A, ATP synthase subunit beta, citrate synthase, tropomyosin 2, and tropomyosin 3 were downregulated. Six proteins were found in the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway. We concluded that the grass carp gill is involved in response processes, including energy generation, metabolic processes, cellular structure, antioxidation, immunity, and signal transduction, to hypoxic stress. To our knowledge, this is the first study to conduct a proteomics analysis of expressed proteins in the gills of grass carp, and this study will help increase the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in hypoxic stress responses in fish at the protein level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Huchenghuan Road 999, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Huchenghuan Road 999, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Guo-Dong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Huchenghuan Road 999, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Huchenghuan Road 999, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Huchenghuan Road 999, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Huchenghuan Road 999, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xia-Yun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Huchenghuan Road 999, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Huchenghuan Road 999, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shu-Ming Zou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Huchenghuan Road 999, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Huchenghuan Road 999, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Feng Y, Ma M, Zhang X, Liu D, Wang L, Qian C, Wei G, Zhu B. Characterization of small GTPase Rac1 and its interaction with PAK1 in crayfish Procambarus clarkii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:178-183. [PMID: 30639478 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) participates in many biological processes. In this study, a Rac1 gene was identified in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii with an open reading frame of 579 bp that encoded 192 amino acids. This predicted 21.4 kDa protein was highly homologous to those in other invertebrates. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that Pc-Rac1 was expressed in all examined tissues with the highest expression level in hemocytes. The transcriptional expression level of Pc-Rac1 was significantly upregulated in hemocytes and hepatopancreas after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly I: C) induction. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blot analysis suggested that a recombinant Pc-Rac1 protein was successfully expressed in E. coli. Far-western blot analysis demonstrated that Rac1 can interact with the PBD domain of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1). RNA interference of Pc-Rac1 affected the mRNA expression levels of immune-related genes lectin, Toll, crustin, TNF, ALF and cactus. These results suggest that Pc-Rac1 is involved in the innate immune responses in P. clarkii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Maolin Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Die Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Cen Qian
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Guoqing Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Baojian Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xiu Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Gan T, Wei M, Zhou S, Chen S. cDNA cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of the Rac1 and Rac2 genes from Cynoglossus semilaevis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:998-1006. [PMID: 30399403 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rac1 and Rac2, belonging to the small Rho GTPase family, play an important role during the immune responses. In this study, a Rac1 homolog (CsRac1) and a Rac2 homolog (CsRac2) were cloned from the Cynoglossus semilaevis. The full-length of CsRac1 and CsRac2 cDNA was 1219 bp and 1047 bp, respectively. Both CsRac1 and CsRac2 contain a 579 bp open reading frame (ORF) which encoding a 192 amino acids putative protein. The predicted molecular weight of CsRac1 and CsRac2 was 21.41 kDa and 21.35 kDa, and their theoretical pI was 8.50 and 7.91, respectively. Sequence analysis showed that the conserved RHO domain was detected both from amino acid of CsRac1 and CsRac2. Homologous analysis showed that CsRac1 and CsRac2 share high conservation with other counterparts from different species. The CsRac1 and CsRac2 transcript showed wide tissue distribution, in which CsRac1 and CsRac2 exhibit the highest expression level in liver and gill, respectively. The expression level of CsRac1 and CsRac2 fluctuated in the liver and gill tissues at different time points after challenged by Vibrio harveyi. Specifically, CsRac1 and CsRac2 were significantly up-regulated at 48 h and 96 h post injection. Moreover, the knocking down of CsRac1 and CsRac2 in cell line (TSHKC) reduced the expression of CsPAK1, CsIL1-β and CsTNF-α. The present data suggests that CsRac1 and CsRac2 might play important roles in the innate immunity of half-smooth tongue sole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunji Xiu
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hongxiang Zhang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao, 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shuangyan Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao, 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Tian Gan
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao, 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Min Wei
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shun Zhou
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Z, Liu X, Cheng J, He Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Qi J, Yu H, Zhang Q. Transcriptome profiling provides gene resources for understanding gill immune responses in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) challenged with Edwardsiella tarda. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:593-603. [PMID: 29175442 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Marine organisms are commonly under threats from various pathogens. Edwardsiella tarda is one of the fish pathogens that seriously infect cultured and wild fish species. Bacteremia caused by E. tarda can be a fatal disease in humans. Fish gill is a mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue that directly contacted with sea water. Generating gill transcriptomic resources that challenged by E. tarda is crucial for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying gill immune responses. In this study, we performed transcriptome profiling of gene expression in Japanese flounder gills (Paralichthys olivaceus) challenged by E. tarda with different stress duration. An average of 40 million clean reads per library were obtained, of which approximately 83.2% were successfully mapped to the reference genome. 456 and 1037 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at 8 h and 48 h post-injection, respectively. Gene annotation analysis and protein-protein interaction networks were conducted to obtain the key interaction relationships of immune-related DEGs during pathogens infection. 24 hub genes with multiple protein-protein interaction relationships or involved in multiple KEGG signaling pathways were discovered and validated by qRT-PCR. These hub genes mainly participated in Leukocyte transendothelial migration signaling pathway, B cell receptor signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway and Apoptosis signaling pathway. This study represents the first gill transcriptomic analysis based on protein-protein interaction networks in fish and provides valuable gene resources for understanding the fish gill immunity, which can pave the way to understand the molecular mechanisms of immune responses with E. tarda infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xubo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Han F, Song Q, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang Z. Molecular characterization and immune responses of Rab5 in large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys crocea ). AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
12
|
XU W, CHEN S. Genomics and genetic breeding in aquatic animals: progress and prospects. FRONTIERS OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2017; 4:305. [DOI: 10.15302/j-fase-2017154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
|
13
|
Hu MY, Shen YB, Xu XY, Yu HY, Zhang M, Dang YF, Li JL. Identification, characterization and immunological analysis of Ras related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) from grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 54:20-31. [PMID: 26315145 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rac1, a Rho GTPase, serves critical immunological functions in mammals. Here, a Rac1 homolog (gcRac1) was identified in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The full-length 2023-base pair gcRac1 cDNA contained a 579-bp open reading frame encoding a 192-residue protein, including a conserved RHO domain and nuclear localization signal. The gcRac1 protein shares high identity with other Rac1 counterparts and phylogenetically clustered with Danio rerio Rac1. The gcRac1 transcript showed wide tissue distribution and was inducible by Aeromonas hydrophila in vivo and in vitro; its expression also fluctuated with LPS or flagellin stimulation in vitro. With gcRac1 over-expression, gcPAK1, gcIL1-β, gcTNF-α and gcIFN were basically up-regulated by A. hydrophila and bacterial PAMPs induction, while gcRac1 knockdown decreased these transcripts after A. hydrophila challenge. Over-expression of gcRac1 reduced, while its suppression facilitated, bacterial invasion. Moreover, gcRac1 could activate NF-κB signaling. These findings implicate the vital role of gcRac1 in grass carp innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, PR China
| | - Yu-Bang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, PR China
| | - Hong-Yan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, PR China
| | - Yun-Fei Dang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, PR China
| | - Jia-Le Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, PR China; E-Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, 201306, Shanghai, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cha GH, Wang WN, Peng T, Huang MZ, Liu Y. A Rac1 GTPase is a critical factor in the immune response of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) to Vibrio alginolyticus infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 51:226-237. [PMID: 25892021 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The small GTPase Rac1 acts as a molecular switch for signal transduction that regulates various cellular functions. However, its functions in crustaceans remain unclear. In this study, a cDNA encoding a RAS GTPase (LvRac1) in the Pacific white shrimp (L. vannamei) was identified and characterized. A recombinant variant of this GTPase, rLvRac1, was expressed in the model organism P. pastoris and its expression was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Biochemical assays indicated that the recombinant protein retained GTPase activity and was expressed in all of the organism's tested tissues. Injection of the bacterium V. alginolyticus into L. vannamei induced hepatopancreatic upregulation of LvRac1 expression. Moreover, knocking down LvRac1 in vivo significantly reduced the expression of the L. vannamei p53 and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase genes (Lvp53 and LvCu/Zn SOD, respectively) while increasing that of the galectin gene (Lvgal). Hemolymph samples from control and LvRac1-silenced L. vannamei individuals were analyzed by flow cytometry, revealing that the latter exhibited significantly reduced respiratory burst activity and total hemocyte counts. Cumulative mortality in shrimp lacking LvRac1 was significantly greater than in control groups following V. alginolyticus challenge. The silencing of LvRac1 by double-stranded RNA injection thus increased the V. alginolyticus challenge sensitivity of L. vannamei and weakened its bacterial clearance ability in vivo. Suppressing LvRac1 also promoted the upregulation of Lvp53, LvCu/ZnSOD, and Lvgal following V. alginolyticus injection. Taken together, these results suggest that LvRac1 is important in the innate immune response of shrimp to V. alginolyticus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Hong Cha
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wei-Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Ting Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Han F, Xiao S, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a QM protein in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 44:187-194. [PMID: 25680268 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Since it was proposed to be a tumor suppressor in 1991, QM protein has attracted intensive and wide attention in plants, animals and fungi research fields. Up to date, however, the function of QM protein in fish immunity remains unknown. In this investigation, a QM gene (named as LycQM gene) was cloned from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), and LycQM protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The LycQM gene was ubiquitously transcribed in multi-tissues, including spleen, muscle, heart, liver, intestine, blood and head kidney. By quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis, we found the highest and the lowest expression level of LycQM gene in head kidney and in heart, respectively. Time course analysis showed that LycQM expression was obviously up-regulated in blood and head kidney after immunization with polyinosinic polycytidynic acid (poly I:C), formalin-inactive Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Moreover, as demonstrated by RNAi assays, LycQM protein could regulate the activity of phenoloxidase, a key enzyme in the proPO activation system of immunity. These results suggested that LycQM protein might play an important role in the immune response against microorganisms in large yellow croaker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Han
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Shijun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Han F, Wang X, Wang Z. Characterization of myosin light chain gene up-regulated in the large yellow croaker immunity by interaction with RanGTPase. Gene 2012; 514:54-61. [PMID: 23159872 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RanGTPases are highly conserved in eukaryotes from yeast to human and have been implicated in many aspects of nuclear structure and function. In our previous study, it was revealed that the RanGTPase was up-regulated in large yellow croaker challenged by pathogen. However, the mechanism of RanGTPase in immunity remains unclear. In this investigation, on the basis of protein interaction, it was found that RanGTPase interacted with myosin light chain (designated as LycMLC), a crucial protein in the process of phagocytosis. Furthermore, it was found and characterized in this marine fish for the first time. The full-length cDNA of LycMLC was 771bp, including a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 36bp, 3'-terminal UTR of 279bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 456bp encoding a polypeptide of 151 amino acids. RT-PCR analysis indicated that LycMLC gene was constitutively expressed in the 9 tissues examined, including kidney, liver, gill, muscle, spleen, skin, heart, intestine and blood. The result of quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed the highest expression in muscle and the weakest expression in skin. Time course analysis showed that LycMLC expression was obviously up-regulated in blood after immunization with either poly I:C or formalin-inactive Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus. It indicated that the highest expression was 4.5 times (at 24h) as much as that in the control (P<0.05) challenged by poly I:C and 5.0 times (at 24h) challenged by bacteria. These results suggested that LycMLC might play an important role in large yellow croaker defense against the pathogen infection. Therefore our study revealed a novel pathway concerning immunity of RanGTPase by the direct interaction with the cytoskeleton protein, which would help to better understand the molecular events in immune response against pathogen infection in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|