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Tian HF, Xing J, Tang XQ, Chi H, Sheng XZ, Zhan WB. Cluster of differentiation antigens: essential roles in the identification of teleost fish T lymphocytes. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:303-316. [PMID: 37073166 PMCID: PMC10077257 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-022-00136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens are cell surface molecules expressed on leukocytes and other cells associated with the immune system. Antibodies that react with CD antigens are known to be one of the most essential tools for identifying leukocyte subpopulations. T lymphocytes, as an important population of leukocytes, play essential roles in the adaptive immune system. Many of the CD antigens expressed on T lymphocytes are used as surface markers for T lymphocyte classification, including CD3, CD4 and CD8 molecules. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the identification of CD molecules on T lymphocytes in teleosts, with emphasis on the functions of CD markers in the classification of T lymphocyte subsets. We notice that genes encoding CD3, co-receptors CD4 and CD8 have been cloned in several fish species and antibodies have been developed to study protein expression in morphological and functional contexts. T lymphocytes can be divided into CD4+ and CD8+ cells discriminated by the expression of CD4 and CD8 molecules in teleost, which are functionally similar to mammalian helper T cells (Th) and cytotoxic T cells (Tc), respectively. Further studies are still needed on the particular characteristics of teleost T cell repertoires and adaptive responses, and results will facilitate the health management and development of vaccines for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-fei Tian
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Xiao-qian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Xiu-zhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Wen-bin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237 China
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Moreira C, Paiola M, Duflot A, Varó I, Sitjà-Bobadilla A, Knigge T, Pinto P, Monsinjon T. The influence of 17β-oestradiol on lymphopoiesis and immune system ontogenesis in juvenile sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:104011. [PMID: 33460678 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The female sex steroid 17β-oestradiol (E2) is involved in the regulation of numerous physiological functions, including the immune system development and performance. The role of oestrogens during ontogenesis is, however, not well studied. In rodents and fish, thymus maturation appears to be oestrogen-dependent. Nevertheless, little is known about the function of oestrogen in immune system development. To further the understanding of the role of oestrogens in fish immune system ontogenesis, fingerlings of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were exposed for 30 days to 20 ng E2·L-1, at two ages tightly related to thymic maturation, i.e., 60 or 90 days post hatch (dph). The expression of nuclear and membrane oestrogen receptors was measured in the thymus and spleen, and the expression of several T cell-related gene markers was studied in both immune organs, as well as in the liver. Waterborne E2-exposure at 20.2 ± 2.1 (S.E.) ng·L-1 was confirmed by radioimmunoassay, leading to significantly higher E2-contents in the liver of exposed fish. The majority of gene markers presented age-dependent dynamics in at least one of the organs, confirming thymus maturation, but also suggesting a critical ontogenetic window for the implementation of liver resident γδ and αβ T cells. The oestrogen receptors, however, remained unchanged over the age and treatment comparisons with the exception of esr2b, which was modulated by E2 in the younger cohort and increased its expression with age in the thymus of the older cohort, as did the membrane oestrogen receptor gpera. These results confirm that oestrogen-signalling is involved in thymus maturation in European sea bass, as it is in mammals. This suggests that esr2b and gpera play key roles during thymus ontogenesis, particularly during medulla maturation. In contrast, the spleen expressed low or non-detectable levels of oestrogen receptors. The E2-exposure decreased the expression of tcrγ in the liver in the cohort exposed from 93 to 122 dph, but not the expression of any other immune-related gene analysed. These results indicate that the proliferation/migration of these innate-like T cell populations is oestrogen-sensitive. In regard to the apparent prominent role of oestrogen-signalling in the late thymus maturation stage, the thymic differentiation of the corresponding subpopulations of T cells might be regulated by oestrogen. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the dynamics of both nuclear and membrane oestrogen receptors in specific immune organs in a teleost fish at very early stages of immune system development as well as to examine thymic function in sea bass after an exposure to E2 during ontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Moreira
- UMR-I 02 Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, F-76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Matthieu Paiola
- UMR-I 02 Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, F-76600, Le Havre, France; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 14642, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Aurélie Duflot
- UMR-I 02 Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, F-76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Inma Varó
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de La Sal, CSIC, 12595, Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | | | - Thomas Knigge
- UMR-I 02 Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, F-76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Patrícia Pinto
- Centro de Ciências Do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade Do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Tiphaine Monsinjon
- UMR-I 02 Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, F-76600, Le Havre, France.
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Paiola M, Moreira C, Hétru J, Duflot A, Pinto PIS, Scapigliati G, Knigge T, Monsinjon T. Prepubertal gonad investment modulates thymus function: evidence in a teleost fish. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:238091. [PMID: 33789987 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.238576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thymus plasticity following gonadectomy or sex hormone replacement has long since exemplified sex hormone effects on the immune system in mammals and, to a lesser extent, in 'lower vertebrates', including amphibians and fish. Nevertheless, the underlying physiological significances as well as the ontogenetic establishment of this crosstalk remain largely unknown. Here, we used a teleost fish, the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, to investigate: (1) whether the regulation of thymus plasticity relies on resource trade-off with somatic growth and reproductive investment and (2) if the gonad-thymus interaction takes place during gonadal differentiation and development. Because gonadal development and, supposedly, thymus function in sea bass depend on environmental changes associated with the winter season, we evaluated thymus changes (foxn1 expression, and thymocyte and T cell content) in juvenile D. labrax raised for 1 year under either constant or fluctuating photoperiod and temperature. Importantly, in both conditions, intensive gonadal development following sex differentiation coincided with a halt of thymus growth, while somatic growth continued. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing that gonadal development during prepuberty regulates thymus plasticity. This finding may provide an explanation for the initiation of the thymus involution related to ageing in mammals. Comparing fixed and variable environmental conditions, our work also demonstrates that the extent of the effects on the thymus, which are related to reproduction, depend on ecophysiological conditions, rather than being directly related to sexual maturity and sex hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Paiola
- Normandy University, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Catarina Moreira
- Normandy University, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Julie Hétru
- Normandy University, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Aurélie Duflot
- Normandy University, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Patricia I S Pinto
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Scapigliati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Thomas Knigge
- Normandy University, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Tiphaine Monsinjon
- Normandy University, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, 76600 Le Havre, France
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Barraza F, Montero R, Wong-Benito V, Valenzuela H, Godoy-Guzmán C, Guzmán F, Köllner B, Wang T, Secombes CJ, Maisey K, Imarai M. Revisiting the Teleost Thymus: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. BIOLOGY 2020; 10:biology10010008. [PMID: 33375568 PMCID: PMC7824517 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The thymus is the immune organ producing T lymphocytes that are essential to create immunity after encountering pathogens or vaccination. This review summarizes the thymus localization and histological studies, cell composition, and function in teleost fishes. We also describe how seasonal changes, photoperiod, water temperature fluctuations, and hormones can affect thymus development in fish species. Overall, the information helps identify future studies needed to understand thymus function in fish species and the immune system’s evolutionary origins. Since fish are exposed to pathogens, especially under aquaculture conditions, knowledge about the fish thymus and T lymphocyte can also help improve fish farming protocols, considering intrinsic and environmental conditions that can contribute to achieving the best vaccine responsiveness for disease resistance. Abstract The thymus in vertebrates plays a critical role in producing functionally competent T-lymphocytes. Phylogenetically, the thymus emerges early during evolution in jawed cartilaginous fish, and it is usually a bilateral organ placed subcutaneously at the dorsal commissure of the operculum. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the thymus localization, histology studies, cell composition, and function in teleost fishes. Furthermore, we consider environmental factors that affect thymus development, such as seasonal changes, photoperiod, water temperature fluctuations and hormones. Further analysis of the thymus cell distribution and function will help us understand how key stages for developing functional T cells occur in fish, and how thymus dynamics can be modulated by external factors like photoperiod. Overall, the information presented here helps identify the knowledge gaps and future steps needed for a better understanding of the immunobiology of fish thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Barraza
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Aquatic Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O’Higgins, Estación Central, Santiago 3363, Chile; (F.B.); (V.W.-B.); (H.V.)
| | - Ruth Montero
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany; (R.M.); (B.K.)
| | - Valentina Wong-Benito
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Aquatic Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O’Higgins, Estación Central, Santiago 3363, Chile; (F.B.); (V.W.-B.); (H.V.)
| | - Héctor Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Aquatic Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O’Higgins, Estación Central, Santiago 3363, Chile; (F.B.); (V.W.-B.); (H.V.)
| | - Carlos Godoy-Guzmán
- Center for Biomedical and Applied Research (CIBAP), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Av. Bernardo O’Higgins, Estación Central, Santiago 3363, Chile;
| | - Fanny Guzmán
- Núcleo Biotecnología Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile;
| | - Bernd Köllner
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany; (R.M.); (B.K.)
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; (T.W.); (C.J.S.)
| | - Christopher J. Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; (T.W.); (C.J.S.)
| | - Kevin Maisey
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Center of Aquatic Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O’Higgins, Estación Central, Santiago 3363, Chile;
| | - Mónica Imarai
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Aquatic Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O’Higgins, Estación Central, Santiago 3363, Chile; (F.B.); (V.W.-B.); (H.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Yao YY, Chen DD, Cui ZW, Zhang XY, Zhou YY, Guo X, Li AH, Zhang YA. Oral vaccination of tilapia against Streptococcus agalactiae using Bacillus subtilis spores expressing Sip. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:999-1008. [PMID: 30590166 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae infections are becoming an increasing problem in aquaculture because of significant morbidity and mortality, which restricts the healthy development of tilapia aquaculture. To seek safe and effective prevention measures, a Bacillus subtilis GC5 surface displayed vaccine was prepared and applied orally in tilapia. The study first showed that recombinant spores can engraft in the tilapia intestine. Then, the effect of protection and the immune responses were evaluated. The results of ELISA showed that Sip-specific antibody in the sera of GC5-Sip-immunized fish can be detected after the first oral administration when compared to the phosphate buffer saline (PBS) control group, and the levels of specific IgM gradually strengthened with boosting, so does the specific antibody against bacteria, proving that humoral immunity was induced. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that the immune-related gene expression of the gut and spleen exhibited a different rising trend in the GC5-Sip group, revealing that innate immune response and local as well as systemic cellular immunity were induced. The outcome of fish immunized with GC5-Sip spores provided a relative percent survival (RPS) of 41.7% against S. agalactiae and GC5 group had an RPS of 24.2%, indicating that GC5-Sip was safe and effective in protecting tilapia against bacterial infection. Our study demonstrated that the oral administration of B. subtilis spores expressing Sip could cause an effective immune response and offer good resistance to bacterial infection. Our work may lead to the development of new ideas for immunoprophylaxis against S. agalactiae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Yao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Cui
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Guo
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ai-Hua Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; State Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Madonia A, Melchiorri C, Bonamano S, Marcelli M, Bulfon C, Castiglione F, Galeotti M, Volpatti D, Mosca F, Tiscar PG, Romano N. Computational modeling of immune system of the fish for a more effective vaccination in aquaculture. Bioinformatics 2018; 33:3065-3071. [PMID: 28549079 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation A computational model equipped with the main immunological features of the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) immune system was used to predict more effective vaccination in fish. The performance of the model was evaluated by using the results of two in vivo vaccinations trials against L. anguillarum and P. damselae. Results Tests were performed to select the appropriate doses of vaccine and infectious bacteria to set up the model. Simulation outputs were compared with the specific antibody production and the expression of BcR and TcR gene transcripts in spleen. The model has shown a good ability to be used in sea bass and could be implemented for different routes of vaccine administration even with more than two pathogens. The model confirms the suitability of in silico methods to optimize vaccine doses and the immune response to them. This model could be applied to other species to optimize the design of new vaccination treatments of fish in aquaculture. Availability and implementation The method is available at http://www.iac.cnr.it/∼filippo/c-immsim/. Contact nromano@unitus.it. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Madonia
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Cristiano Melchiorri
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Simone Bonamano
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Marco Marcelli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Chiara Bulfon
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Italy
| | | | - Marco Galeotti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Donatella Volpatti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Francesco Mosca
- Institute of Applied Computing "M.Picone", CNR, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Nicla Romano
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
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Water Oxygen Content Affects Distribution of T and B Lymphocytes in Lymphoid Tissues of Farmed Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax). FISHES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes2030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tafalla C, Leal E, Yamaguchi T, Fischer U. T cell immunity in the teleost digestive tract. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 64:167-177. [PMID: 26905634 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fish (along with cyclostomes) constitute the most ancient animal group in which an acquired immune system is present. As in higher vertebrates, both B and T lymphocytes cooperate in implementing an adequate response. Although there is still a debate on whether fish possess a true gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), the presence of diffuse B and T lymphocytes throughout all mucosal surfaces has been demonstrated in a wide variety of fish species. The lack of antibodies against T lymphocyte markers has hampered the performance of functional assays in both systemic and mucosal compartments. However, most components associated with T lymphocyte function have been identified in fish through extensive genomic research, suggesting similar functionalities for fish and mammalian T lymphocytes. Thus, the aim of this review is to briefly summarize what is known in teleost concerning the characteristics and functionalities of the different T cell subsets, to then focus on what is known to date regarding their presence and role in the gastrointestinal tract, through either direct functional assays or indirectly by conclusions drawn from transcriptomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Tafalla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Esther Leal
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Takuya Yamaguchi
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Uwe Fischer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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Seemann F, Knigge T, Olivier S, Monsinjon T. Exogenous 17β-oestradiol (E2) modifies thymus growth and regionalization in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 86:1186-1198. [PMID: 25683570 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of 17β-oestradiol (E2) on the growth of the thymus and its regionalization into cortex and medulla was investigated in juvenile European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax as they find themselves close to sources of oestrogenic pollution whilst residing in their estuarine nursery areas. While the exposure to 2, 20 and 200 ng l(-1) in 60 days post-hatch (dph) fish tended to cause a non-monotonous dose-response curve with a significant difference of the cortex size between lowest and highest exposures, the exposure to 20 ng l(-1) E2 from 90 dph onwards resulted in a distinct enlargement of the cortex. It is probable that the alteration of the cortex size also affects the T-cell differentiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Seemann
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Torrecillas S, Montero D, Caballero MJ, Robaina L, Zamorano MJ, Sweetman J, Izquierdo M. Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 42:508-516. [PMID: 25447638 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). For that purpose, specimens of 20 g were fed during 8 weeks at 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) dietary cMOS of inclusion in a commercial sea bass diet. Dietary cMOS enhanced fish length, specific and relative growth without affecting tissue proximate composition. However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). Thus, dietary cMOS inclusion at 0.16% promoted European sea bass specific growth rate and length, stimulated selected cellular GALT-associated parameters and affected lipid metabolism in muscle and liver pointing to a higher LC-PUFA accumulation and promoted β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Torrecillas
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Transmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Daniel Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Transmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Maria José Caballero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Transmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Lidia Robaina
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Transmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Maria Jesús Zamorano
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Transmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - John Sweetman
- Alltech Aqua, Samoli, Livadi, 28200 Lixouri, Cephalonia, Greece
| | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Transmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
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Mosca F, Ciulli S, Volpatti D, Romano N, Volpe E, Bulfon C, Massimini M, Caccia E, Galeotti M, Tiscar PG. Defensive response of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) against Listonella anguillarum or Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida experimental infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 162:83-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gomez D, Sunyer JO, Salinas I. The mucosal immune system of fish: the evolution of tolerating commensals while fighting pathogens. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1729-39. [PMID: 24099804 PMCID: PMC3963484 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The field of mucosal immunology research has grown fast over the past few years, and our understanding on how mucosal surfaces respond to complex antigenic cocktails is expanding tremendously. With the advent of new molecular sequencing techniques, it is easier to understand how the immune system of vertebrates is, to a great extent, orchestrated by the complex microbial communities that live in symbiosis with their hosts. The commensal microbiota is now seen as the "extended self" by many scientists. Similarly, fish immunologist are devoting important research efforts to the field of mucosal immunity and commensals. Recent breakthroughs on our understanding of mucosal immune responses in teleost fish open up the potential of teleosts as animal research models for the study of human mucosal diseases. Additionally, this new knowledge places immunologists in a better position to specifically target the fish mucosal immune system while rationally designing mucosal vaccines and other immunotherapies. In this review, an updated view on how teleost skin, gills and gut immune cells and molecules, function in response to pathogens and commensals is provided. Finally, some of the future avenues that the field of fish mucosal immunity may follow in the next years are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gomez
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - J Oriol Sunyer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Irene Salinas
- Center for Theoretical and Evolutionary Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, MSC03 2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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Romano N, Ceccarelli G, Caprera C, Caccia E, Baldassini MR, Marino G. Apoptosis in thymus of teleost fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:589-594. [PMID: 23639932 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The presence and distribution of apoptotic cells during thymus development and in adult were studied by in situ end-labelling of fragmented DNA in three temperate species carp (Cyprinus carpio), sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) and in the adult thymus of three Antarctic species belonging to the genus Trematomus spp. During thymus development some few isolated apoptotic cell (AC) firstly appeared in the central-external part of the organ (carp: 5 days ph; sea bass: 35 days ph grouper: 43 days ph). Initially the cells were isolated and then increased in number and aggregated in small groups in the outer-cortical region of the thymus larvae. The high density of apoptotic cells was observed in the junction between cortex and medulla from its appearance (border between cortex and medulla, BCM). ACs decreased in number in juveniles and adult as well as the ACs average diameter. In late juveniles and in adulthood, the apoptosis were restricted to the cortex. In Antarctic species the thymus is highly adapted to low temperature (high vascularisation to effort the circulation of glycoproteins enriched plasma and strongly compact parenchyma). The apoptosis process was more extended (4-7 fold) as compare with the thymus of temperate species, even if the distribution of ACs was similar in all examined species. Data suggested a common process of T lymphocyte negative-selection in BCM of thymus during the ontogeny. The selection process seems to be still active in adult polar fish, but restricted mainly in the cortex zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicla Romano
- Department of Ecology and Biology, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy.
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Mosca F, Romano N, Malatesta D, Ceccarelli G, Brunetti A, Bulfon C, Volpatti D, Abelli L, Galeotti M, Falconi A, Tiscar PG. Heat shock protein 70 kDa (HSP70) increase in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L 1758) thymus after vaccination against Listonella anguillarum. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:615-626. [PMID: 23053607 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins 70 kDa (HSP70) and apoptosis were investigated in thymus of sea bass juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) subsequently to a vaccination against Listonella (syn. Vibrio) anguillarum. HSP70 expression was measured by immunohistochemistry and immunoenzymatic methods, resulting in increase in HSP70 after bath immunization and persistent in fish exposed to an intraperitoneal (i.p.) booster. The HSP70 increase in thymus was suggested as induction in lymphocytic cells, to be related to immune system stimulation after vaccination. However, a thymic recruitment of lymphocyte subpopulations, characterized by higher expression of HSP70, was also hypothesized after vaccination. No apparent relationships were found between HSP70 and apoptosis. In fact, the vaccination did not modulate the apoptosis response, as measured by TUNEL assay and by immunohistochemistry for active caspase-3 expression. The lack of apoptosis effects could be ascribed to the use of inactivated bacteria that appeared not able to interfere with programmed cell death mechanisms. This manuscript aims to contribute to the knowledge of some biochemical features underlying the immunization, with a particular emphasis on the modulation of HSP70. However, further parameters involved in innate/adaptative immunity and apoptosis pathways have to be taken into account to well establish the functional role of HSP70 in fish vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mosca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Comparate, P.zza A. Moro 45, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Galeotti M, Romano N, Volpatti D, Bulfon C, Brunetti A, Tiscar PG, Mosca F, Bertoni F, Marchetti MG, Abelli L. Innovative vaccination protocol against vibriosis in Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) juveniles: Improvement of immune parameters and protection to challenge. Vaccine 2013; 31:1224-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Yu Y, Zhong Q, Li C, Jiang L, Wang Y, Sun Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Zhang Q. Identification and characterization of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK-4) in half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 32:609-615. [PMID: 22230843 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
As a crucial component in TLR/IL-1R signaling pathways, IRAK-4 plays a central role in innate and adaptive immunity. In the present study, the cDNA of IRAK-4 was cloned for the first time from half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). The full-length cDNA of csIRAK-4 was 2149 bp and contained a 168 bp 5' UTR, a 580 bp 3' UTR and a 1401 bp CDS. The predicted protein sequence of csIRAK-4 had two typical domains, a death domain (DD) at the N terminus and a serine/threonine/tyrosine protein kinase domain (STYKc) at the C terminus. RT-PCR showed that csIRAK-4 mRNA was detected in all tested tissues, especially in immune-related organs, gonads and brain. After injected with inactivated Vibrio anguillarum, the expressions of csIRAK-4 were up-regulated significantly (P<0.05) in spleen and head kidney. During development, csIRAK-4 was expressed at all selected stages and low-level expression was detected at metamorphosis. Taken together, the present study indicated that csIRAK-4 played a crucial role in immune responses and might be involved in the process of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yu
- Department of Life Science, Huainan Normal University, PR China
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Laing KJ, Hansen JD. Fish T cells: recent advances through genomics. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 35:1282-1295. [PMID: 21414347 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This brief review is intended to provide a concise overview of the current literature concerning T cells, advances in identifying distinct T cell functional subsets, and in distinguishing effector cells from memory cells. We compare and contrast a wealth of recent progress made in T cell immunology of teleost, elasmobranch, and agnathan fish, to knowledge derived from mammalian T cell studies. From genome studies, fish clearly have most components associated with T cell function and we can speculate on the presence of putative T cell subsets, and the ability to detect their differentiation to form memory cells. Some recombinant proteins for T cell associated cytokines and antibodies for T cell surface receptors have been generated that will facilitate studying the functional roles of teleost T cells during immune responses. Although there is still a long way to go, major advances have occurred in recent years for investigating T cell responses, thus phenotypic and functional characterization is on the near horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry J Laing
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer, Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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