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Sexually Dimorphic Gene Expression in X and Y Sperms Instructs Sexual Dimorphism of Embryonic Genome Activation in Yellow Catfish ( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121818. [PMID: 36552327 PMCID: PMC9775105 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Paternal factors play an important role in embryonic morphogenesis and contribute to sexual dimorphism in development. To assess the effect of paternal DNA on sexual dimorphism of embryonic genome activation, we compared X and Y sperm and different sexes of embryos before sex determination. Through transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) of X and Y sperm, we found a big proportion of upregulated genes in Y sperm, supported by the observation that genome-wide DNA methylation level is slightly lower than in X sperm. Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, TGF-beta, and toll-like receptor pathways play important roles in spermatogenesis. Through whole-genome re-sequencing (WGRS) of parental fish and RNA-seq of five early embryonic stages, we found the low-blastocyst time point is a key to maternal transcriptome degradation and zygotic genome activation. Generally, sexual differences emerged from the bud stage. Moreover, through integrated analysis of paternal SNPs and gene expression, we evaluated the influence of paternal inheritance on sexual dimorphism of genome activation. Besides, we screened out gata6 and ddx5 as potential instructors for early sex determination and gonad development in yellow catfish. This work is meaningful for revealing the molecular mechanisms of sex determination and sexual dimorphism of fish species.
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Li XP, Sun JQ, Sui ZH, Zhang J, Feng JX. Membrane orthologs of TLR5 of tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis: Expression patterns, signaling pathway and antibacterial property. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:131-140. [PMID: 35618170 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is crucial for recognizing bacterial flagellin and initiating the inflammatory signaling cascades via myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling pathway, which plays vital roles in innate immune against pathogenic bacteria. Herein, we reported the signaling pathway and antibacterial property of tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) membrane forms of TLR5 (i.e. CsTLR5M1and CsTLR5M2). CsTLR5M1/M2 contain 936 and 885 amino acid residues respectively. CsTLR5M1 shares 86.7% overall sequence identities with CsTLR5M2. CsTLR5M1/M2 possess the same extracellular domain (ECD) and transmembrane domain (TMD), but the different toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. CsTLR5M1/M2 expression occurred constitutively in multiple tissues and regulated by bacterial stimulation. Recombinant CsTLR5M1/M2 (rCsTLR5M) could bind to flagellin and Gram-negative/positive bacteria, which could suppress bacterial growth. Stimulation of the CsTLR5M pathway by flagellin resulted in increased expression of MyD88-dependent signaling molecules and inflammatory cytokines. Blocking rCsTLR5M by antibody markedly reduced the phagocytosis and ROS production of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), which in turn in vivo promoted the dissemination of bacteria. Overall, these observations add new insights into the signaling pathway and immune function of teleost TLR5M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Peng Li
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
| | - Jia-Qi Sun
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhi-Hai Sui
- School of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Ji-Xing Feng
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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3
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Sun QX, Huang XN, Pan Y, Yao CL. Promoter analysis of TLR5M and TLR5S revealed NF-κB might be a conserved cis-element in TLR5S promoter of large yellow croaker. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 257:110675. [PMID: 34637922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Toll like receptor 5 (TLR5) plays a crucial role in the innate immune response by recognizing bacterial flagellin proteins. In the present study, the genomic and 5'-flanking sequences of LcTLR5M (membrane) and LcTLR5S (soluble) were cloned from the large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea. Then, their promoter activities were determined in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells. LcTLR5M contained 4 exons and 3 introns, and LcTLR5S contained 2 exons and 1 intron. Bioinformatic prediction of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) indicated that the promoter structures were different between LcTLR5M and LcTLR5S. A dual luciferase assay showed that the deletion mutant -471 to +189 of LcTLR5M promoter possessed the greatest activity with 36 times activity of the control (P < 0.05). For LcTLR5S, two deletion mutants, -1687 to +106 and - 720 to +106, showed high promoter activity. Furthermore, site-directed mutation demonstrated that a -392 to -391 AT/GG substitution in Oct-1 binding site, and a -104 to -103 GG/TT and a -98 to -97 CC/AA substitution in the NF-κB binding site of TLR5S caused a significant decline of luciferase activity (P < 0.05). Moreover, the co-transfection of an NF-κB/p65 over-expression plasmid with wild type TLR5S (-720 to +106) resulted in an extremely significant increase of promoter activity by more than 9 times compared with the NF-kB mutant (P < 0.01). Our findings suggest that the genomic organization and promoter structure may differ between LcTLR5M and LcTLR5S. Oct1 and NF-κB binding sites might be cis-regulatory elements in the LcTLR5S promoter. NF-κB/p65 plays an important role in LcTLR5S promoter activation through binding with the NF-κB binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xue Sun
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xue-Na Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, Fujian 352103, China
| | - Cui-Luan Yao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Toll-Like Receptor 5 of Golden Pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758): Characterization, Promoter Activity and Functional Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165916. [PMID: 32824641 PMCID: PMC7460618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as important pattern recognition receptors, represent a significant component of fish immune systems and play an important role in resisting the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. The TLR5 subfamily contains two types of TLR5, the membrane form of TLR5 (TLR5M) and the soluble form of TLR5 (TLR5S), whose detailed functions have not been completely elucidated. In the present study, we first identified two genes, TLR5M (ToTLR5M) and TLR5S (ToTLR5S), from golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). The full-length ToTLR5M and ToTLR5S cDNA are 3644 bp and 2329 bp, respectively, comprising an open reading frame (ORF) of 2673 bp, encoding 890 amino acids, and an ORF of 1935 bp, encoding 644 amino acids. Both the ToTLR5s possess representative TLR domains; however, only ToTLR5M has transmembrane and intracellular TIR domains. Moreover, the transcription of two ToTLR5s was significantly upregulated after stimulation by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and flagellin in both immune-related tissues (liver, intestine, blood, kidney, and skin) and nonimmune-related tissue (muscle). Furthermore, the results of bioinformatic and promoter analysis show that the transcription factors GATA-1 (GATA Binding Protein 1), C/EBPalpha (CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein Alpha), and ICSBP (Interferon (IFN) consensus sequence binding protein) may play a positive role in moderating the expression of two ToTLR5s. Overexpression of ToTLR5M and ToTLR5S notably increases NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-B) activity. Additionally, the binding assay revealed that two rToTLR5s can bind specifically to bacteria and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) containing Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio vulnificus, Escherichia coli, Photobacterium damselae, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, LPS, poly(I:C), flagellin, and peptidoglycan (PGN). In conclusion, the present study may help to elucidate the function of ToTLR5M/S and clarify their possible roles in the fish immune response to bacterial infection.
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Cao M, Yan X, Yang N, Fu Q, Xue T, Zhao S, Hu J, Li Q, Song L, Zhang X, Su B, Li C. Genome-wide characterization of Toll-like receptors in black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii: Evolution and response mechanisms following Edwardsiella tarda infection. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:949-962. [PMID: 32679322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As one of the key components of pattern recognition receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play pivotal roles in the innate immune system. However, little information is available about the TLR genes in Sebastes schlegelii. In the present study, 17 TLR genes were identified and classified based on the whole genome database. Tandem duplication events in TLR1, TLR2, TLR5 and TLR13 played major role in the expansion of S. schlegelii TLR genes; both TLR2-3 and TLR2-4 had the same largest number of introns/exons, 11 exons and 10 introns. The syntenic analysis showed neighboring genes of TLR genes were most conserved in S. schlegelii and in L. crocea. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis showed that these TLR genes were divided into five subfamilies and exhibited different selection pressures. Meanwhile, the expression patterns of TLR genes in the intestine after E. tarda infection were investigated by qRT-PCR. Finally, protein and protein interaction (PPI) network analysis indicated that TLR genes interacted with IFN-inducible genes, inflammatory cytokines, and participated in MyD88-dependent pathway. In summary, this study provided valuable information for further functional characterization of TLR genes in S. schlegelii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xu Yan
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266011, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shoucong Zhao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jie Hu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lin Song
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266011, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Baofeng Su
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Fan H, Wang L, Wen H, Wang K, Qi X, Li J, He F, Li Y. Genome-wide identification and characterization of toll-like receptor genes in spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) and their involvement in the host immune response to Vibrio harveyi infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:782-791. [PMID: 31288100 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes are the earliest reported pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) and have been extensively studied. These genes play pivotal roles in the innate immune defense against pathogen invasion. In this study, a total of 16 tlr genes were identified and characterized in spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus). The tlr genes of spotted sea bass were classified into five subfamilies (tlr1-subfamily, tlr3-subfamily, tlr5-subfamily, tlr7-subfamily, and tlr11-subfamily) according to the phylogenetic analysis, and their annotations were confirmed by a syntenic analysis. The protein domain analysis indicated that most tlr genes had the following three major TLR protein domains: a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain, a transmembrane region (TM) and a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. The tlr genes in spotted sea bass were distributed in 11 of 24 chromosomes. The mRNA expression levels of 16 tlr genes in response to Vibrio harveyi infection were quantified in the head kidney. Most genes were downregulated following V. harveyi infection, while only 5 tlr genes, including tlr1-1, tlr1-2, tlr2-2, tlr5, and tlr7, were significantly upregulated. Collectively, these results help elucidate the crucial roles of tlr genes in the immune response of spotted sea bass and may supply valuable genomic resources for future studies investigating fish disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lingyu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Haishen Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kuiqin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xin Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jifang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Feng He
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Morimoto N, Kondo M, Kono T, Sakai M, Hikima JI. Nonconservation of TLR5 activation site in Edwardsiella tarda flagellin decreases expression of interleukin-1β and NF-κB genes in Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:765-771. [PMID: 30776541 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Flagellin is the subunit protein that composes bacterial flagella and is recognized by toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) as a ligand. Flagellin protein (e.g., FliC and FlaA) contains the D1, D2, and D3 domains; the D1 domain is important for recognition by TLR5 for activation of the innate immune system. In teleosts, there are two types of TLR5, the membrane form (TLR5M) and soluble form (TLR5S), the latter of which is not present in mammals. In this study, the potential of flagellin from Edwardsiella tarda (EtFliC) to induce inflammation-related genes interleukin (IL)-1β and NF-κB-p65 through TLR5S in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was elucidated. A transient overexpression system was developed in flounder natural embryonic (HINAE) cells using constructs encoding two flagellin genes derived from E. tarda (pEtFliC) and Escherichia coli (pEcoFliC) and the flounder TLR5S gene (pPoTLR5S). Expression of inflammation-related genes in EtFliC- and PoTLR5S-overexpressing HINAE cells was significantly lower than in EcoFliC- and PoTLR5S-overexpressing cells. To clarify the difference between EtFliC and EcoFliC potency, the amino acid sequence of EtFliC was compared with that of other bacterial flagellin. The 91st arginine residue, known as the mammalian TLR5 activation site, was conserved in the flagellin of E. coli and other bacteria but not in EtFliC. To reveal the importance of the 91st arginine residue in FliC, a pEtFliC construct in which the 91st asparagine was mutated to arginine (pEtFliC_N91R) was generated. Expression of the IL-1β and NF-κB-p65 genes in the HINAE cells co-transfected with pEtFliC_N91R and pPoTLR5S was significantly higher than that in cells co-transfected with pEtFliC and pPoTLR5S. The results suggested that the 91st arginine residue of bacterial flagellin is involved in inflammatory response through TLR5S in teleosts. Thus, EtFliC improved by site-directed mutagenesis could be an effective adjuvant against E. tarda infection in Japanese flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Morimoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kondo
- Department of Applied Aquabiology, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 759-6595, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kono
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Hikima
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
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Wu M, Guo L, Zhu KC, Guo HY, Liu BS, Zhang N, Jiang SG, Zhang DC. Molecular characterization of toll-like receptor 14 from golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus, 1758) and its expression response to three types of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 232:1-10. [PMID: 30825647 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in the host immune system, including recognizing invading pathogenic microbes and triggering immune reactions. Toll-like receptor 14 (TLR14) has been identified in several fish species, but its function requires further study. In this study, TLR14 (designed as ToTLR14) from golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus), was characterized and investigated its expression responses to three types of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The full-length ToTLR14 cDNA was 3191 bp, and the deduced protein consisted of 876 amino acids. The ToTLR14 protein included 5 leucine rich repeat (LRR) domains, a C-terminal LRR domain in the extracellular region, a transmembrane domain and a Toll/interleukin (IL)-1 receptor (TIR) domain in the cytoplasmic region, which fits with the typical TLR domain architecture. The genomic organization of ToTLR14 was also identified and consisted of four introns and five exons. The predicted promoter region of ToTLR14 contained several putative transcription factor binding sites. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ToTLR14 was clustered into the TLR1 subfamily clade. Quantitative real-time (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that ToTLR14 were ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues, with higher mRNA levels observed in the skin, kidney and intestine, while the lowest level was detected in the stomach. After injection with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], flagellin or lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the expression level of ToTLR14 mRNA were significantly upregulated in various tissues of golden pompano. These results indicate that ToTLR14 may play an important role in systemic as well as mucosal defence after viral and bacterial stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 200090 Shanghai, China; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ke-Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua-Yang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bao-Suo Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Gui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dian-Chang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Muñoz-Flores C, Astuya A, Roa F, Romero A, Acosta J, Sánchez O, Toledo J. Activation of membrane-bound and soluble Toll-like Receptors 5 in Salmo salar depends on the MyD88 signalling pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2215-2225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Quan Y, Song K, Zhang Y, Zhu C, Shen Z, Wu S, Luo W, Tan B, Yang Z, Wang X. Roseburia intestinalis-derived flagellin is a negative regulator of intestinal inflammation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:791-799. [PMID: 29772233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that the Roseburia intestinalis (R. intestinalis), one of the dominant intestinal bacterial microbiota, was significantly decreased in Crohn's disease patients and protected colon epithelial cells from inflammatory damage. However, the roles of lncRNAs in R. intestinalis flagellin-mediated anti-inflammation remain unclear. In this study, we investigate global lncRNA expression profiles using microarray analysis of ulcerative colitis samples from DSS/Flagellin-challenged mice and identified a Flagellin-induced upregulated lncRNA (HIF1A-AS2). Flagellin induced HIF1A-AS2 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner via p38-stat1 activation. Selective pharmacological inhibitors of Stat1 and p38, and genetic knockdown of these genes abolished Flagellin-induced HIF1A-AS2 expression. In addition, luciferase reporter assay showed that Flagellin activated HIF1A-AS2 promotor via increasing stat1 phosphorylation. Silencing of HIF1A-AS2 abolished Flagellin-mediated anti-inflammatory effects, evaluating by upregulation of cytokines expression, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12, but not TNFβ. In addition, knockdown of HIF1A-AS2 significantly increased p65 and Jnk phosphorylation, and sufficiently abolished Flagellin-mediated anti-inflammatory affects in vivo. Our study provides new insights into the mechanisms that lncRNAs regulate flagellin-mediated alleviation of colonic inflammation. It is indicated that HIF1A-AS2 may be a modulator of intestinal inflammation and represent a novel target for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kerui Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Changxin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaohua Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weiwei Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bei Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Eggestøl HØ, Lunde HS, Rønneseth A, Fredman D, Petersen K, Mishra CK, Furmanek T, Colquhoun DJ, Wergeland HI, Haugland GT. Transcriptome-wide mapping of signaling pathways and early immune responses in lumpfish leukocytes upon in vitro bacterial exposure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5261. [PMID: 29588496 PMCID: PMC5869700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed RNA sequencing, identified components of the immune system and mapped early immune responses of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) leukocytes following in vitro exposure to the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio anguillarum O1. This is the first characterization of immune molecules in lumpfish at the gene level. In silico analyses revealed that genes encoding proteins involved in pathogen recognition, cell signaling and cytokines in mammals and teleosts are conserved in lumpfish. Unique molecules were also identified. Pathogen recognition components include 13 TLRs, several NLRs and complement factors. Transcriptome-wide analyses of immune responses 6 and 24 hours post bacterial exposure revealed differential expression of 9033 and 15225 genes, respectively. These included TLR5S, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, TNFα, IL-17A/F3, IL-17C and several components of the complement system. The data generated will be valuable for comparative studies and make an important basis for further functional analyses of immune and pathogenicity mechanisms. Such knowledge is also important for design of immunoprophylactic measures in lumpfish, a species of fish now farmed intensively for use as cleaner-fish in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harald S Lunde
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - David Fredman
- Computational biology unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell Petersen
- Computational biology unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Charitra K Mishra
- Computational biology unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tomasz Furmanek
- Computational biology unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Duncan J Colquhoun
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Gyri T Haugland
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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12
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Umasuthan N, Bathige SDNK, Thulasitha WS, Jayasooriya RGPT, Shin Y, Lee J. Identification of a gene encoding a membrane-anchored toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5M) in Oplegnathus fasciatus that responds to flagellin challenge and activates NF-κB. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 62:276-290. [PMID: 28111358 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) recognizes bacterial flagellin and induces the downstream signaling through the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) protein to produce proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we describe a TLR5 membrane form (OfTLR5M) and its adaptor protein MyD88 (OfMyD88) in rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus. Both Oftlr5m (6.7 kb) and Ofmyd88 (3.7 kb) genes displayed a quinquepartite structure with five exons and four introns. Protein structure of OfTLR5M revealed the conventional architecture of TLRs featured by an extracellular domain with 22 leucine rich repeats (LRR), a transmembrane domain and an endodomain with TIR motif. Primary OfTLR5M sequence shared a higher homology with teleost TLR5M. The evolutional analysis confirmed that TLR5 identified in the current study is a membrane receptor and the data further suggested the co-evolution of the membrane-anchored and soluble forms of TLR5 in teleosts. Inter-lineage comparison of gene structures in vertebrates indicated that the tlr5m gene has evolved with extensive rearrangement; whereas, the myd88 gene has maintained a stable structure throughout the evolution. Inspection of 5' flanking region of these genes disclosed the presence of several transcription factor binding sites including NF-κB. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) detected Oftlr5m mRNA in eleven tissues with the highest abundance in liver. In vivo flagellin administration strongly induced the transcripts of both Oftlr5m and Ofmyd88 in gills and head kidney tissues suggesting their ligand-mediated upregulation. In a luciferase assay, HEK293T cells transiently transfected with Oftlr5m and Ofmyd88 demonstrated a higher NF-κB activity than the mock control, and the luciferase activity was intensified when cells were stimulated with flagellin. Collectively, our study represents the genomic, evolutional, expressional and functional insights into a receptor and adaptor molecules of teleost origin that are involved in flagellin sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-8570, Japan
| | - S D N K Bathige
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - William Shanthakumar Thulasitha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - R G P T Jayasooriya
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Younhee Shin
- Insilicogen Inc., Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16954, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Wang H, Zhu Y, Xu X, Wang X, Hou Q, Xu Q, Sun Z, Mi Y, Hu C. Ctenopharyngodon idella NF-κB subunit p65 modulates the transcription of IκBα in CIK cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 54:564-572. [PMID: 27142933 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.04.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
NF-κB is an important transcription factor for regulating the multiple inflammatory and immune related gene transcription. It can bind with the nuclear factor κB site within the promoter of target genes to regulate their transcriptions. p65, the all-important subunit of NF-κB, is ubiquitously expressed in cells. In the present study, we cloned and identified the p65 subunit from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) (named Cip65) by homologous cloning and RACE technique. The full length of Cip65 cDNA is 2481 bp along with 9 bp 5' UTR, 639 bp 3' UTR and the largest open reading frame (1833 bp) encoding a polypeptide of 610 amino acids with a well conserved Rel-homology domain (RHD) in N-terminal and a putative transcription activation domain (TAD) in C-terminal. Cip65 gathers with other teleost p65 proteins to form a fish-specific clade clearly distinct from those of mammalian and amphibian counterparts on the phylogenetic tree. In CIK (C. idellus kidney) cells, the expression of Cip65 was significantly up-regulated under the stimulation with Poly I:C. As one member of the NF-κB inhibitor protein (IκB) family, IκBα can dominate the activity of NF-κB by interacting with it. To study the molecular mechanisms of negative feedback loop of NF-κB signaling in fish, we cloned grass carp IκBα (CiIκBα) promoter sequence. CiIκBα promoter is 414 bp in length containing two RelA binding sites and a putative atypical TATA-box. Meanwhile, Cip65 and its mutant proteins including C-terminus deletion mutant of Cip65 (Cip65-ΔC) and N-terminus deletion mutant of Cip65 (Cip65-ΔN) were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and purified by affinity chromatography with the Ni-NTA His-Bind resin. In vitro, Cip65 rather than Cip65-ΔC and Cip65-ΔN showed high affinity with CiIκBα promoter sequence by gel mobility shift assays. In vivo, the cotransfection of pcDNA3.1-Cip65 (or pcDNA3.1-Cip65-ΔC, pcDNA3.1-Cip65-ΔN respectively) with pGL3-CiIκBα and pRL-TK renilla luciferase plasmid into CIK cells showed that pcDNA3.1-Cip65 rather than pcDNA3.1-Cip65-ΔC and pcDNA3.1-Cip65-ΔN, can increase the luciferase activity. Taken together, these results suggested that Cip65 can regulate the expression of CiIκBα and works as a negative feedback loop in NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Wang
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
| | - Youlin Zhu
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiangqin Wang
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Qunhao Hou
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhicheng Sun
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yichuan Mi
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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Insights into the antiviral immunity against grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) reovirus (GCRV) in grass carp. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:670437. [PMID: 25759845 PMCID: PMC4337036 DOI: 10.1155/2015/670437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Global fish production from aquaculture has rapidly grown over the past decades, and grass carp shares the largest portion. However, hemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) results in tremendous loss of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) industry. During the past years, development of molecular biology and cellular biology technologies has promoted significant advances in the understanding of the pathogen and the immune system. Immunoprophylaxis based on stimulation of the immune system of fish has also got some achievements. In this review, authors summarize the recent progresses in basic researches on GCRV; viral nucleic acid sensors, high-mobility group box proteins (HMGBs); pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and retinoic acid inducible gene I- (RIG-I-) like receptors (RLRs); antiviral immune responses induced by PRRs-mediated signaling cascades of type I interferon (IFN-I) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) activation. The present review also notices the potential applications of molecule genetic markers. Additionally, authors discuss the current preventive and therapeutic strategies (vaccines, RNAi, and prevention medicine) and highlight the importance of innate immunity in long term control for grass carp hemorrhagic disease.
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15
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Moon JY, Hong YK, Kong HJ, Kim DG, Kim YO, Kim WJ, Ji YJ, An CM, Nam BH. A cDNA microarray analysis to identify genes involved in the acute-phase response pathway of the olive flounder after infection with Edwardsiella tarda. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 161:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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Kanwal Z, Wiegertjes GF, Veneman WJ, Meijer AH, Spaink HP. Comparative studies of Toll-like receptor signalling using zebrafish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 46:35-52. [PMID: 24560981 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish model systems for infectious disease are increasingly used for the functional analysis of molecular pattern recognition processes. These studies benefit from the high conservation level of all innate immune factors in vertebrates. Zebrafish studies are strategically well positioned for this because of the ease of comparisons with studies in other fish species of which the immune system also has been intensively studied, but that are currently still less amendable to detailed genetic or microscopic studies. In this paper we focus on Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling factors, which currently are the best characterized in mammalian systems. We review the knowledge on TLR signalling in the context of recent advances in zebrafish studies and discuss possibilities for future approaches that can complement studies in cell cultures and rodent models. A focus in these comparisons is the role of negative control mechanisms in immune responses that appear very important in a whole organism to keep adverse systemic responses in check. We also pay much attention to comparisons with studies in common carp that is highly related to zebrafish and that because of its large body mass can complement immune studies in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Kanwal
- Department of Animal Sciences and Health, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geert F Wiegertjes
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J Veneman
- Department of Animal Sciences and Health, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie H Meijer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Health, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Department of Animal Sciences and Health, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Pietretti D, Wiegertjes GF. Ligand specificities of Toll-like receptors in fish: indications from infection studies. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 43:205-222. [PMID: 23981328 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Toll like receptors (TLRs) are present in many different fish families from several different orders, including cyprinid, salmonid, perciform, pleuronectiform and gadiform representatives, with at least some conserved properties among these species. However, low conservation of the leucine-rich repeat ectodomain hinders predictions of ligand specificities of fish TLRs based on sequence information only. We review the presence of a TLR genes, and changes in their gene expression profiles as result of infection, in the context of different fish orders and fish families. The application of RT-qPCR and availability of increasing numbers of fish genomes has led to numerous gene expression studies, including studies on TLR gene expression, providing the most complete dataset to date. Induced changes of gene expression may provide (in)direct evidence for the involvement of a particular TLR in the reaction to a pathogen. Especially when findings are consistent across different studies on the same fish species or consistent across different fish species, up-regulation of TLR gene expression could be a first indication of functional relevance. We discuss TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 as presumed sensors of bacterial ligands and discuss as presumed sensors of viral ligands TLR3 and TLR22, TLR7 and TLR8. More functional studies are needed before conclusions on ligands specific to (groups of) fish TLRs can be drawn, certainly true for studies on non-mammalian TLRs. Future studies on the conservation of function of accessory molecules, in conjunction with TLR molecules, may bring new insight into the function of fish TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Pietretti
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert F Wiegertjes
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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