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Liu C, Yang C, Wang M, Jiang S, Yi Q, Wang W, Wang L, Song L. A CD63 Homolog Specially Recruited to the Fungi-Contained Phagosomes Is Involved in the Cellular Immune Response of Oyster Crassostrea gigas. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1379. [PMID: 32793193 PMCID: PMC7387653 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 63 (CD63), a four-transmembrane glycoprotein in the subfamily of tetraspanin, has been widely recognized as a gateway from the infection of foreign invaders to the immune defense of hosts. Its role in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is, however, yet to be discovered. This work makes contributions by identifying CgCD63H, a CD63 homolog with four transmembrane domains and one conservative CCG motif, and establishing its role as a receptor that participates in immune recognition and hemocyte phagocytosis. The presence of CgCD63H messenger RNA (mRNA) in hepatopancreas, labial palps, gill, and hemocytes is confirmed. The expression level of mRNA in hemocytes is found significantly (p < 0.01) upregulated after the injection of Vibrio splendidus. CgCD63H protein, typically distributed over the plasma membrane of oyster hemocytes, is recruited to the Yarrowia lipolytica-containing phagosomes after the stimulation of Y. lipolytica. The recombinant CgCD63H protein expresses binding capacity to glucan (GLU), peptidoglycan (PGN), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of lyophilized hemolymph. The phagocytic rate of hemocytes toward V. splendidus and Y. lipolytica is significantly inhibited (p < 0.01) after incubation with anti-CgCD63H antibody. Our work further suggests that CgCD63H functions as a receptor involved in the immune recognition and hemocyte phagocytosis against invading pathogen, which can be a marker candidate for the hemocyte typing in C. gigas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Chuanyan Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qilin Yi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
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Proestou DA, Sullivan ME. Variation in global transcriptomic response to Perkinsus marinus infection among eastern oyster families highlights potential mechanisms of disease resistance. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 96:141-151. [PMID: 31809834 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dermo disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus, negatively impacts wild and cultured Eastern oyster populations, yet our knowledge of the mechanistic bases for parasite pathogenicity and the Eastern oyster's response to it is limited. To better understand host responses to the parasite and identify molecular mechanisms underlying disease-resistance phenotypes, we experimentally challenged two families exhibiting divergent Dermo-resistance phenotypes with the parasite, generated global expression profiles using RNAseq and identified differentially expressed transcripts between control and challenged oysters from each family at multiple time points post-parasite injection. The susceptible and resistant families exhibited strikingly different transcriptomic responses to the parasite over a 28-day time period. The resistant family exhibited a strong, focused, early response to P. marinus infection, where many significantly upregulated transcripts were associated with the biological processes "regulation of proteolysis" and "oxidation-reduction process." P. marinus virulence factors are mainly comprised of proteases that facilitate parasite invasion and weaken host humoral defenses, thus host upregulation of transcripts associated with negative regulation of proteolysis is consistent with a Dermo-resistant phenotype. In contrast, the susceptible family mounted a very weak, disorganized, initial response to the parasite. Few transcripts were differentially expressed between control and injected oysters, and no functional enrichment was detected among them. At the final 28 d time point 2450 differentially expressed transcripts were identified and were associated with either "G-protein coupled receptor activity" (upregulated) or "microtubule-based process" (downregulated). A handful of protease inhibitors were differentially expressed between control and injected susceptible oysters, but this function was not enriched in the susceptible data set. The differential expression patterns observed in this study provide valuable insight into the functional basis of Dermo resistance and suggest that the timing of expression is just as important as the transcripts being expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina A Proestou
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Center, 469 CBLS, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
| | - Mary E Sullivan
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Center, 469 CBLS, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA; University of Rhode Island, Department of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science, 460 CBLS, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
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3
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Zhu XJ, Yang X, He W, Xiong Y, Liu J, Dai ZM. Involvement of tetraspanin 8 in the innate immune response of the giant prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:459-464. [PMID: 30476546 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The tetraspanins, representing a conserved superfamily of four-span membrane proteins, are highly involved in viral and bacterial infections. Thus far, the function of the tetraspanins in crustaceans remains largely unknown. In this study, we report the cloning and expression analysis of a tetraspanin 8 from the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (named as MrTspan8). MrTspan8 contains a 720-bp open reading frame encoding a 239-amino acids protein, which exhibits four transmembrane domains and two extracellular loops that are typical for tetraspanins. MrTspan8 was found to be widely expressed in a variety of prawn tissues including heart, gill, muscle, gut, and hepatopancreas. Additionally, MrTspan8 expression was significantly increased in the hepatopancreas and gill of the prawns challenged by the bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila. Moreover, we show that pre-incubation of the peptides from the large extracellular loop of MrTSPAN8 protein reduced the cell death caused by A. hydrophila infection in prawn tissue, suggesting that MrTSPAN8 could be a mediator for bacterial infection to prawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, 310036, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueqin Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, 310036, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiran He
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, 310036, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanan Xiong
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, 310036, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, 310018, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhong-Min Dai
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, 310036, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Lau YT, Gambino L, Santos B, Pales Espinosa E, Allam B. Regulation of oyster (Crassostrea virginica) hemocyte motility by the intracellular parasite Perkinsus marinus: A possible mechanism for host infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 78:18-25. [PMID: 29635064 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hemocytes associated with the mucus lining of pallial (mantle, gill) surfaces of the oyster Crassostrea virginica have been recently suggested to facilitate infection by the Alveolate parasite Perkinsus marinus by mediating the uptake and dispersion of parasite cells. These "pallial hemocytes", which are directly exposed to microbes present in surrounding seawater, are able to migrate bi-directionally between mucosal surfaces and the circulatory system, potentially playing a sentinel role. Interestingly, P. marinus was shown to increase trans-epithelial migration of hemocytes suggesting it may regulate cell motility to favor infection establishment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of P. marinus on hemocyte motility and identify specific molecular mechanisms potentially used by the parasite to regulate hemocyte migration. In a first series of experiments, various components of P. marinus (live P. marinus cells, extracellular products, fragments of P. marinus cell membrane, membrane-modified live P. marinus cells, heat-killed P. marinus) along with components of the opportunistic bacterial pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus (bacterial cells and extracellular products) were investigated for their effects on hemocyte motility. In a second series of experiments, inhibitors of specific molecular pathways involved in motility regulation (Y-27632: inhibitor of Rho-associated protein kinase, RGDS: integrin inhibitor, CK-666: Arp2/3 inhibitor) were used in conjunction with qPCR gene expression experiments to identify pathways regulated by P. marinus exposure. Results showed a specific increase in hemocyte motility following exposure to live P. marinus cells. The increase in motility induced by P. marinus was suppressed by RGDS and CK-666 implicating the involvement of integrins and Arp2/3 in cell activation. Gene expression data suggest that Arp2/3 is possibly regulated directly by an effector produced by P. marinus. The implications of increased hemocyte motility prompted by P. marinus during the early stage of the infection process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuk-Ting Lau
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, United States
| | - Laura Gambino
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, United States
| | - Bianca Santos
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, United States
| | - Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, United States
| | - Bassem Allam
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, United States.
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Priyathilaka TT, Bathige SDNK, Herath HMLPB, Lee S, Lee J. Molecular identification of disk abalone (Haliotis discus discus) tetraspanin 33 and CD63: Insights into potent players in the disk abalone host defense system. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 69:173-184. [PMID: 28823981 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tetraspanins are a superfamily of transmembrane proteins involved in a diverse range of physiological processes including differentiation, adhesion, signal transduction, cell motility, and immune responses. In the present study, two tetraspanins, CD63 and tetraspanin 33 (TSPAN33) from disk abalone (AbCD63 and AbTSPAN33), were identified and characterized at the molecular level. The coding sequences for AbCD63 and AbTSPAN33 encoded polypeptides of 234 and 290 amino acids (aa) with predicted molecular mass of 25.3 and 32.5 kDa, respectively. The deduced AbCD63 and AbTSPAN33 protein sequences were also predicted to have a typical tetraspanin domain architecture, including four transmembrane domains (TM), short N- and C- terminal regions, a short intracellular loop, as well as a large and small extracellular loop. A characteristic CCG motif and cysteine residues, which are highly conserved across CD63 and TSPAN33 proteins of different species, were present in the large extracellular loop of both abalone tetraspanins. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the AbCD63 and AbTSPAN33 clustered in the invertebrate subclade of tetraspanins, thus exhibiting a close relationship with tetraspanins of other mollusks. The AbCD63 and AbTSPAN33 mRNA transcripts were detected at early embryonic development stages of disk abalone with significantly higher amounts at the trochophore stage, suggesting the involvement of these proteins in embryonic development. Both AbCD63 and AbTSPAN33 were ubiquitously expressed in all the tissues of unchallenged abalones analyzed, with the highest expression levels found in hemocytes. Moreover, significant induction of AbCD63 and AbTSPAN33 mRNA expression was observed in immunologically important tissues, such as hemocytes and gills, upon stimulation with live bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Listeria monocytogenes), virus (viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus), and two potent immune stimulators [polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)]. Collectively, these findings suggest that AbCD63 and AbTSPAN33 are involved in innate immune responses in disk abalone during pathogenic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanthrige Thiunuwan Priyathilaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - S D N K Bathige
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - H M L P B Herath
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Sukkyoung Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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CD63 Promotes Hemocyte-Mediated Phagocytosis in the Clam, Paphia undulata. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:7893490. [PMID: 27868074 PMCID: PMC5102739 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7893490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the surface membrane proteins of tetraspanin family, CD63 plays a crucial role in cellular trafficking and endocytosis, which also is associated with activation of a wide variety of immune cells. Here, the homolog of CD63 was characterized from one marine mollusk, Paphia undulata, which is designated as Pu-CD63. The complete cDNA of Pu-CD63 is 1,738 bp in length with an open reading frame (ORF) of 849 bp, encoding a 282 amino acid protein with four putative hydrophobic transmembrane helixes. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that Pu-CD63 contains one putative YXXØ consensus motif of “110-YVII-113” and one N-glycosylation site “155-NGT-157” within the large extracellular loop (LEL) region, supporting its conserved function in plasma membrane and endosomal/lysosomal trafficking. Moreover, temporal expression profile analysis demonstrates a drastic induction in the expression of CD63 in hemocytes after pathogenic challenge with either V. parahaemolyticus or V. alginolyticus. By performing dsRNA-mediate RNAi knockdowns of CD63, a dramatic reduction in hemocytes phagocytic activity to pathogenic Vibrio is recorded by flow cytometry, revealing the definite role of Pu-CD63 in promoting hemocyte-mediated phagocytosis. Therefore, our work has greatly enhanced our understanding about primitive character of innate immunity in marine mollusk.
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7
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Xu T, Xie J, Yang S, Ye S, Luo M, Wu X. First characterization of three cyclophilin family proteins in the oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis Gould. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:257-266. [PMID: 27238430 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilins (CyPs) are a family of proteins that bind the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A (CsA) with high-affinity and belong to one of the three superfamilies of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIase). In this report, three cyclophilin genes (Ca-CyPs), including Ca-CyPA, Ca-CyPB and Ca-PPIL3, were identified from oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis Gould in which Ca-CyPA encodes a protein with 165 amino acid sequences, Ca-CyPB encodes a protein with 217 amino acid sequences and Ca-PPIL3 encodes a protein with 162 amino acid sequences. All of the three Ca-CyPs genes contain a typical CyP-PPIase domain with its signature sequences and Ca-CyPB contains an N-signal peptide sequences. Tissue distribution study revealed that Ca-CyPs were ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues and the highest levels were observed in hemocytes. RLO incubation upregulated the mRNA expression levels of Ca-CyPs, indicating that three Ca-CyPs might be involved in oyster immune response against RLO infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Technology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiasong Xie
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Technology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shoubao Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shigen Ye
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Technology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Technology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinzhong Wu
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Technology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Ocean College, Qinzhou University, Qinzhou City, Guangxi, China.
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Hou CY, Lin JHY, Lin SJ, Kuo WC, Lin HT. Down-regulation of CD53 expression in Epinephelus coioides under LPS, poly (I:C), and cytokine stimulation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 51:143-152. [PMID: 26631805 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tetraspanins are a group of cell surface molecules involved in cell adhesion, motility, metastasis, signal transduction, and immune cell activation. Members of the tetraspanin family include CD9, CD37, CD63, CD53, and others. However, few tetraspanins have been investigated in teleosts. In this study, we obtained the open reading frame of CD53 cDNA from orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioices), an economically important fish. The predicted amino acid structure contains four membrane-spanning domains and a conserved CCG motif. The amino acid identity between human and grouper CD53 was only 38%; however, both CD53 proteins share the same structure. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that mRNA is abundant in immune organs, including the head and trunk kidneys, spleen, thymus, gill, and blood. Immunochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses further revealed that CD53 was majorly expressed in the leukocytes of various organs. Finally, mRNA and protein expression for CD53 was down-regulated in fish treated with immune stimulators, including LPS, Poly (I:C), Vibrio, recombinant grouper IL-6, and CCL4. Our results indicate that the expression of CD53 may play important roles in pathogen invasion and inflammation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Hou
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, No.201, Taikang, Liuying Dist., Tainan City 736, Taiwan
| | - John Han-You Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Center of Biosciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jie Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ching Kuo
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Han-Tso Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan.
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Bachère E, Rosa RD, Schmitt P, Poirier AC, Merou N, Charrière GM, Destoumieux-Garzón D. The new insights into the oyster antimicrobial defense: Cellular, molecular and genetic view. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:50-64. [PMID: 25753917 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oysters are sessile filter feeders that live in close association with abundant and diverse communities of microorganisms that form the oyster microbiota. In such an association, cellular and molecular mechanisms have evolved to maintain oyster homeostasis upon stressful conditions including infection and changing environments. We give here cellular and molecular insights into the Crassostrea gigas antimicrobial defense system with focus on antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs). This review highlights the central role of the hemocytes in the modulation and control of oyster antimicrobial response. As vehicles for AMPs and other antimicrobial effectors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), and together with epithelia, hemocytes provide the oyster with local defense reactions instead of systemic humoral ones. These reactions are largely based on phagocytosis but also, as recently described, on the extracellular release of antimicrobial histones (ETosis) which is triggered by ROS. Thus, ROS can signal danger and activate cellular responses in the oyster. From the current literature, AMP production/release could serve similar functions. We provide also new lights on the oyster genetic background that underlies a great diversity of AMP sequences but also an extraordinary individual polymorphism of AMP gene expression. We discuss here how this polymorphism could generate new immune functions, new pathogen resistances or support individual adaptation to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Bachère
- Ifremer, UMR 5244, IHPE Interaction Host Pathogen Environment, UPVD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CC 80, F-34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Rafael Diego Rosa
- Ifremer, UMR 5244, IHPE Interaction Host Pathogen Environment, UPVD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CC 80, F-34095 Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Paulina Schmitt
- Ifremer, UMR 5244, IHPE Interaction Host Pathogen Environment, UPVD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CC 80, F-34095 Montpellier, France; Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad, Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, 2373223 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Aurore C Poirier
- Ifremer, UMR 5244, IHPE Interaction Host Pathogen Environment, UPVD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CC 80, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Merou
- Ifremer, UMR 5244, IHPE Interaction Host Pathogen Environment, UPVD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CC 80, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume M Charrière
- Ifremer, UMR 5244, IHPE Interaction Host Pathogen Environment, UPVD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CC 80, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón
- Ifremer, UMR 5244, IHPE Interaction Host Pathogen Environment, UPVD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CC 80, F-34095 Montpellier, France
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10
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Xu T, Xie J, Zhu B, Liu X, Wu X. allograft inflammatory factor 1 functions as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in the oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95859. [PMID: 24759987 PMCID: PMC3997479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The oyster Crassostrea ariakensis is an economically important bivalve species in China, unfortunately it has suffered severe mortalities in recent years caused by rickettsia-like organism (RLO) infection. Prevention and control of this disease is a priority for the development of oyster aquaculture. Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) was identified as a modulator of the immune response during macrophage activation and a key gene in host immune defense reaction and inflammatory response. Therefore we investigated the functions of C. ariakensis AIF-1 (Ca-AIF1) and its antibody (anti-CaAIF1) in oyster RLO/LPS-induced disease and inflammation. Ca-AIF1 encodes a 149 amino acid protein containing two typical Ca2+ binding EF-hand motifs and shares a 48-95% amino acid sequence identity with other animal AIF-1s. Tissue-specific expression analysis indicates that Ca-AIF1 is highly expressed in hemocytes. Significant and continuous up-regulation of Ca-AIF1 is detected when hemocytes are stimulated with RLO/LPS (RLO or LPS). Treatment with recombinant Ca-AIF1 protein significantly up-regulates the expression levels of LITAF, MyD88 and TGFβ. When anti-CaAIF1 antibody is added to RLO/LPS-challenged hemocyte monolayers, a significant reduction of RLO/LPS-induced LITAF is observed at 1.5-12 h after treatment, suggesting that interference with Ca-AIF1 can suppress the inflammatory response. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis indicated that anti-CaAIF1 administration reduces RLO/LPS-induced apoptosis and necrosis rates of hemocytes. Collectively these findings suggest that Ca-AIF1 functions as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in the oyster immune response and is a potential target for controlling RLO infection and LPS-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Technology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang institute of freshwater fishery, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiasong Xie
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Technology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baojian Zhu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinzhong Wu
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Technology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Sun J, Mu H, Zhang H, Chandramouli KH, Qian PY, Wong CKC, Qiu JW. Understanding the Regulation of Estivation in a Freshwater Snail through iTRAQ-Based Comparative Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:5271-80. [DOI: 10.1021/pr400570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun
- Department
of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huawei Mu
- Department
of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huoming Zhang
- Biosciences
Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Division
of Life Science, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- Department
of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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12
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Choi SH, Jee BY, Lee SJ, Cho MY, Lee SJ, Kim JW, Jeong HD, Kim KH. Effects of RNA interference-mediated knock-down of hypoxia-inducible factor-α on respiratory burst activity of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas hemocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:476-479. [PMID: 23680843 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α) is known to play important roles not only in oxygen homeostasis but also in innate immune responses. In this study, to assess the functional role of HIF-α in respiratory burst activity of Crassostrea gigas hemocytes, oysters were injected with HIF-α- or green fluorescent protein (GFP)-targeted-long double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), and at 1, 3, and 7 days post-injection, knock-down of C. gigas HIF-α expression and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed. Expression of HIF-α in mantle, gill, and hemocytes of C. gigas was clearly down-regulated by injection of the HIF-α-targeted-long dsRNA, but was not inhibited by the GFP-targeted-long dsRNA, indicating that HIF-α expression was suppressed through sequence-specific and systemic RNA interference (RNAi). Respiratory burst activity of hemocytes was significantly increased by administration of GFP-targeted-long dsRNA. However, knock-down of HIF-α expression led to significant decrease of chemiluminescence (CL) response of C. gigas hemocytes at 3 and 7 days post-administration of HIF-α-targeted-long dsRNA, indicating the critical role of HIF-α in activation of respiratory burst activity of oyster hemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyuk Choi
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, 599-1, Daeyeondong, Namgu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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