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Medina-Jiménez BI, Budd GE, Pechmann M, Posnien N, Janssen R. Single-cell sequencing suggests a conserved function of Hedgehog-signalling in spider eye development. EvoDevo 2024; 15:11. [PMID: 39327634 PMCID: PMC11428483 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-024-00230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spiders evolved different types of eyes, a pair of primary eyes that are usually forward pointing, and three pairs of secondary eyes that are typically situated more posterior and lateral on the spider's head. The best understanding of arthropod eye development comes from the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster, the main arthropod model organism, that also evolved different types of eyes, the larval eyes and the ocelli and compound eyes of the imago. The gene regulatory networks that underlie eye development in this species are well investigated revealing a conserved core network, but also show several differences between the different types of eyes. Recent candidate gene approaches identified a number of conserved genes in arthropod eye development, but also revealed crucial differences including the apparent lack of some key factors in some groups of arthropods, including spiders. RESULTS Here, we re-analysed our published scRNA sequencing data and found potential key regulators of spider eye development that were previously overlooked. Unlike earlier research on this topic, our new data suggest that Hedgehog (Hh)-signalling is involved in eye development in the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum. By investigating embryonic gene expression in representatives of all main groups of spiders, we demonstrate that this involvement is conserved in spiders. Additionally, we identified genes that are expressed in the developing eyes of spiders, but that have not been studied in this context before. CONCLUSION Our data show that single-cell sequencing represents a powerful method to gain deeper insight into gene regulatory networks that underlie the development of lineage-specific organs such as the derived set of eyes in spiders. Overall, we gained deeper insight into spider eye development, as well as the evolution of arthropod visual system formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda I Medina-Jiménez
- Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Graham E Budd
- Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matthias Pechmann
- Institute for Zoology, Department of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Biocenter, Zuelpicher Str. 47B, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nico Posnien
- Department of Developmental Biology, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Justus-Von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Janssen
- Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Qu B, Zhang S, Ma Z, Gao Z. Hepatic cecum: a key integrator of immunity in amphioxus. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:279-292. [PMID: 37073295 PMCID: PMC10077268 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-020-00080-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate liver is regarded as an organ essential to the regulation of immunity and inflammation as well as being central to the metabolism of nutrients. Here, we discuss the functions that the hepatic cecum of amphioxus plays in the regulation of immunity and inflammation, and the molecular basis of this. It is apparent that the hepatic cecum performs important roles in the immunity of amphioxus including immune surveillance, clearance of pathogens and acute phase response. Therefore, the hepatic cecum, like the vertebrate liver, is an organ functioning as a key integrator of immunity in amphioxus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Qu
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Zengyu Ma
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
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3
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Che Z, Shao Y, Zhang W, Zhao X, Guo M, Li C. Cloning and functional analysis of scavenger receptor B gene from the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 99:103404. [PMID: 31152761 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor (SR) class B (SR-B) is a transmembrane protein that belongs to the SR family with a wide range of functions in innate immunity. Here, an SR-B homologue, designated as AjSR-B, was cloned from the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. AjSR-B comprised 2519 nucleotides with a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 153 bp, an open reading frame of 1581 bp encoding a 526 amino acid protein, and a 3'-UTR of 785 bp. SMART analysis indicated that AjSR-B has two transmembrane regions and a cluster determinant 36 domain. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis supported that AjSR-B is a novel member of the SR-B protein family. Moreover, AjSR-B was constitutively expressed in all detected tissues, with the highest levels recorded in the intestine. Both were significantly induced in coelomocytes and the intestine after Vibrio splendidus challenge. Functionally, the recombinant rAjSR-B that corresponds to a large extracellular loop can bind pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan, and mannan, with a high binding affinity to LPS. Bacterial agglutination assay showed that rAjSR-B can agglutinate the four tested bacteria (Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria) with calcium dependence. However, the agglutination ability for Gram-negative bacteria completely disappeared in the presence of PAMPs but a weak ability to bind Gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus) was still exhibited, suggesting there might exist a competition between Gram-positive bacteria and PAMPs under same condition. Our current study indicated that AjSR-B is a PAMP that plays important roles in the innate immune process of sea cucumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Che
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Yina Shao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Xuelin Zhao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Ming Guo
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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4
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Li C, Tian M, Zhang L, Fu Q, Song L, Yang N. Expression profiling and functional characterization of CD36 in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 81:485-492. [PMID: 30064021 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CD36 is a scavenger receptor, a type of membrane-bound receptors that characterized by recognizing a variety of ligands including endogenous proteins and pathogens. Here, we characterized CD36 gene in turbot, and its expression patterns in mucosal barriers following different bacterial infection, as well as microbial ligand binding ability and bacteriostatic activities. In current study, one SmCD36 gene was captured with a 1407 bp open reading frame (ORF). In multiple species comparison, SmCD36 showed the highest similarity and identity to Cynoglossus semilaevis. In the phylogenetic analysis, SmCD36 showed the closest relationship to C. semilaevis, followed by Takifugu rubripes. The genomic structure analysis showed that CD36 had 12 exons with almost the same length in vertebrate species, indicating the conservation of CD36 during evolution. The syntenic analysis revealed that CD36 located between GNAI1 and SEMA3C genes across all the selected species, which suggested the synteny encompassing CD36 region during vertebrate evolution. Subsequently, SmCD36 was expressed in all the examined turbot tissues, with the highest expression level in intestine. In addition, SmCD36 was significantly up-regulated in intestine following both Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio anguillarum, and Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus iniae immersion challenge. Finally, the rSmCD36 showed strong binding ability to all the examined microbial ligands and significant inhibition effect on Staphylococcus aureusrequires. Taken together, our results suggested SmCD36 involved in fish innate immune responses to bacterial infection. However, the knowledge of CD36 are still limited in teleost species, further studies should be carried out to better characterize its detailed roles in teleost mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Tian
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Song
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Yang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China.
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Wei X, Zhao T, Ai K, Li H, Jiang X, Li C, Wang Q, Yang J, Zhang R, Yang J. Role of scavenger receptor from Octopus ocellatus as a co-receptor of Toll-like receptor in initiation of TLR-NF-κB signaling during anti-bacterial response. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 84:14-27. [PMID: 29409792 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Scavenger receptors are crucial for innate immunity owing to their prominent role in clearance of harmful endogenous factors, immune recognition, and more importantly, as co-receptors of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to initiate downstream responses. At present, invertebrate scavenger receptors, especially their role in immune mechanisms, are largely unknown. We report here that scavenger receptors form a diverse superfamily in Octopus ocellatus, including at least five different members with distinct tissue expression patterns. Two members, OoSR-B and OoSR-I, are grouped into class B and I scavenger receptors, respectively. OoSR-B and OoSR-I are located on the hemocyte membrane, and both recombinant scavenger receptors could serve as pattern recognition receptors to bind a broad range of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Although OoSR-B and OoSR-I expression was induced by bacterial stimulation, only OoSR-B promoted hemocyte phagocytosis. Moreover, OoSR-B, but not OoSR-I, could act as a co-receptor of TLR to activate TLR-NF-κB signaling and initiate TNF-α production during anti-bacterial response. As the first report on an invertebrate scavenger receptor acting as a co-receptor of TLR, our study reveals the immune mechanism mediated by scavenger receptors in O. ocellatus, and provides new insight into the evolution of this important receptor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Wei
- Laboratory of Aquatic Comparative Immunology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Laboratory of Aquatic Comparative Immunology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kete Ai
- Laboratory of Aquatic Comparative Immunology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Comparative Immunology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Comparative Immunology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Jialong Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Comparative Immunology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Liu H, Xu Y, Wang Y, Zhong S, Wang M, Lin P, Li H, Liu Z. Cd36 is a candidate lipid sensor involved in the sensory detection of fatty acid in zebrafish. Physiol Behav 2017; 182:34-39. [PMID: 28939428 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently more and more evidences raise the possibility for the taste system in the role of the perception of lipids in mammals, and the fatty acid receptor CD36 has been proved to be as an important candidate receptor of fat taste. Fish has different taste modality with mammals. No information was known about the function of cd36 in fish taste till now. Here, using in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence technologies, we showed that fish cd36/Cd36 localized in taste buds. Real-time PCR technology demonstrated that, in zebrafish cd36 (zcd36)-transfected cells, linoleic acid (LA) increased the expression level of tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH-1), which encodes the enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of monoamine neurotransmitter of 5-HT. Moreover, the LA-induced up-regulation expression of TPH-1 was significantly curtailed by SSO, a specific inhibitor of LCFA binding to CD36, suggesting zCd36 is implicated in the LA-induced release of neurotransmitter. Importantly, we observed that zcd36 gene knockout zebrafish reduced the preference for LA contrast to wild-type zebrafish. Together, our findings indicate that Cd36 is a candidate lipid sensor involved in the sensory detection of fatty acid in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- College of Marine Life Science, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Shenjie Zhong
- College of Marine Life Science, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Pengyan Lin
- College of Marine Life Science, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- College of Marine Life Science, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Zhenhui Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, China.
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7
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Liu K, Xu Y, Wang Y, Wei S, Feng D, Huang Q, Zhang S, Liu Z. Developmental expression and immune role of the class B scavenger receptor cd36 in zebrafish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 60:91-95. [PMID: 26915754 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CD36 is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the scavenger receptor class B family which plays crucial roles in innate immunity. Although CD36 is widely documented in mammals, the study of its functions in fish is still limited. Here we report the identification of a zebrafish cd36 homologue. Zebrafish cd36 has a higher gene expression in the tissues of intestine and liver but very low in kidney and swim bladder. We find cd36 mRNA is maternally expressed and is mainly restricted to the intestine, branchial arches and regions around the lips after the segmentation stage during embryogenesis. Functionally, the recombinant Cd36 corresponding to the large extracellular loop is capable of binding both the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. These results indicate that zebrafish Cd36 is a microbial-binding molecule. The study expands our knowledge of the function of scavenger receptor molecules in fish innate immune process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Shulei Wei
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Dong Feng
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Qiaoyan Huang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Zhenhui Liu
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, China.
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8
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Liu H, Lei M, Du X, Cui P, Zhang S. Identification of a novel antimicrobial peptide from amphioxus Branchiostoma japonicum by in silico and functional analyses. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18355. [PMID: 26680226 PMCID: PMC4683396 DOI: 10.1038/srep18355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) microbes leads to urgent demands for novel antibiotics exploration. We demonstrated a cDNA from amphioxus Branchiostoma japonicum, designated Bjamp1, encoded a protein with features typical of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which is not homologous to any AMPs currently discovered. It was found that Bjamp1 was expressed in distinct tissues, and its expression was remarkably up-regulated following challenge with LPS and LTA. Moreover, the synthesized putative mature AMP, mBjAMP1, underwent a coil-to-helix transition in the presence of TFE or SDS, agreeing well with the expectation that BjAMP1 was a potential AMP. Functional assays showed that mBjAMP1 inhibited the growth of all the bacteria tested, and induced membrane/cytoplasmic damage. ELISA indicated that mBjAMP1 was a pattern recognition molecule capable of identifying LPS and LTA. Importantly, mBjAMP1 disrupted the bacterial membranes by a membranolytic mechanism. Additionally, mBjAMP1 was non-cytotoxic to mammalian cells. Collectively, these data indicate that mBjAMP1 is a new AMP with a high bacterial membrane selectivity, rendering it a promising template for the design of novel peptide antibiotics against MDR microbes. It also shows for the first time that use of signal conserved sequence of AMPs is effective identifying potential AMPs across different animal classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohan Liu
- Laboratory for Evolution &Development, Institute of Evolution &Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Miaomiao Lei
- Laboratory for Evolution &Development, Institute of Evolution &Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Du
- Laboratory for Evolution &Development, Institute of Evolution &Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Laboratory for Evolution &Development, Institute of Evolution &Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Laboratory for Evolution &Development, Institute of Evolution &Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Fink IR, Benard EL, Hermsen T, Meijer AH, Forlenza M, Wiegertjes GF. Molecular and functional characterization of the scavenger receptor CD36 in zebrafish and common carp. Mol Immunol 2015; 63:381-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Dong Y, Sun H, Zhou Z, Yang A, Chen Z, Guan X, Gao S, Wang B, Jiang B, Jiang J. Expression analysis of immune related genes identified from the coelomocytes of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) in response to LPS challenge. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:19472-86. [PMID: 25421239 PMCID: PMC4264123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151119472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) occupies a basal position during the evolution of deuterostomes and is also an important aquaculture species. In order to identify more immune effectors, transcriptome sequencing of A. japonicus coelomocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was performed using the Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 platform. One hundred and seven differentially expressed genes were selected and divided into four functional categories including pathogen recognition (25 genes), reorganization of cytoskeleton (27 genes), inflammation (41 genes) and apoptosis (14 genes). They were analyzed to elucidate the mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions and downstream signaling transduction. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCRs) of 10 representative genes validated the accuracy and reliability of RNA sequencing results with the correlation coefficients from 0.88 to 0.98 and p-value <0.05. Expression analysis of immune-related genes after LPS challenge will be useful in understanding the immune response mechanisms of A. japonicus against pathogen invasion and developing strategies for resistant markers selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dong
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Hongjuan Sun
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Zunchun Zhou
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Aifu Yang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Zhong Chen
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Shan Gao
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Bai Wang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Bei Jiang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China.
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Wang S, Li F, Hu L, Liu S, Li H, Zhang S. Structural and functional characterization of a TGFβ molecule from amphioxus reveals an ancient origin of both immune-enhancing and -inhibitory functions. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 45:219-226. [PMID: 24657208 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is a pleiotropic cytokine with important roles in mediating inflammatory response. TGFβ has been shown to be widely present in invertebrates, but little is known about its functions in immune and inflammatory responses. Moreover, structural and functional insights into TGFβ molecules in invertebrates remain completely lacking. Here we demonstrate the presence of a single TGFβ-like gene in the amphioxus Branchiostoma japonicum, Bjtgfβ, which represents the archetype of vertebrate TGFβ proteins, and displays a higher expression in the hind-gut, hepatic caecum, ovary, and gill. We also show that amphioxus TGFβ exerts both enhancing and suppressing effects on the migration of macrophages like RAW264.7, and the motif WSTD is important for TGFβ in inducing or inhibiting the migration of macrophages. Altogether, these data suggest that amphioxus TGFβ is phylogenetically and functionally similar to vertebrate TGFβ, suggesting an ancient origin of bipolar function of TGFβ proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Fengzhen Li
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lili Hu
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shousheng Liu
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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