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Chen Y, Yu C, Jiang S, Sun L. Japanese Flounder HMGB1: A DAMP Molecule That Promotes Antimicrobial Immunity by Interacting with Immune Cells and Bacterial Pathogen. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091509. [PMID: 36140677 PMCID: PMC9498587 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box (HMGB) proteins are DNA-associated proteins that bind and modulate chromosome structures. In mammals, HMGB proteins can be released from the cell nucleus and serve as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) under stress conditions. In fish, the DAMP function of HMGB proteins in association with bacterial infection remains to be investigated. In this study, we examined the immunological functions of two HMGB members, HMGB1 and HMG20A, of Japanese flounder. HMGB1 and HMG20A were expressed in multiple tissues of the flounder. HMGB1 was released from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) upon bacterial challenge in a temporal manner similar to that of lactate dehydrogenase release. Recombinant HMGB1 bound to PBLs and induced ROS production and the expression of inflammatory genes. HMGB1 as well as HMG20A also bound to various bacterial pathogens and caused bacterial agglutination. The bacteria-binding patterns of HMGB1 and HMG20A were similar, and the binding of HMGB1 competed with the binding of HMG20A but not vice versa. During bacterial infection, HMGB1 enhanced the immune response of PBLs and repressed bacterial invasion. Collectively, our results indicate that flounder HMGB1 plays an important role in antimicrobial immunity by acting both as a modulator of immune cells and as a pathogen-interacting DAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Yu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Sun
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence:
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CgHMGB1 functions as a broad-spectrum recognition molecule to induce the expressions of CgIL17-5 and Cgdefh2 via MAPK or NF-κB signaling pathway in Crassostrea gigas. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 211:289-300. [PMID: 35525493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a highly conserved nucleoprotein, functions in immune recognition, inflammation and antibacterial immunization in vertebrates. In the present study, the mediation mechanism of CgHMGB1 in activating MAPK and NF-κB/Rel signaling pathways to induce the expressions of immune effectors was investigated. CgHMGB1 mRNA was detected in all tested developmental stages from fertilized egg to D-larvae, with the higher expressions in 4-cell and 8-cell stages. CgHMGB1 proteins were mainly distributed in haemocyte granulocytes. The expressions of CgHMGB1 mRNA in haemocytes increased significantly after Vibrio splendidus stimulation, and CgHMGB1 protein translocated into the haemocyte cytoplasm and release into cell-free haemolymph. The phosphorylation of CgERK and CgP38 were induced, the nuclear translocation of CgRel were promoted, and the mRNA expressions of CgIL17-5 and Cgdefh2 increased significantly after rCgHMGB1 treatment. Obvious branchial swelling and cilium shedding were observed after rCgHMGB1 treatment. rCgHMGB1 exhibited binding activity to different polysaccharides, bacteria, and fungi. rCgHMGB1 also displayed obvious antibacterial activity to V. splendidus and E. coli. These results indicated that CgHMGB1 functioned as an immune recognition molecule to recognize various PAMPs and bacteria to induce the mRNA expressions of CgIL17-5 and Cgdefh2 via the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in oysters.
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Venturini M, Mezzapelle R, La Marca S, Perani L, Spinelli A, Crippa L, Colarieti A, Palmisano A, Marra P, Coppola A, Fontana F, Carcano G, Tacchetti C, Bianchi M, Esposito A, Crippa MP. Use of an antagonist of HMGB1 in mice affected by malignant mesothelioma: a preliminary ultrasound and optical imaging study. Eur Radiol Exp 2022; 6:7. [PMID: 35132475 PMCID: PMC8821768 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-021-00260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive tumor, with a poor prognosis, usually unresectable due to late diagnosis, mainly treated with chemotherapy. BoxA, a truncated form of “high mobility group box 1” (HMGB1), acting as an HMGB1 antagonist, might exert a defensive action against MM. We investigated the potential of BoxA for MM treatment using experimental 40-MHz ultrasound and optical imaging (OI) in a murine model. Methods Murine MM cells infected with a lentiviral vector expressing the luciferase gene were injected into the peritoneum of 14 BALB/c mice (7 × 104 AB1-B/c-LUC cells). These mice were randomized to treatment with BoxA (n = 7) or phosphate-buffered saline (controls, n = 7). The experiment was repeated with 40 mice divided into two groups (n = 20 + 20) and treated as above to confirm the result and achieve greater statistical power. Tumor presence was investigated by experimental ultrasound and OI; suspected peritoneal masses underwent histopathology and immunohistochemistry examination. Results In the first experiment, none of the 7 controls survived beyond day 27, whereas 4/7 BoxA-treated mice (57.1%) survived up to day 70. In the second experiment, 6/20 controls (30.0%) and 16/20 BoxA-treated mice (80.0%) were still alive at day 34 (p = 0.004). In both experiments, histology confirmed the malignant nature of masses detected using experimental ultrasound and OI. Conclusion In our preclinical experience on a murine model, BoxA seems to exert a protective role toward MM. Both experimental ultrasound and OI proved to be reliable techniques for detecting MM peritoneal masses.
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Bianchi ME, Crippa MP, Manfredi AA, Mezzapelle R, Rovere Querini P, Venereau E. High-mobility group box 1 protein orchestrates responses to tissue damage via inflammation, innate and adaptive immunity, and tissue repair. Immunol Rev 2018; 280:74-82. [PMID: 29027228 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A single protein, HMGB1, directs the triggering of inflammation, innate and adaptive immune responses, and tissue healing after damage. HMGB1 is the best characterized damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), proteins that are normally inside the cell but are released after cell death, and allow the immune system to distinguish between antigens that are dangerous or not. Notably, cells undergoing severe stress actively secrete HMGB1 via a dedicated secretion pathway: HMGB1 is relocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and then to secretory lysosomes or directly to the extracellular space. Extracellular HMGB1 (either released or secreted) triggers inflammation and adaptive immunological responses by switching among multiple oxidation states, which direct the mutually exclusive choices of different binding partners and receptors. Immune cells are first recruited to the damaged tissue and then activated; thereafter, HMGB1 supports tissue repair and healing, by coordinating the switch of macrophages to a tissue-healing phenotype, activation and proliferation of stem cells, and neoangiogenesis. Inevitably, HMGB1 also orchestrates the support of stressed but illegitimate tissues: tumors. Concomitantly, HMGB1 enhances the immunogenicity of mutated proteins in the tumor (neoantigens), promoting anti-tumor responses and immunological memory. Tweaking the activities of HMGB1 in inflammation, immune responses and tissue repair could bring large rewards in the therapy of multiple medical conditions, including cancer.
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Wang M, Liu M, Wang B, Jiang K, Jia Z, Wang L, Wang L. Transcriptomic analysis of exosomal shuttle mRNA in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas during bacterial stimulation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:540-550. [PMID: 29355763 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As marine invertebrates, oysters lack adaptive immunity and employ innate immunity as the front line and almost the solo defense mechanism to protect them against invaders. Accumulating research achievements demonstrated that exosomes could act as innate immune effectors that contribute to host defense mechanism. To better understand the immune functions of exosomes in Crassostrea gigas against bacterial stimulation, RNA-Seq was applied to explore the global expression changes of exosomes in oyster after Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio splendidus stimulation. Totally 171573691 single end raw reads were yielded via Ion Torrent Proton sequencing, which were trimmed into 121988325 clean reads, and then 1505 abundant exosomal shuttle mRNAs (esmRNAs) were identified. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that these abundant esmRNAs could be categorized into 15 cellular components, 12 molecular functions and 21 biological processes, and these abundant esmRNAs were mapped onto 62 biological signaling pathways by KEGG. In total, 68 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs, Fold change ≥ 2, Q-value < 0.05) were identified between S. aureus stimulated group and control group, including 21 up-regulated and 47 down-regulated ones. While 99 significant DEGs between V. splendidus challenged group and control group were identified, including 42 up-regulated and 57 down-regulated ones. To validate the transcriptomic data, 24 DEGs were randomly selected and confirmed via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and the results showed that their expression patterns agreed well with the RNA-Seq analysis. This study would enrich the C. gigas transcriptome database and provide insight into the immune functions of oyster exosomes against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Research Platform for Marine Molecular Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Baojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Keyong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Functional Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Noventa S, Hacker C, Rowe D, Elgy C, Galloway T. Dissolution and bandgap paradigms for predicting the toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles in the marine environment: an in vivo study with oyster embryos. Nanotoxicology 2017; 12:63-78. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1418920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seta Noventa
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Christian Hacker
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bioimaging Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Darren Rowe
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Christine Elgy
- Department of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Facility for Environmental Nanoscience Analysis and Characterization, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tamara Galloway
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Venereau E, De Leo F, Mezzapelle R, Careccia G, Musco G, Bianchi ME. HMGB1 as biomarker and drug target. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:534-544. [PMID: 27378565 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
High Mobility Group Box 1 protein was discovered as a nuclear protein, but it has a "second life" outside the cell where it acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern. HMGB1 is passively released or actively secreted in a number of diseases, including trauma, chronic inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Extracellular HMGB1 triggers and sustains the inflammatory response by inducing cytokine release and by recruiting leucocytes. These characteristics make extracellular HMGB1 a key molecular target in multiple diseases. A number of strategies have been used to prevent HMGB1 release or to inhibit its activities. Current pharmacological strategies include antibodies, peptides, decoy receptors and small molecules. Noteworthy, salicylic acid, a metabolite of aspirin, has been recently found to inhibit HMGB1. HMGB1 undergoes extensive post-translational modifications, in particular acetylation and oxidation, which modulate its functions. Notably, high levels of serum HMGB1, in particular of the hyper-acetylated and disulfide isoforms, are sensitive disease biomarkers and are associated with different disease stages. In the future, the development of isoform-specific HMGB1 inhibitors may potentiate and fine-tune the pharmacological control of inflammation. We review here the current therapeutic strategies targeting HMGB1, in particular the emerging and relatively unexplored small molecules-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Venereau
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; HMGBiotech s.r.l., Milan, Italy
| | - Federica De Leo
- Biomolecular NMR Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mezzapelle
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Careccia
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Musco
- Biomolecular NMR Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Li J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Xiang Z, Qu F, Yu Z. A thymosin beta-4 is involved in production of hemocytes and immune defense of Hong Kong oyster, Crassostrea hongkongensis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:1-9. [PMID: 26695126 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) is a ubiquitous protein with multiple and diverse intracellular and extracellular functions in vertebrates. In this study, the full-length cDNA of Tβ4 was cloned and identified in Crassostrea hongkongensis, designated as ChTβ4. The full-length cDNA of ChTβ4 consists of 530 bp with an open reading frame of 126 bp encoding a 41 amino acid polypeptide. SMART analysis indicated that there is one thymosin domain and a highly conserved actin-binding motif (18LKKTET23) in ChTβ4. In vivo injection of recombinant ChTβ4 protein could significantly increase total hemocytes count in oysters, and knockdown of the expression of ChTβ4 resulted in a significant decrease in the circulating hemocytes. Tissue distribution analysis revealed a ubiquitous presence of ChTβ4, with the highest expression in hemocytes. The upregulated transcripts of ChTβ4 in response to bacterial challenge and tissue injury suggest that ChTβ4 is involved in both innate immunity against pathogen infection and wound healing. Moreover, bacteria-clearance experiment showed ChTβ4 could facilitate the clearance of injected bacteria in oysters. In vivo injection with ChTβ4 resulted in reduction of the intracellular ROS in hemocytes, which was associated with increased expression of antioxidant enzymes Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase, and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) by pre-treatment with ChTβ4. These results suggest that ChTβ4 is a thymosin beta-4 homolog and plays a vital role in the immune defense of C. hongkongensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, China
| | - Yuehuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, China.
| | - Zhiming Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, China
| | - Fufa Qu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, China.
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Huang B, Zhang L, Li L, Tang X, Zhang G. Highly diverse fibrinogen-related proteins in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 43:485-490. [PMID: 25655328 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) are a family of proteins with high sequence diversity, and they play crucial roles in invertebrate immune response. However, few studies have characterized this diversity at the whole-genome level. In the present study, approximately 190 predicted FREPs with more than 200 fibrinogen-like (FBG) domains were identified in the genome of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), suggesting a historical expansion of this protein family. A sequence analysis showed high numbers of polymorphisms in C. gigas FREP (CgFREP) genes, which may contribute to the versatile immune function of FREPs. A phylogenetic analysis of molluscan FREP sequences indicated lineage-specific duplication of these genes in C. gigas. Additionally, several CgFREP mRNAs were highly expressed in the gills, digestive glands, and hemocytes. Taken together, these findings will help elucidate FREP immune function and facilitate studies of the functional validation of this gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Huang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xueying Tang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guofan Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Insights into the antiviral immunity against grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) reovirus (GCRV) in grass carp. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:670437. [PMID: 25759845 PMCID: PMC4337036 DOI: 10.1155/2015/670437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Global fish production from aquaculture has rapidly grown over the past decades, and grass carp shares the largest portion. However, hemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) results in tremendous loss of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) industry. During the past years, development of molecular biology and cellular biology technologies has promoted significant advances in the understanding of the pathogen and the immune system. Immunoprophylaxis based on stimulation of the immune system of fish has also got some achievements. In this review, authors summarize the recent progresses in basic researches on GCRV; viral nucleic acid sensors, high-mobility group box proteins (HMGBs); pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and retinoic acid inducible gene I- (RIG-I-) like receptors (RLRs); antiviral immune responses induced by PRRs-mediated signaling cascades of type I interferon (IFN-I) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) activation. The present review also notices the potential applications of molecule genetic markers. Additionally, authors discuss the current preventive and therapeutic strategies (vaccines, RNAi, and prevention medicine) and highlight the importance of innate immunity in long term control for grass carp hemorrhagic disease.
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Kang R, Chen R, Zhang Q, Hou W, Wu S, Cao L, Huang J, Yu Y, Fan XG, Yan Z, Sun X, Wang H, Wang Q, Tsung A, Billiar TR, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT, Tang D. HMGB1 in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 40:1-116. [PMID: 25010388 PMCID: PMC4254084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 683] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG protein, senses and coordinates the cellular stress response and plays a critical role not only inside of the cell as a DNA chaperone, chromosome guardian, autophagy sustainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death, but also outside the cell as the prototypic damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). This DAMP, in conjunction with other factors, thus has cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activity, orchestrating the inflammatory and immune response. All of these characteristics make HMGB1 a critical molecular target in multiple human diseases including infectious diseases, ischemia, immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Indeed, a number of emergent strategies have been used to inhibit HMGB1 expression, release, and activity in vitro and in vivo. These include antibodies, peptide inhibitors, RNAi, anti-coagulants, endogenous hormones, various chemical compounds, HMGB1-receptor and signaling pathway inhibition, artificial DNAs, physical strategies including vagus nerve stimulation and other surgical approaches. Future work further investigating the details of HMGB1 localization, structure, post-translational modification, and identification of additional partners will undoubtedly uncover additional secrets regarding HMGB1's multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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Poirier AC, Schmitt P, Rosa RD, Vanhove AS, Kieffer-Jaquinod S, Rubio TP, Charrière GM, Destoumieux-Garzón D. Antimicrobial histones and DNA traps in invertebrate immunity: evidences in Crassostrea gigas. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24821-31. [PMID: 25037219 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.576546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although antimicrobial histones have been isolated from multiple metazoan species, their role in host defense has long remained unanswered. We found here that the hemocytes of the oyster Crassostrea gigas release antimicrobial H1-like and H5-like histones in response to tissue damage and infection. These antimicrobial histones were shown to be associated with extracellular DNA networks released by hemocytes, the circulating immune cells of invertebrates, in response to immune challenge. The hemocyte-released DNA was found to surround and entangle vibrios. This defense mechanism is reminiscent of the neutrophil extracellular traps (ETs) recently described in vertebrates. Importantly, oyster ETs were evidenced in vivo in hemocyte-infiltrated interstitial tissues surrounding wounds, whereas they were absent from tissues of unchallenged oysters. Consistently, antimicrobial histones were found to accumulate in oyster tissues following injury or infection with vibrios. Finally, oyster ET formation was highly dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species by hemocytes. This shows that ET formation relies on common cellular and molecular mechanisms from vertebrates to invertebrates. Altogether, our data reveal that ET formation is a defense mechanism triggered by infection and tissue damage, which is shared by relatively distant species suggesting either evolutionary conservation or convergent evolution within Bilateria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore C Poirier
- From Laboratory of Ecology of Coastal Marine Systems, CNRS UMR 5119, University of Montpellier 2, Ifremer, University of Montpellier 1, and IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Paulina Schmitt
- From Laboratory of Ecology of Coastal Marine Systems, CNRS UMR 5119, University of Montpellier 2, Ifremer, University of Montpellier 1, and IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France, the Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, 2373223 Valparaíso, Chile, and
| | - Rafael D Rosa
- From Laboratory of Ecology of Coastal Marine Systems, CNRS UMR 5119, University of Montpellier 2, Ifremer, University of Montpellier 1, and IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey S Vanhove
- From Laboratory of Ecology of Coastal Marine Systems, CNRS UMR 5119, University of Montpellier 2, Ifremer, University of Montpellier 1, and IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Kieffer-Jaquinod
- INSERM, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Université Joseph Fourier, U1038, Etude de la Dynamique des Protéomes, Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Tristan P Rubio
- From Laboratory of Ecology of Coastal Marine Systems, CNRS UMR 5119, University of Montpellier 2, Ifremer, University of Montpellier 1, and IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume M Charrière
- From Laboratory of Ecology of Coastal Marine Systems, CNRS UMR 5119, University of Montpellier 2, Ifremer, University of Montpellier 1, and IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France,
| | - Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón
- From Laboratory of Ecology of Coastal Marine Systems, CNRS UMR 5119, University of Montpellier 2, Ifremer, University of Montpellier 1, and IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France
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Wang M, Wang L, Guo Y, Zhou Z, Yi Q, Zhang D, Zhang H, Liu R, Song L. A high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) gene from Chlamys farreri and the DNA-binding ability and pro-inflammatory activity of its recombinant protein. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 36:393-400. [PMID: 24378681 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, a highly conserved DNA binding protein, plays an important role in maintaining nucleosome structures, transcription, and inflammation. In the present research, a cDNA of 1268 bp for the Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri HMGB1 (designed as CfHMGB1) was cloned via rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique and expression sequence tag (EST) analysis. The complete cDNA sequence of CfHMGB1 contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 648 bp, which encoded a protein of 215 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of CfHMGB1 shared 53-57% similarity with other identified HMGB1s. There were two HMG domains, two low complexity regions and a conserved acidic tail in the amino acid sequence of CfHMGB1. The mRNA transcripts of CfHMGB1 were constitutively expressed in all the tested tissues, including haemocytes, muscle, mantle, gill, hepatopancreas, kidney and gonad, with the highest expression level in hepatopancreas. The mRNA expression profiles of CfHMGB1 in haemocytes after the stimulation with different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN) and glucan (Glu), were similar with an up-regulation in the early stage and then recovered to the original level. The recombinant CfHMGB1 protein could bind double-stranded DNA and induce the release of TNF-α activity in mixed primary culture of scallop haemocytes. These results collectively indicated that CfHMGB1, with DNA-binding ability and pro-inflammatory activity, could play an important role in the immune response of scallops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qilin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daoxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China.
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