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Zhong S, Ye X, Liu H, Ma X, Chen X, Zhao L, Huang G, Huang L, Zhao Y, Qiao Y. MicroRNA sequencing analysis reveals immune responses in hepatopancreas of Fenneropenaeus penicillatus under white spot syndrome virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109432. [PMID: 38331056 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
White Spot Disease is one of the most harmful diseases of the red tail shrimp, which can cause devastating economic losses due to the highest mortality up to 100% within a few days. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are large class of small noncoding RNAs with the ability to post-transcriptionally repress the translation of target mRNAs. MiRNAs are considered to have a significant role in the innate immune response of crustaceans, particularly in relation to antiviral defense mechanisms. Numerous crustacean miRNAs have been verified to be required in host immune defense against viral infection, however, till present, the miRNAs functions of F. penicillatus defense WSSV infection have not been studied yet. Here in this study, for the first time, miRNAs involved in the F. penicillatus immune defense against WSSV infection were identified using high-throughput sequencing platform. A total of 432 miRNAs were obtained including 402 conserved miRNAs and 30 novel predicted miRNAs. Comparative analysis between the WSSV-challenged group and the control group revealed differential expression of 159 microRNAs in response to WSSV infection. Among these, 48 were up-regulated and 111 were down-regulated. Ten candidate MicroRNAs associated with immune activities were randomly selected for qRT-PCR analysis, which confirming the expression profiling observed in the MicroRNA sequencing data. As a result, most differentially expressed miRNAs were down-regulated lead to increase the expression of various target genes that mediated immune reaction defense WSSV infection, including genes related to signal transduction, Complement and coagulation cascade, Phagocytosis, and Apoptosis. Furthermore, the genes expression of the key members in Toll and Imd signaling pathways and apoptotic signaling were mediated by microRNAs to activate host immune responses including apoptosis against WSSV infection. These results will help to understand molecular defense mechanism against WSSV infection in F. penicillatus and to develop an effective WSSV defensive strategy in shrimp farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengping Zhong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of marine drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Maricultural Technologies, Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, 570100, China.
| | - Xiaowu Ye
- Beihai People's Hospital, Beihai, 536000, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Maricultural Technologies, Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Xiaowan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, 536000, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Longyan Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of marine drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Guoqiang Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of marine drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Lianghua Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of marine drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Ying Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, 536000, China.
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2
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Taxifolin Inhibits WSSV Infection and Transmission by Increasing the Innate Immune Response in Litopenaeus vannamei. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122731. [PMID: 36560735 PMCID: PMC9787842 DOI: 10.3390/v14122731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) can hit shrimp culture with a devastating blow, and there are no suitable measures to prevent infection with the virus. In this study, the activity of active molecules from Chinese herbs against WSSV was evaluated and screened. Taxifolin had the highest rate (84%) of inhibition of the WSSV infection. The viral infectivity and genome copy number were reduced by 41% when WSSV virion was pretreated with taxifolin prior to shrimp infection. A continuous exchange of taxifolin significantly reduced the mortality of shrimp infected with WSSV. Due to the WSSV virion infectivity being affected by taxifolin, the horizontal transmission of the virus was blocked with an inhibition rate of up to 30%, which would further reduce the cost of a viral outbreak. Additionally, the viral genome copy number was also reduced by up to 63% in shrimp preincubated in taxifolin for 8 h. There may be a connection to the enhancement of innate immunity in shrimp that resulted in a 15% reduction in mortality for taxifolin-fed shrimp after the WSSV challenge. After dietary supplementation with taxifolin, the resistance of larvae to WSSV was improved, indicating that taxifolin may be a potential immunostimulant for shrimp to prevent WSD. Therefore, the results indicate that taxifolin has application potential for blocking a WSSV outbreak and reducing the loss of shrimp culture.
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Li BB, Fan JQ, Hong QM, Yan ZY, Yang XJ, Lu KC, Chen GL, Li M, Huang W, Chen YH. Transcriptome analysis endoplasmic reticulum-stress response in Litopenaeus vannamei hemocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 124:421-429. [PMID: 35429624 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have proved that endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress is an important cause of aquatic animal diseases. Therefore, for effectively preventing and controlling aquatic animal diseases, a systematic and in-depth understanding of the environmental stress response in aquatic animals is necessary. In present study, the influence of ER-stress in Litopenaeus vannamei was investigated using Illumina HiSeq based RNA-Seq. Comparing to the cDNA library of hemocytes treated with DMSO in L. vannamei, 286 unigenes were significantly upregulated and 473 unigenes were significantly down-regulated in the Thapsigargin treated group. KEGG analysis indicated that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are mainly related to ER-stress, immune as well as metabolism. Besides the classical ER-stress response pathways, the regulation of cell cycle and DNA replication are also important measures of ER-stress response. It has been suggested that the influence of ER-stress on immune genes might be an important factor in environmental stress inducing shrimp disease. Our investigation exhibited that immune-related DEG Prophenoloxidase activating enzyme 2 (LvPPAE2) roled in anti-pathogen immunity of shrimp. This study provides a solid foundation for uncovering the environmental adaptation response and especially its relationship with L. vannamei immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Li
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE), College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Jin-Quan Fan
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE), College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Qian-Ming Hong
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE), College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Ze-Yu Yan
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE), College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Xin-Jun Yang
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE), College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Ke-Cheng Lu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE), College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Guo-Liang Chen
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE), College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, PR China
| | - Wen Huang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Yi-Hong Chen
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE), College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, PR China.
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Cui C, Liang Q, Tang X, Xing J, Sheng X, Zhan W. Differential Apoptotic Responses of Hemocyte Subpopulations to White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection in Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:594390. [PMID: 33365030 PMCID: PMC7750459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The apoptosis of hemocytes plays an essential function in shrimp immune defense against pathogen invasions. In order to further elucidate the differential apoptotic responses of the granulocytes and the hyalinocytes in Fenneropenaeus chinensis post WSSV infection, the characteristics of apoptotic dynamics and viral proliferation in total hemocytes and hemocyte subpopulations were respectively investigated in the present work. The results showed that the apoptotic rate of hemocytes changed significantly, and the apoptosis-related genes also showed significantly differential expression responses during WSSV infection. Interestingly, we found that the apoptotic rate of virus-negative hemocytes was significantly higher than that of virus-positive hemocytes in the early stage of WSSV infection, while it was significantly lower than that of virus-positive cells in the middle and late infection stages. The difference of apoptosis between virus-positive and virus-negative hemocytes seems to be an important way for the WSSV to destroy the host’s immune system and facilitate the virus spread at different infection stages. It was further found that the apoptosis rate of granulocytes was always significantly higher than that of hyalinocytes during WSSV infection, indicating that granulocytes have a stronger apoptotic response to WSSV infection. Moreover, a higher viral load was detected in granulocytes, and the density of granulocytes decreased more rapidly post WSSV infection, indicating that the granulocytes are more susceptible and vulnerable to WSSV infection compared with the hyalinocytes. These results collectively demonstrated that the apoptotic response in shrimp hemocytes was significantly influenced by the WSSV infection, and the differential apoptotic response of granulocytes and hyalinocytes to WSSV indicated the differences of antiviral mechanisms between the two hemocyte subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Cui
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qianrong Liang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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5
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Gong Y, Kong T, Ren X, Lin S, Li S. miR-9875 functions in antiviral immunity by targeting PDCD6 in mud crab ( Scylla paramamosain). Virulence 2020; 11:849-862. [PMID: 32597292 PMCID: PMC7549984 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1787078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death 6 (PDCD6) is a well-known apoptosis regulator that is involved in the immunity of mammals. However, the effects of miRNA-mediated regulation of PDCD6 expression on apoptosis and virus infection in organisms, especially in marine invertebrates, have not been extensively explored. In this study, PDCD6 of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) (Sp-PDCD6) was characterized. The results showed that Sp-PDCD6 contains five EF-hands domains and could suppress virus infection via apoptosis promotion. It also presented that Sp-PDCD6 was directly targeted by miR-9875 in vitro and in vivo, miR-9875 served as a positive regulator during the virus invasion. The findings indicated that the miR-9875-PDCD6 pathway possessed fundamental effects on the immune response to virus infection in mud crab. Therefore, our research provided a novel insight into the roles of both miR-9875 and PDCD6 in the regulation of apoptosis and virus defense in mud crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Tongtong Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xin Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shanmeng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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6
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Liao S, Xu R, Wu H, Yu D, Wei S, He P, Jia R. Susceptibility of five different sizes of pathogenfree Litopenaeus vannamei to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) by intramuscular inoculation. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 141:149-155. [PMID: 32969347 DOI: 10.3354/dao03519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WWSV) has become one of the most widespread causes of mortality in commercial shrimp farming. In the present study, we used PCR to determine the shrimp infectious dose 50% endpoint (SID50 ml-1) of a Chinese isolate of WSSV in 5 different sizes of pathogen-free Litopenaeus vannamei inoculated intramuscularly. The lethal dose 50% endpoint (LD50 ml-1) was also determined from the percentage of dead shrimp. The LD50 ml-1 for 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 cm shrimp were 104.68, 105.7, 106.70, 107.75, and 108.81, respectively, and the SID50 ml-1 were 104.68, 105.70, 106.90, 107.75, and 108.94, respectively. There was no significant difference between the LD50 ml-1 and SID50 ml-1 for each shrimp size, which indicated that all infected shrimp died. The lethal and infectious titer decreased about 1 log10 as shrimp size decreased 1 grade. These data clearly indicate that adult shrimp were more susceptible to WSSV than juvenile shrimp. The horizontal comparison showed that the amount of virus in the shrimp organs increased over the experimental period. The vertical comparison showed that virus quantity was lowest in the organs of 10 cm shrimp and highest in 2 cm shrimp, which indicates that the smaller shrimp had higher levels of viral replication. Hence, the optimal size for WSSV challenge in shrimp inoculated intramuscularly was 2 cm. The determination of virus titers in different sizes of shrimp represents a step towards creating strategies to reduce the negative impacts of WSSV in the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Liao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
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7
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Wang Z, Feng Y, Li J, Zou J, Fan L. Integrative microRNA and mRNA analysis reveals regulation of ER stress in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei under acute cold stress. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 33:100645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.100645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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8
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Tao M, Liang Y, Zhang Y, Wang F. A novel WSSV responsive plasma protein from Litopenaeus vannamei contributes to hemocytes anti-apoptosis. Mol Immunol 2020; 120:113-121. [PMID: 32113131 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Litopenaeus vannamei, as an important marine aquaculture species, has attracted more and more attentions in past several years. More recently people got its genome fine mapping, which unveiled a gene treasure. In this study, we have identified a novel trypsin-like protein which came from previous WSSV-infected shrimp plasma iTRAQ data. This protein is a 39 kDa protein with 363 amino acids. It contains a conserved trypsin-domain and could be strongly induced with WSSV infection. Interestingly, knockdown of this protein made shrimps vulnerable to WSSV infection. Further exploration unveiled that this fragility was probably due to the fact that knockdown of this protein could cause shrimp hemocytes apoptosis, which indicated that this protein played key roles in preventing shrimp hemocytes from apoptosis. To further explore how LvTLAP protected shrimp hemocytes from apoptosis, GST pull down assay was applied to screen LvTLAP interacting protein in shrimp plasma. L. vannamei growth and transformation-dependent-like protein (LvGTD-like protein) was identified as a LvTLAP interacting protein, which played proapoptotic roles in cells. Thus, a possible explanation for LvTLAP anti-apoptosis activity was that this protein could block LvGTD-like protein proapoptotic activity to protect shrimp hemocytes from death. In general, our study has uncovered a novel WSSV responsive shrimp plasma protein, which played key roles in shrimp hemocytes anti-apoptosis and shrimp against WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Tao
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yuqin Liang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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9
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Tang X, Cui C, Liang Q, Sheng X, Xing J, Zhan W. Apoptosis of hemocytes is associated with the infection process of white spot syndrome virus in Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:907-915. [PMID: 31604147 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) could induce hemocytes apoptosis in shrimps, however the inter-relationship between apoptotic process and the WSSV infection status is still currently underexplored. In the present work, the apoptosis and the viral proliferation in hemocytes of Litopenaeus vannamei were simultaneously investigated post WSSV infection by two-color immunofluorescence flow cytometry and real-time quantitative PCR. The apoptotic hemocytes of WSSV-infected shrimp was significantly increased at 12 h post infection (hpi), whereas underwent a slight decline at 24 hpi subsequently. Since 24 hpi, the apoptotic rate of hemocytes in the WSSV-infected shrimp exhibited a rapid and significant increase, and reached the peak level at 48 hpi with the ratio of 18.1 ± 2.0%. Meanwhile, the percentage of WSSV-infected hemocytes and WSSV copies in hemocytes significantly increased at 24 hpi and maintained at a high level afterwards. With the rapid increase of hemocytes apoptosis, hemocyte density in hemolymph decreased dramatically to less than 20% of the mean value of control. Co-localization assay showed that the apoptotic WSSV-infected hemocytes occupied the dominant proportion of total apoptotic hemocytes, which reached the peak at 48 hpi with 12.6 ± 1.5%. The expression profiles of seven pro-apoptotic genes and two apoptosis-inhibiting genes showed significant differential responses at different stages of WSSV infection, reflecting the interplay between the virus and the host immune response. Our results demonstrated that the apoptotic response of shrimp hemocytes could be significantly influenced by the WSSV infection process, which might provide an insight into deeper relationships between viral infection and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chuang Cui
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qianrong Liang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Wang Z, Qu Y, Yan M, Li J, Zou J, Fan L. Physiological Responses of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to Temperature Fluctuation in Low-Salinity Water. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1025. [PMID: 31456695 PMCID: PMC6700251 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a significant environmental factor in aquaculture. To investigate the physiological responses during temperature fluctuation (28~13°C), experimental shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) were treated with gradual cooling from acclimation temperature (AT, 28°C) to 13°C with a cooling rate of 7.5°C/day and rose back to 28°C at the same rate after 13°C for 24 h. Hepatopancreas histological changes, plasma metabolites concentrations, relative mRNA expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway and apoptosis in hepatopancreas and hemocyte were investigated. The results showed that with the decline of temperature, the number and volume of the secretory cells in hepatopancreas increased significantly, the tubule lumen appeared dilatated, and the epithelial cell layer became thinner. The contents of glucose (Glu) significantly decreased to the minimum value of 13°C for 24 h. The contents of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and total protein (TP) increased and reached the peak of 13°C for 24 h. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in plasma reached the lowest and highest value in 13°C, respectively. The expressions of all genes related to UPR and apoptosis in the hepatopancreas and hemocytes were significantly changed during the cooling process and reached the highest level of 13 and 13°C for 24 h, respectively. During re-warming stage, the histopathological symptoms got remission and each of the plasma metabolite concentrations and gene expressions returned to AT levels. These results revealed that pacific white shrimp can adapt to a certain level of temperature fluctuation by self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlu Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuexin Qu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muting Yan
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jixing Zou
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanfen Fan
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Wang Z, Qu Y, Zhuo X, Li J, Zou J, Fan L. Investigating the physiological responses of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to acute cold-stress. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7381. [PMID: 31372323 PMCID: PMC6660825 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the most important aquaculture shrimps in the world and low temperatures present a serious challenge to its survival, growth, and distribution. Methods To investigate their physiological responses during acute cold-stress, L. vannamei were treated under acute cooling conditions from 28 to 13 °C with a cooling rate of 2.5 °C/2 h and were maintained at 13 °C for 12 h. Plasma metabolite concentrations, histological changes, and relative gene expression related to the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway and apoptosis in the hepatopancreas and the hemocytes of L. vannamei were investigated. Results The results revealed that the concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and total protein in plasma reached their peaks at 23 °C, and then decreased to their minimum values at 13 °C for 12 h. The activity of alkaline phosphatase in the plasma decreased to its lowest level while the activity of alanine aminotransferase increased to its highest level at 13 °C for 12 h. The hepatic tubules became necrotic and the basement membranes were ruptured at 13 °C for 12 h. The gene expression related to UPR and apoptosis in the hepatopancreas and hemocytes was significantly altered by the decrease in the temperature. Discussion The results revealed that acute cold-stress caused histological damage in the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei, reducing its immunity. The three UPR pathways were involved in the process of acute cold-stress and the response of activating transcription factor 6 to UPR may be faster and more directthan the IRE1 and PERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlu Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuexin Qu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhuo
- Qingyuan North River Fishery Science Institute, Qingyuan, China
| | - Junyi Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jixing Zou
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanfen Fan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Chen YH, He JG. Effects of environmental stress on shrimp innate immunity and white spot syndrome virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:744-755. [PMID: 30393174 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The shrimp aquaculture industry is plagued by disease. Due to the lack of deep understanding of the relationship between innate immune mechanism and environmental adaptation mechanism, it is difficult to prevent and control the diseases of shrimp. The shrimp innate immune system has received much recent attention, and the functions of the humoral immune response and the cellular immune response have been preliminarily characterized. The role of environmental stress in shrimp disease has also been investigated recently, attempting to clarify the interactions among the innate immune response, the environmental stress response, and disease. Both the innate immune response and the environmental stress response have a complex relationship with shrimp diseases. Although these systems are important safeguards, allowing shrimp to adapt to adverse environments and resist infection, some pathogens, such as white spot syndrome virus, hijack these host systems. As shrimp lack an adaptive immune system, immunization therapy cannot be used to prevent and control shrimp disease. However, shrimp diseases can be controlled using ecological techniques. These techniques, which are based on the innate immune response and the environmental stress response, significantly reduce the impact of shrimp diseases. The object of this review is to summarize the recent research on shrimp environmental adaptation mechanisms, innate immune response mechanisms, and the relationship between these systems. We also suggest some directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering in Guangdong Province/School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Jian-Guo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering in Guangdong Province/School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
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Li C, Weng S, He J. WSSV-host interaction: Host response and immune evasion. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:558-571. [PMID: 30352263 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As invertebrates, shrimps rely on multiple innate defense reactions, including humoral immunity and cellular immunity to recognize and eliminate various invaders, such as viruses. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) causes the most prevalent and devastating viral disease in penaeid shrimps, which are the most widely cultured species in the coastal waters worldwide. In the last couple of decades, studies about WSSV implicate a dual role of the immune system in protecting shrimps against the infection; these studies also explore on the pathogenesis of WSSV infection. Herein, we review our current knowledge of the innate immune responses of shrimps to WSSV, as well as the molecular mechanisms used by this virus to evade host immune responses or actively subvert them for its own benefit. Deciphering the interactions between WSSV and the shrimp host is paramount to understanding the mechanisms that regulate the balance between immune-mediated protection and pathogenesis during viral infection and to the development of a safe and effective WSSV defensive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol / School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol / School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol / School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Zhang H, Yao X, Ding Y, Xu Z, Liang R, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Li B, Guan B. PI3K signaling pathways modulated white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) replication in Procambarus clarkii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 76:279-286. [PMID: 29496475 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is commonly exploited to regulate viral replication and affect the fate of infected cells. In the present study, a PI3K-specific inhibitor (LY294002) was employed to pretreat crayfish to evaluate the effects of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in WSSV replication. The results showed that the WSSV copy numbers in crayfish pretreated with LY294002 were significantly lower than those in Tris-HCl pretreatment crayfish on the sixth and tenth day after WSSV infection. In semigranular cells, the apoptosis rates were up-regulated on the third day post-WSSV infection, and a significantly lower proportion of apoptosis cells were observed in LY294002-pretreatment group. The expression level of Bax, Bax inhibitor-1 and lectin mRNA in haemocytes of crayfish were increased after WSSV infection. After the secondary stimulation with Tris-HCl, the Bax expression level in LY294002-pretreatment crayfish was significantly higher than that of crayfish pretreated with Tris-HCl on the third or sixth day, but the Toll and lectin mRNA expression decreased significantly on the third, sixth and tenth day. The Bax mRNA expression levels in LY294002-WSSV group were significantly higher than those in Tris-HCl-WSSV group on the third and tenth day. The Bax inhibitor-1 mRNA expression levels in LY294002-WSSV group were significantly lower than those in Tris-HCl-WSSV crayfish on the third day. These results together indicated that the hosts PI3K/AKT signaling pathway play positive roles in WSSV replication through the balance between host cell apoptois and innate immune responses. This information is helpful to further understand the role of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway on WSSV replication in Decapoda crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Xuemei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Yunfei Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Rongning Liang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.
| | - Yulong Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Boqing Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Guan
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.
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Aweya JJ, Wang W, Zhang Y, Yao D, Li S, Wang F. Identification and molecular characterization of the Pim1 serine/threonine kinase homolog in Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:491-500. [PMID: 29355758 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Pim1 serine/threonine kinase is associated with multiple cellular functions including proliferation, survival, differentiation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, immune regulation and inflammation in vertebrates. However, little is known about the role of Pim1 in invertebrate immunity. In this study, we identified and characterized for the first time, a Pim1 (LvPim1) gene in Litopenaeus vannamei, with a full-length cDNA of 2352 bp and a 1119 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative protein of 372 amino acids, which contains a typical serine/threonine kinase domain. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that LvPim1 shared a close evolutionary relationship with Pim1 from vertebrates. Real-time qPCR analysis showed that LvPim1 was widely expressed in all tissues tested; with its transcript level induced in hepatopancreas and hemocytes upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Streptoccocus iniae, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), thus, suggesting its probable involvement in shrimp immune response. Moreover, knockdown of LvPim1 resulted in increased hemocytes apoptosis; shown by high caspase3/7 activity, coupled with increase in pro-apoptotic LvCaspase3 and LvCytochrome C, and decrease in pro-survival LvBcl2, LvIAP1, and LvIAP2 mRNA expression in hemocytes. Finally, LvPim1 knockdown renders shrimps more susceptible to V. parahaemolyticus infection. Taken together, our present data strongly suggest that LvPim1 is involved in modulating shrimp resistance to pathogen infection, promote hemocytes survival, and therefore plays a role in shrimp immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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Yuan K, He HH, Zhang CZ, Li XY, Weng SP, He JG, Chen YH. Litopenaeus vannamei activating transcription factor 6 alpha gene involvement in ER-stress response and white spot symptom virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:129-139. [PMID: 28882789 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A previous study found that inositol-requiring enzyme-1-X-box binding protein 1 (IRE1-XBP1) pathway and the protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like ER kinase-eIF2α (PERK-eIF2α) pathway of shrimp play roles in the unfolded protein response (UPR). And they also be proved that was involved in white spot symptom virus (WSSV) infection. Yet the functions of the third branch in shrimp UPR are still unclear. In this study, we showed that upon UPR activation, activating transcription factor 6 alpha (LvATF6α) of Litopenaeus vannamei was cleaved and transferred from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in 293T cells, indicating that the ATF6 pathway in shrimp is also a branch of UPR. Furthermore, LvATF6α could reduce the apoptosis rate of Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cells treated with actinomycin, and knock-down expression of LvATF6α increased the apoptosis rate of shrimp hemocytes. In vivo testing revealed that the short from LvATF6α (LvATF6α-s) was obviously increased after UPR activation or WSSV infection, indicating that the ATF6 pathway was activated in L. vannamei gills under such circumstances. Moreover, knock-down expression of LvATF6α could reduce the cumulative mortality and WSSV copy number in WSSV-infected shrimp. Further study revealed that WSSV may profit from shrimp ATF6 pathway activation in two aspects. First, LvATF6α-s significantly upregulated the expression of the WSSV genes (wsv023, wsv045, wsv083, wsv129, wsv222, wsv249, and wsv343). Second, LvATF6α-s inhibited apoptosis by negatively regulating the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 - (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) pathway. All of these evidences suggested that the ATF6 pathway is a member of the L. vannamei UPR, and it is also engaged in WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Hong-Hui He
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Chao-Zheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 160 QunXian Road, Guangzhou 511430, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yun Li
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shao-Ping Weng
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jian-Guo He
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yi-Hong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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Zhao C, Fu H, Sun S, Qiao H, Zhang W, Jin S, Jiang S, Xiong Y, Gong Y. Experimental inoculation of oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2017; 126:125-134. [PMID: 29044042 DOI: 10.3354/dao03165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense is an economically important species that is widely farmed in China. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the most devastating pathogens of the cultured shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, responsible for massive loss of its commercial products worldwide. We investigated the infectivity and pathogenicity of WSSV in adult M. nipponense using standardized conditions for L. vannamei. The median lethal dose of WSSV in adult M. nipponense was 103.84±0.06 copies g-1, which was about 1000-fold higher than in L. vannamei (100.59±0.22 copies g-1). WSSV was detected by 2-step PCR in the gills, hepatopancreas, muscle, stomach, heart, gut, nerve, integument, pereopod, eyestalk, testis, and ovary of experimentally infected dead M. nipponense. Lesions were observed histologically following WSSV injection, showing basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the hepatopancreas and subsequently in the gills. The clearance of WSSV was observed in hepatopancreas and gills at 48 and 96 h post-inoculation, respectively. No histological lesions were detected in muscle from 0-96 h post-injection. The results show that the oriental river prawn M. nipponense can be infected by WSSV and the infections are self limiting over time; therefore, M. nipponense may serve as a useful model for studying resistance to WSSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyuan Zhao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
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Hu WY, Yao CL. Molecular and immune response characterizations of a novel AIF and cytochrome c in Litopenaeus vannamei defending against WSSV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 56:84-95. [PMID: 27368536 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c (CYC) are two mitochondrial apoptogenic factors. In the present study, the cDNA sequences of AIF (LvAIF) and CYC (LvCYC) were cloned from Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The LvAIF was 1664 bp, including a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 154 bp, an open reading frame (ORF) of 1323 bp encoding a polypeptide of 440 amino acids (aa) and a 3' UTR of 187 bp. The LvCYC was 582 bp, including a 50 bp 5' UTR, a 315 bp ORF encoding for 104 aa, and a 217 bp 3' UTR. The deduced protein of LvAIF contained a conserved Pyr_redox and AIF_C domain at the N-terminal and the predicted LvCYC included a conservative cytochrome_C domain, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LvAIF belonged to AIF1 subfamily and showed a close relationship with AIF1 from vertebrates and LvCYC showed the closest relationship with its counterparts from shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. Tissue expression profiles showed that both LvAIF and LvCYC existed in most tissues, with the most predominant expression of LvAIF in intestine, then followed muscle and the weakest expression in gill. The highest expression of LvCYC was detected in muscle, and the weakest expression was in hemocytes. Additionally, after white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection, the significant up-regulation of LvAIF, LvCYC and caspase 3 transcripts and the increase of pro-caspase 3 and active-caspase 3 protein were detected at most time points (P < 0.05). However, all of the three genes down-regulated in hemocytes in the early stage after WSSV infection. WSSV proliferation and shrimp mortality showed a time-dependent manner and the production of ROS in hemocytes were significantly increased at 6 and 24 h after infection. Our results showed that the apoptotic genes AIF, CYC and caspase 3 might play crucial roles in hepatopancreas, however, the production of ROS in hemocytes might be important in shrimp defense against WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Hu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Cui-Luan Yao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China.
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