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Tumas AV, Slatvinskaya VA, Kumeiko VV, Sokolnikova YN. Study of the Impact of the Parasitic Microalgae Coccomyxa parasitica on the Health of Bivalve Modiolus kurilensis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:997. [PMID: 38792826 PMCID: PMC11123908 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The invasion of bivalves by parasitic microalgae Coccomyxa is widespread and causes pathologies and dysfunctions of the organs, especially in the most valuable products: the mantle and the muscle. The pathogenesis of the disease remains completely unknown. In this study, based on a macroscopic examination of Modiolus kurilensis and microalgae count in each infected individual, four stages of disease development with characteristic pathognomonic symptoms were described. During the progression of the disease, the concentration of alkaline phosphatase, glucose, calcium, hemolytic and agglutinating activities, number of basophils, eosinophils, phagocytes, and cells with reactive oxygen species increased in the hemolymph, while number of agranulocytes, cells with lysosomes, dead hemocytes, total protein concentration, as well as the weight of mollusks decreased. In the nephridia and digestive gland, necrosis, invasion of Nematopsis sp., hemocyte infiltration, and fibrosis increased. The ratio of changed tubules and occurrence of granulocytomas increased in the digestive gland, while the base membrane, nephrocytes and concretions changed in the nephridia. This study helps establish the variability of these parameters under normal conditions and their alteration during the disease. Moreover, these findings can be used for veterinary monitoring of the state of bivalves in natural and aquaculture populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayna V. Tumas
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Veronika A. Slatvinskaya
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vadim V. Kumeiko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yulia N. Sokolnikova
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
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Zhou C, Yang MJ, Hu Z, Shi P, Li YR, Guo YJ, Zhang T, Song H. Molecular evidence for the adaptive evolution in euryhaline bivalves. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 192:106240. [PMID: 37944349 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine bivalves inhabiting intertidal and estuarine areas are frequently exposed to salinity stress due to persistent rainfall and drought. Through prolonged adaptive evolution, numerous bivalves have developed eurysalinity, which are capable of tolerating a wide range of salinity fluctuations through the sophisticated regulation of physiological metabolism. Current research has predominantly focused on investigating the physiological responses of bivalves to salinity stress, leaving a significant gap in our understanding of the adaptive evolutionary characteristics in euryhaline bivalves. Here, comparative genomics analyses were performed in two groups of bivalve species, including 7 euryhaline species and 5 stenohaline species. We identified 24 significantly expanded gene families and 659 positively selected genes in euryhaline bivalves. A significant co-expansion of solute carrier family 23 (SLC23) facilitates the transmembrane transport of ascorbic acids in euryhaline bivalves. Positive selection of antioxidant genes, such as GST and TXNRD, augments the capacity of active oxygen species (ROS) scavenging under salinity stress. Additionally, we found that the positively selected genes were significantly enriched in KEGG pathways associated with carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids metabolism (ALDH, ADH, and GLS), as well as GO terms related to transmembrane transport and inorganic anion transport (SLC22, CLCND, and VDCC). Positive selection of MCT might contribute to prevent excessive accumulation of intracellular lactic acids during anaerobic metabolism. Positive selection of PLA2 potentially promote the removal of damaged membranes lipids under salinity stress. Our findings suggest that adaptive evolution has occurred in osmoregulation, ROS scavenging, energy metabolism, and membrane lipids adjustments in euryhaline bivalves. This study enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the remarkable salinity adaption of euryhaline bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Mei-Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Pu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yong-Ren Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yong-Jun Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Hao Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Sokolnikova Y, Mokrina M, Magarlamov T, Grinchenko A, Kumeiko V. Specification of hemocyte subpopulations based on immune-related activities and the production of the agglutinin MkC1qDC in the bivalve Modiolus kurilensis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15577. [PMID: 37151667 PMCID: PMC10161718 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bivalves, such as Modiolus are used as indicator organisms to monitor the state of the marine environment. Even though hemocytes are known to play a key role in the adaptive and protective mechanisms of bivalves, these cells are poorly studied in horse-mussel Modiolus kurilensis. In this paper, we present classification of horse-mussel hemocytes based on their immune functions, including the production of specific immune-related molecules, as well as their morphological composition after isolation by density gradient centrifugation. An effective fractionation protocol was adapted to separate four hemocyte subpopulations with distinct morphofunctional profiles. First subpopulation consisted of small under-differentiated hemoblasts (2.20 ± 0.85%) with a bromodeoxyuridine positive nucleus, and did not show any immune reactivity. Second was represented by agranulocytes (24.11 ± 2.40%), with evenly filled cytoplasm containing a well-developed protein-synthesizing apparatus, polysomes, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and positively stained for myeloperoxidase, acidic proteins, glycogen and neutral polysaccharides. Third subpopulation consisted of eosinophilic granulocytes (62.64 ± 9.32%) that contained the largest number of lysosomes, peroxisomes and vesicles with contents of different density, and showed the highest phosphatase, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phagocytic activities. Lastly, fourth group, basophilic granulocytes (14.21 ± 0.34%), are main producers of lectin-like protein MkC1qDC, recently discovered in M. kurilensis and characterized by pronounced antibacterial and anticancer activity. These cells characterized by intracytoplasmic of the MkC1qDC localization, forming granule-like bodies visualized with specific antibody. Both granulocytes and agranulocytes showed phagocytic activity and ROS production, and these reactions were more pronounced for eosinophilic granulocytes, suggesting that this group is the key element of the cell-mediated immune response of M. kurilensis. Our results support a concept of bivalve's hemocyte specification with distinct phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Sokolnikova
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
- Corresponding author. A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, 690041, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Mariia Mokrina
- Laboratory of Aquacultural Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
- Far Eastern Federal University, 690922, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Timur Magarlamov
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Grinchenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
- Far Eastern Federal University, 690922, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
- Far Eastern Federal University, 690922, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
- Corresponding author. Far Eastern Federal University, 690922, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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Yang C, Shan B, Liu Y, Wang L, Liu M, Yao T, Sun D. Transcriptomic analysis of male three-spot swimming crab (Portunus sanguinolentus) infected with the parasitic barnacle Diplothylacus sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:260-268. [PMID: 35934240 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diplothylacus sinensis is reported as an intriguing parasitic barnacle that can negatively affect the growth, molting, reproduction in several commercially important portunid crabs. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of host-parasite interactions, we characterized the gene expression profiles from the healthy and D. sinensis infected Portunus sanguinolentus by high-through sequence method. Totally, the transcriptomic analysis generated 52, 266, 600 and 51, 629, 604 high quality reads from the infected and control groups, respectively. The clean reads were assembled to 90,740 and 69,314 unigenes, with the average length of 760 bp and 709 bp, respectively. The expression analysis showed that 18,959 genes were significantly changed by the parasitism of D. sinensis, including 4769 activated genes and 14,190 suppressed genes. The differentially expressed genes were categorized into 258 KEGG pathways and 647 GO terms. The GO analysis mapped 13 DEGs related to immune system process and 32 DEGs related to immune response, respectively, suggesting a potential alteration of transcriptional expression patterns in complement cascades of P. sanguinolentus. Additionally, 4 representative molting-related genes were down-regulated in parasitized group, indicating D. sinensis infection appeared to suppress the producing of ecdysteroid hormones. In conclusion, the present study improves our understanding on parasite-host interaction mechanisms, which focuses the function of Ecdysone receptor, Toll-like receptor and cytokine receptor of crustacean crabs infestation with rhizocephalan parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changping Yang
- Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Sanya, 572018, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ranching, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Binbin Shan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ranching, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ranching, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Liangming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ranching, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Manting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ranching, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Tuo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ranching, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Dianrong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ranching, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China.
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Metabolomics and biochemical assays reveal the metabolic responses to hypo-salinity stress and osmoregulatory role of cAMP-PKA pathway in Mercenaria mercenaria. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4110-4121. [PMID: 36016713 PMCID: PMC9385449 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics reveals the metabolic responses of hard clam to hypo-salinity stress. cAMP-PKA pathway and NKA play osmoregulatory roles in hard clams. Activated antioxidant responses and reorganized membrane lipids occurred at 5 d. Alaine and lactate accumulation suggest the onset of anaerobic metabolism at 1 d. Fatty acids β-oxidation is promoted to provide energy for osmoregulation.
Hypo-salinity events frequently occur in marine ecosystem due to persistent rainfall and freshwater inflow, reducing the cytosol osmolarity and triggering cellular stress responses in aquatic organisms. Euryhaline bivalves have developed sophisticated regulatory mechanisms to adapt to salinity fluctuations over a long period of evolution. In this study, we performed multiple biochemical assays, widely targeted metabolomics, and gene expression analysis to investigate the comprehensive metabolic responses to hypo-salinity stress and osmoregulation mechanisms in hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria, which is a euryhaline bivalve species widely cultured in China. During hypo-salinity stress, increased vacuoles appeared in gill filaments. The Na+ and Cl- concentrations in gills significantly decreased because of the up-regulation of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity. The cAMP content dramatically decreased at 5 d post hypo-salinity stress. Meanwhile, the gene expression levels of adenylate cyclase, proteinkinase A, and sodium and calcium channel proteins were evidently down-regulated, suggesting that cAMP-PKA pathway was inhibited to prevent ambient inorganic ions from entering the gill cells. Antioxidant metabolites, such as serine and Tyr-containing dipeptides, were significantly up-regulated to resist oxidative stress. Glycerolipid metabolism was strengthened to stabilize membrane structure when hypo-salinity stress was prolonged to 5 days. At 1 d post hypo-salinity stress, an increase in alanine and lactate contents marked the initiation of anaerobic metabolism. Acylcarnitines accumulation indicated that fatty acids β-oxidation was promoted to provide energy for osmoregulation. The potential biomarkers of hypo-salinity stress were identified in hard clams. This study provides novel insights into the metabolic regulatory mechanisms to hypo-salinity stress in euryhaline bivalves.
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Farhat S, Bonnivard E, Pales Espinosa E, Tanguy A, Boutet I, Guiglielmoni N, Flot JF, Allam B. Comparative analysis of the Mercenaria mercenaria genome provides insights into the diversity of transposable elements and immune molecules in bivalve mollusks. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:192. [PMID: 35260071 PMCID: PMC8905726 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria is a major marine resource along the Atlantic coasts of North America and has been introduced to other continents for resource restoration or aquaculture activities. Significant mortality events have been reported in the species throughout its native range as a result of diseases (microbial infections, leukemia) and acute environmental stress. In this context, the characterization of the hard clam genome can provide highly needed resources to enable basic (e.g., oncogenesis and cancer transmission, adaptation biology) and applied (clam stock enhancement, genomic selection) sciences. RESULTS Using a combination of long and short-read sequencing technologies, a 1.86 Gb chromosome-level assembly of the clam genome was generated. The assembly was scaffolded into 19 chromosomes, with an N50 of 83 Mb. Genome annotation yielded 34,728 predicted protein-coding genes, markedly more than the few other members of the Venerida sequenced so far, with coding regions representing only 2% of the assembly. Indeed, more than half of the genome is composed of repeated elements, including transposable elements. Major chromosome rearrangements were detected between this assembly and another recent assembly derived from a genetically segregated clam stock. Comparative analysis of the clam genome allowed the identification of a marked diversification in immune-related proteins, particularly extensive tandem duplications and expansions in tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) and C1q domain-containing proteins, some of which were previously shown to play a role in clam interactions with infectious microbes. The study also generated a comparative repertoire highlighting the diversity and, in some instances, the specificity of LTR-retrotransposons elements, particularly Steamer elements in bivalves. CONCLUSIONS The diversity of immune molecules in M. mercenaria may allow this species to cope with varying and complex microbial and environmental landscapes. The repertoire of transposable elements identified in this study, particularly Steamer elements, should be a prime target for the investigation of cancer cell development and transmission among bivalve mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Farhat
- Marine Animal Disease Laboratory, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5000, USA
| | - Eric Bonnivard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 AD2M, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa
- Marine Animal Disease Laboratory, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5000, USA
| | - Arnaud Tanguy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 AD2M, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Isabelle Boutet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 AD2M, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Nadège Guiglielmoni
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Flot
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels - (IB)2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bassem Allam
- Marine Animal Disease Laboratory, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5000, USA.
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Grinchenko AV, von Kriegsheim A, Shved NA, Egorova AE, Ilyaskina DV, Karp TD, Goncharov NV, Petrova IY, Kumeiko VV. A Novel C1q Domain-Containing Protein Isolated from the Mollusk Modiolus kurilensis Recognizing Glycans Enriched with Acidic Galactans and Mannans. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:668. [PMID: 34940667 PMCID: PMC8706970 DOI: 10.3390/md19120668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
C1q domain-containing (C1qDC) proteins are a group of biopolymers involved in immune response as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in a lectin-like manner. A new protein MkC1qDC from the hemolymph plasma of Modiolus kurilensis bivalve mollusk widespread in the Northwest Pacific was purified. The isolation procedure included ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by affinity chromatography on pectin-Sepharose. The full-length MkC1qDC sequence was assembled using de novo mass-spectrometry peptide sequencing complemented with N-terminal Edman's degradation, and included 176 amino acid residues with molecular mass of 19 kDa displaying high homology to bivalve C1qDC proteins. MkC1qDC demonstrated antibacterial properties against Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains. MkC1qDC binds to a number of saccharides in Ca2+-dependent manner which characterized by structural meta-similarity in acidic group enrichment of galactose and mannose derivatives incorporated in diversified molecular species of glycans. Alginate, κ-carrageenan, fucoidan, and pectin were found to be highly effective inhibitors of MkC1qDC activity. Yeast mannan, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN) and mucin showed an inhibitory effect at concentrations three orders of magnitude greater than for the most effective saccharides. MkC1qDC localized to the mussel hemal system and interstitial compartment. Intriguingly, MkC1qDC was found to suppress proliferation of human adenocarcinoma HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner, indicating to the biomedical potential of MkC1qDC protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V. Grinchenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.V.G.); (N.A.S.); (N.V.G.); (I.Y.P.)
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK;
| | - Nikita A. Shved
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.V.G.); (N.A.S.); (N.V.G.); (I.Y.P.)
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.E.E.); (D.V.I.); (T.D.K.)
| | - Anna E. Egorova
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.E.E.); (D.V.I.); (T.D.K.)
| | - Diana V. Ilyaskina
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.E.E.); (D.V.I.); (T.D.K.)
| | - Tatiana D. Karp
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.E.E.); (D.V.I.); (T.D.K.)
| | - Nikolay V. Goncharov
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.V.G.); (N.A.S.); (N.V.G.); (I.Y.P.)
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.E.E.); (D.V.I.); (T.D.K.)
| | - Irina Y. Petrova
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.V.G.); (N.A.S.); (N.V.G.); (I.Y.P.)
| | - Vadim V. Kumeiko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.V.G.); (N.A.S.); (N.V.G.); (I.Y.P.)
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.E.E.); (D.V.I.); (T.D.K.)
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Regan T, Stevens L, Peñaloza C, Houston RD, Robledo D, Bean TP. Ancestral Physical Stress and Later Immune Gene Family Expansions Shaped Bivalve Mollusc Evolution. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6337976. [PMID: 34343278 PMCID: PMC8382680 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bivalve molluscs comprise 20,000 species occupying a wide diversity of marine habitats. As filter feeders and detritivores they act as ecosystem engineers clarifying water, creating reefs, and protecting coastlines. The global decline of natural oyster reefs has led to increased restoration efforts in recent years. Bivalves also play an important role in global food security contributing to >20% of worldwide aquaculture production. Despite this importance, relatively little is known about bivalve evolutionary adaptation strategies. Difficulties previously associated with highly heterozygous and repetitive regions of bivalve genomes have been overcome by long-read sequencing, enabling the generation of accurate bivalve assemblies. With these resources we have analyzed the genomes of 32 species representing each molluscan class, including 15 bivalve species, to identify gene families that have undergone expansion during bivalve evolution. Gene family expansions across bivalve genomes occur at the point of evolutionary pressures. We uncovered two key factors that shape bivalve evolutionary history: expansion of bivalvia into environmental niches with high stress followed by later exposure to specific pathogenic pressures. The conserved expansion of protein recycling gene families we found across bivalvia is mirrored by adaptations to a sedentary lifestyle seen in plants. These results reflect the ability of bivalves to tolerate high levels of environmental stress and constant exposure to pathogens as filter feeders. The increasing availability of accurate genome assemblies will provide greater resolution to these analyses allowing further points of evolutionary pressure to become clear in other understudied taxa and potentially different populations of a single species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Regan
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Stevens
- Tree of Life Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina Peñaloza
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ross D Houston
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Robledo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tim P Bean
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Zhou C, Song H, Yang MJ, Wang XC, Yu ZL, Hu Z, Shi P, Zhang T. Single-molecule long-read (SMRT) transcriptome sequencing of Mercenaria mercenaria reveals a powerful anti-apoptotic system critical for air exposure endurance. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 38:100792. [PMID: 33465732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mercenaria mercenaria is an economically important clam species and exhibits an outstanding resistance to multiple environmental stressors. However, our understanding of their stress adaptability is limited due to a lack of genomic information, such as transcriptome resources. In this study, single-molecule long-read (SMRT) mRNA sequencing was performed to obtain the full-length gill transcriptome reference sequences of M. mercenaria under air exposure stress. In all, 14.5 G subreads were obtained and assembled into 64,603 unigenes, among which 50,613 were successfully annotated. Additionally, 56,295 SSRs, 1457 transcription factors, and 5924 lncRNAs were identified in M. mercenaria transcriptome. Furthermore, numerous apoptosis-related transcripts were identified according to Swiss-Prot annotation and their numbers were counted. We also found that most apoptosis-related transcripts exhibited typical domains of a certain protein family through conserved domain prediction. Additionally, eight typical sequences related to apoptosis pathway were detected by RT-PCR, with the aim to show the sequential variation of gene expression levels under air exposure. These results implied that the complicated apoptosis system, especially the powerful anti-apoptotic system was critical for M. mercenaria to endure air exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mei-Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Wang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zheng-Lin Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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10
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Farhat S, Tanguy A, Pales Espinosa E, Guo X, Boutet I, Smolowitz R, Murphy D, Rivara GJ, Allam B. Identification of variants associated with hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, resistance to Quahog Parasite Unknown disease. Genomics 2020; 112:4887-4896. [PMID: 32890702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Severe losses in aquacultured and wild hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) stocks have been previously reported in the northeastern United States due to a protistan parasite called QPX (Quahog Parasite Unknown). Previous work demonstrated that clam resistance to QPX is under genetic control. This study identifies single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with clam survivorship from two geographically segregated populations, both deployed in an enzootic site. The analysis contrasted samples collected before and after undergoing QPX-related mortalities and relied on a robust draft clam genome assembly. ~200 genes displayed significant variant enrichment at each sampling point in both populations, including 18 genes shared between both populations. Markers from both populations were identified in genes related to apoptosis pathways, protein-protein interaction, receptors, and signaling. This research begins to identify genetic markers associated with clam resistance to QPX disease, leading the way for the development of resistant clam stocks through marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Farhat
- Marine Animal Disease Laboratory, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA
| | - Arnaud Tanguy
- Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa
- Marine Animal Disease Laboratory, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA
| | - Ximing Guo
- Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 6959 Miller Avenue, Port Norris, NJ 08349, USA
| | - Isabelle Boutet
- Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Roxanna Smolowitz
- Roger Williams University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology, and Environmental Science, 1 Old Ferry Rd, Bristol, RI 02809, USA
| | - Diane Murphy
- Cape Cod Cooperative Extension, 3195 Main St, Barnstable, MA 02630, NY 1197, USA
| | - Gregg J Rivara
- Cornell University Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County, 3690 Cedar Beach Rd, Southold, NY 11971, USA
| | - Bassem Allam
- Marine Animal Disease Laboratory, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA.
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11
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Leprêtre M, Almunia C, Armengaud J, Le Guernic A, Salvador A, Geffard A, Palos-Ladeiro M. Identification of immune-related proteins of Dreissena polymorpha hemocytes and plasma involved in host-microbe interactions by differential proteomics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6226. [PMID: 32277127 PMCID: PMC7148315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological responses of zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha are investigated to assess the impact of contaminants on aquatic organisms and ecosystems. In addition to concentrate chemical contaminants in their tissues, zebra mussels accumulate several microorganisms such as viruses, protozoa and bacteria. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the defence against microorganisms this study aims at identifying immune proteins from D. polymorpha hemolymph involved in defence against protozoa and viruses. For this purpose, hemolymph were exposed ex vivo to Cryptosporidium parvum and RNA poly I:C. Differential proteomics on both hemocytes and plasma revealed immune proteins modulated under exposures. Different patterns of response were observed after C. parvum and RNA poly I:C exposures. The number of modulated proteins per hemolymphatic compartments suggest that C. parvum is managed in cells while RNA poly I:C is managed in plasma after 4 h exposure. BLAST annotation and GO terms enrichment analysis revealed further characteristics of immune mechanisms. Results showed that many proteins involved in the recognition and destruction of microorganisms were modulated in both exposure conditions, while proteins related to phagocytosis and apoptosis were exclusively modulated by C. parvum. This differential proteomic analysis highlights in zebra mussels modulated proteins involved in the response to microorganisms, which reflect a broad range of immune mechanisms such as recognition, internalization and destruction of microorganisms. This study paves the way for the identification of new markers of immune processes that can be used to assess the impact of both chemical and biological contaminations on the health status of aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Leprêtre
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christine Almunia
- Laboratoire Innovations Technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, F-30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Laboratoire Innovations Technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, F-30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Antoine Le Guernic
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France
| | - Arnaud Salvador
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alain Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France
| | - Mélissa Palos-Ladeiro
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France.
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12
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Ellison A, Zamudio K, Lips K, Muletz‐Wolz C. Temperature‐mediated shifts in salamander transcriptomic responses to the amphibian‐killing fungus. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:325-343. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Ellison
- School of Natural Sciences Bangor University Bangor UK
| | - Kelly Zamudio
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Karen Lips
- Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park MD USA
| | - Carly Muletz‐Wolz
- Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park MD USA
- Center for Conservation Genomics Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park Washington DC USA
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13
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Yu J, Wang H, Yue X, Liu B. Dynamic immune and metabolism response of clam Meretrix petechialis to Vibrio challenge revealed by a time series of transcriptome analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:17-26. [PMID: 31465871 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Meretrix petechialis is an important commercial aquaculture species in China. During the clam culture period, mass mortality events often occurred due to the Vibrio infection. In this paper, M. petechialis were challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus immersion to simulate a natural infection, and the infection process were divided into four phases including latency, prodrome, onset and recovery phases based on the clam mortality data. Then, the dynamic response of clams to Vibrio infection at different infection phases were investigated by transcriptome analysis. A total of 38,067 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at different infection phases. DEG annotations showed that immune-related and metabolism-related signaling pathways were enriched, indicating that immune defense and metabolism process play key roles during bacterial infection. Three kinds of expression pattern were classified by cluster analysis, including U-shape, L-shape and inverted V-shape. Anabolism and cellular growth proliferation related signaling pathways were repressed (long-lasting or transient) during bacterial infection. However, the immune related signaling pathways with different immune functions showed induction expression or repression expression against bacterial infection, which indicated that immune system take different strategies against bacterial infection. Furthermore, some signaling pathways such as PI3K-Akt signaling pathway both involved in immune defense and cell metabolism. This study provides a sight that the dynamic immunity and metabolic responses may be integrated to improve the host survival and shift more energy for immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Xin Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Baozhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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14
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Li Y, Xu W, Li X, Jiang H, She Q, Han Z, Li X, Chen Q. Comparative transcriptome analysis of Chinese grass shrimp (Palaemonetes sinensis) infected with isopod parasite Tachaea chinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:153-161. [PMID: 30107262 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic isopods negatively affect reproduction and ingestion in several commercially important crustaceans; however, little is known about such parasite-host interactions. Therefore, we performed high-throughput sequencing of cDNA samples from Chinese grass shrimp Palaemonetes sinensis infected by parasitic isopod Tachaea chinensis and a non-infected control. We randomly assembled 46,858,882 and 41,110,746 clean reads from the parasitized and control groups, respectively. From these, we identified 1323 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (p < 0.05), of which 702 were up-regulated and 621 were down-regulated after T. chinensis infection, respectively. The up-regulated genes were enriched in 'ribosome', 'purine metabolism', and 'pyrimidine metabolism' signalling pathways, suggesting altered host nucleotide metabolite levels, possibly through the action of intracellular parasites transported by T. chinensis. Additionally, 14 representative DEGs involved in reproduction were down-regulated after parasitisation, indicating T. chinensis causes cascading effects in P. sinensis. Overall, parasitisation appeared to affect host immune response, metabolism, and gonadal development. In conclusion, the present study improves our understanding on the molecular mechanisms underlying interactions between isopod parasites and their crustacean hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Weibin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hongbo Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qiuxin She
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhibin Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qijun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang 110866, China
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15
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Abstract
Background Quahog Parasite Unknown (QPX) is an opportunistic protistan pathogen of the clam Mercenaria mercenaria. Infections with QPX have caused significant economic losses in the Northeastern United States. Previous research demonstrated a geographic gradient for disease prevalence and intensity, but little information is available on the genetic diversity of the parasite throughout its distribution range. Also, QPX virulence factors are not well understood. This study addresses the occurrence of QPX genetic variants with a particular focus on functions involved in virulence and adaptation to environmental conditions. Results Analyses were performed using transcriptome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of four QPX isolates cultured from infected clams collected from disparate locations along the Northeastern United States. For contig assembly and mapping, two different genome builds and four transcriptomes of the parasite were examined. Genomic variants appeared at a differential rate relative to sequenced transcripts at 20.18 and 22.55% occurrence under 1000 base pairs upstream and downstream protein domains respectively and at 57.26% rate in protein domain coding sequences. QPX strains shared 30.50% of the mutations and exhibited a preferential nucleotide substitution towards thymine. Sequence identity suggested relatedness between different QPX strains, with the parasite being possibly introduced to Virginia from the Massachusetts region during clam trading, while QPX could have been naturally present in New York. Diversity in virulence, temperature, and salinity domains suggested a common variability between strains, but with a preferential higher variation in local adaptation genes. This could explain differences in disease prevalence noted in different regions. Overall, the results supported views that this opportunistic parasite might be able to adapt to varying environmental conditions. Conclusion Relatedness and mutations between the four QPX strains suggested that variability in environmental-related functions favors parasite survival, potentially promoting resilience against stressful conditions. These findings are in agreement with the widespread presence of QPX in the environment. Although QPX levels are enzootic in most areas, an increase in disease outbreaks were often associated with seasonal changes in environmental conditions. A selection mediated by the parasitic life of QPX remains possible, but the effect of the environment on the biology of the parasite appears more obvious. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4866-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sleiman Bassim
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794-5000, USA
| | - Bassem Allam
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794-5000, USA.
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16
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Long-term affected flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) haemocytes show differential gene expression profiles from naïve oysters in response to Bonamia ostreae. Genomics 2018; 110:390-398. [PMID: 29678683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) production has suffered a severe decline due to bonamiosis. The responsible parasite enters in oyster haemocytes, causing an acute inflammatory response frequently leading to death. We used an immune-enriched oligo-microarray to understand the haemocyte response to Bonamia ostreae by comparing expression profiles between naïve (NS) and long-term affected (AS) populations along a time series (1 d, 30 d, 90 d). AS showed a much higher response just after challenge, which might be indicative of selection for resistance. No regulated genes were detected at 30 d in both populations while a notable reactivation was observed at 90 d, suggesting parasite latency during infection. Genes related to extracellular matrix and protease inhibitors, up-regulated in AS, and those related to histones, down-regulated in NS, might play an important role along the infection. Twenty-four candidate genes related to resistance should be further validated for selection programs aimed to control bonamiosis.
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17
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Schultz JH, Adema CM. Comparative immunogenomics of molluscs. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 75:3-15. [PMID: 28322934 PMCID: PMC5494275 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Comparative immunology, studying both vertebrates and invertebrates, provided the earliest descriptions of phagocytosis as a general immune mechanism. However, the large scale of animal diversity challenges all-inclusive investigations and the field of immunology has developed by mostly emphasizing study of a few vertebrate species. In addressing the lack of comprehensive understanding of animal immunity, especially that of invertebrates, comparative immunology helps toward management of invertebrates that are food sources, agricultural pests, pathogens, or transmit diseases, and helps interpret the evolution of animal immunity. Initial studies showed that the Mollusca (second largest animal phylum), and invertebrates in general, possess innate defenses but lack the lymphocytic immune system that characterizes vertebrate immunology. Recognizing the reality of both common and taxon-specific immune features, and applying up-to-date cell and molecular research capabilities, in-depth studies of a select number of bivalve and gastropod species continue to reveal novel aspects of molluscan immunity. The genomics era heralded a new stage of comparative immunology; large-scale efforts yielded an initial set of full molluscan genome sequences that is available for analyses of full complements of immune genes and regulatory sequences. Next-generation sequencing (NGS), due to lower cost and effort required, allows individual researchers to generate large sequence datasets for growing numbers of molluscs. RNAseq provides expression profiles that enable discovery of immune genes and genome sequences reveal distribution and diversity of immune factors across molluscan phylogeny. Although computational de novo sequence assembly will benefit from continued development and automated annotation may require some experimental validation, NGS is a powerful tool for comparative immunology, especially increasing coverage of the extensive molluscan diversity. To date, immunogenomics revealed new levels of complexity of molluscan defense by indicating sequence heterogeneity in individual snails and bivalves, and members of expanded immune gene families are expressed differentially to generate pathogen-specific defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Schultz
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Coen M Adema
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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18
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Wang K, Pales Espinosa E, Allam B. Effect of “heat shock” treatments on QPX disease and stress response in the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria. J Invertebr Pathol 2016; 138:39-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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