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Dong M, Wu W, Cheng X, Zuo J, Wang W, Wang L, Song L. A transcription factor ATF3 involves in the phagocytosis of granulocytes in oyster Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 161:105244. [PMID: 39151743 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a major cellular mechanism for mollusk granulocytes to eliminate nonself substances and dead cells, and thus to preserve the immune homeostasis. The knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms controlling phagocytic capacity is vital to understanding the immune system. In the present study, an ATF3 homolog (CgATF3) with a typical bZIP domain was identified in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Its highly conserved bZIP domain consisted of two structural features, a basic region for DNA binding and a leucine zipper region for dimerization. Its transcript was found to be abundantly expressed in haemocytes, which was induced by Vibrio splendidus stimulation and recombinant CgTNF-2 treatment, along with an increase of its protein content in the nucleus. Moreover, CgATF3 showed a consistent and specific high expression in granulocytes, and CgATF3+ granulocytes were characterized morphologically by the largest diameter, smaller nucleus to cytoplasmic ratio, and abundant cytoplasmic granules, and functionally by a higher capacity for phagocytosis. When CgATF3 expression was inhibited by RNAi, the expression levels of CgRab1, CgRab33 and CgCathepsin L1, as well as the phagocytic rate and index of granulocytes all decreased after V. splendidus stimulation. These results together demonstrated the involvement of CgATF3 in regulating the expressions of Rabs and Cathepsin L1, as well as the phagocytosis of granulocytes in oyster C. gigas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Dong
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiajun Zuo
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Lingling Wang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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Hesser J, Mueller RS, Langdon C, Schubiger CB. Immunomodulatory effects of a probiotic combination treatment to improve the survival of Pacific oyster ( Crassostrea gigas) larvae against infection by Vibrio coralliilyticus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1380089. [PMID: 38650950 PMCID: PMC11033467 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1380089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The culture of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) is of significant socio-economic importance in the U.S. Pacific Northwest and other temperate regions worldwide, with disease outbreaks acting as significant bottlenecks to the successful production of healthy seed larvae. Therefore, the current study aims to describe the mechanisms of a probiotic combination in improving the survival of C. gigas larvae. Specifically, we investigate changes in C. gigas larval gene expression in response to V. coralliilyticus infection with or without a pre-treatment of a novel probiotic combination. Methods Treatment groups consisted of replicates of Pacific oyster larvae exposed to a) a combination of four probiotic bacteria at a total concentration of 3.0 x 105 CFU/mL at 18 hours post-fertilization (hpf), b) pathogenic V. coralliilyticus RE22 at a concentration of 6.0 x 103 CFU/mL at 48 hpf, and c) the probiotic combination at 18 hpf and V. coralliilyticus RE22 at 48 hpf. RNA was extracted from washed larvae after 72 hpf, and transcriptome sequencing was used to identify significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within each treatment. Results Larvae challenged with V. coralliilyticus showed enhanced expression of genes responsible for inhibiting immune signaling (i.e., TNFAIP3, PSMD10) and inducing apoptosis (i.e., CDIP53). However, when pre-treated with the probiotic combination, these genes were no longer differentially expressed relative to untreated control larvae. Additionally, pre-treatment with the probiotic combination increased expression of immune signaling proteins and immune effectors (i.e., IL-17, MyD88). Apparent immunomodulation in response to probiotic treatment corresponds to an increase in the survival of C. gigas larvae infected with V. coralliilyticus by up to 82%. Discussion These results indicate that infection with V. coralliilyticus can suppress the larval immune response while also prompting cell death. Furthermore, the results suggest that the probiotic combination treatment negates the deleterious effects of V. coralliilyticus on larval gene expression while stimulating the expression of genes involved in infection defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hesser
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Ryan S. Mueller
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Chris Langdon
- Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station and Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Carla B. Schubiger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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Dang C, Donaghy L, Macnab A, Gholipour-Kanani H. Optimising flow-cytometry methods for marine mollusc haemocytes using the pearl oyster Pinctada maxima as a model. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109220. [PMID: 37977546 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Flow-cytometry has become increasingly popular to assess the haemocytes morphology and functions of marine molluscs. Indeed, haemocytes are the first line of defence of the immune system in molluscs and are used as a proxy for oyster health. Authors publishing in the field of flow-cytometry and molluscs health seemed to utilise the same methods for all model species used, independently of their geographical location in the world (temperate, tropical, etc.). Hence, this paper dived into flow-cytometry methodology and investigated if using different plates, different thresholds, different incubation times and temperatures as well as different fluorochromes concentrations affected the results. This study revealed that the cell count did not change when using different thresholds on the FSC-H parameter of the instrument but was affected by the plate type, the temperature of incubation, and the time of incubation. Indeed, non-adherent plates yielded the highest cell count and lower cell counts were associated with a higher temperature and a longer time of incubation. Furthermore, the haemocytes functions such as the phagocytosis, the lysosomal content, the intracellular oxidative activity, and the mitochondria activity were also affected by the temperature and the time of incubation. An increase in the phagocytosis capacity, lysosomal content and mitochondria activity was observed with a higher temperature. At the exception of the phagocytosis rate, all the other parameters such as the phagocytosis capacity, the intracellular oxidative activity, and the lysosomal content increased with a longer incubation time. We also showed that it is best to optimise the amount of fluorochromes used to avoid unnecessary background or non-specific staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Dang
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6000, Australia.
| | - Ludovic Donaghy
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 Four), Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Annie Macnab
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6000, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Hosna Gholipour-Kanani
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6000, Australia
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Lv Z, Qiu L, Wang W, Liu Z, Liu Q, Wang L, Song L. RGD-Labeled Hemocytes With High Migration Activity Display a Potential Immunomodulatory Role in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914899. [PMID: 35865522 PMCID: PMC9294365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunocyte migration to infection sites is important for host cellular defense, but the main types of migrating hemocytes and their mechanisms against pathogen invasions are unclear in invertebrates. In the present study, a population of hemocytes in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas labeled with a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing peptide was sorted. RGD+ hemocytes were characterized by a smaller cell size and cytoplasmic-nucleo ratio, fewer cytoplasmic granules, and higher levels of myeloperoxidase, reactive oxygen species, and intracellular free calcium concentration. RGD+ hemocytes exhibited a high level of migration activity, which was further induced after V. splendidus infection. Transcriptome analysis revealed that RGD+ hemocytes highly expressed a series of migration-related genes, which together with migration-promoting genes were significantly upregulated after V. splendidus infection. The neuroendocrine system was also proven to regulate the migration activity of RGD+ hemocytes, especially with the excitatory neuroendocrine factor dopamine, which promoted migration activity as confirmed by receptor blocking assays. Meanwhile, RGD+ hemocytes could highly express immunomodulatory factor interleukin (IL)-17s and their receptor genes, which was positively related to the production of antimicrobial peptides in whole hemocytes after V. splendidus infection. Collectively, this study identified a specific hemocyte population, i.e., RGD+ hemocytes, that shows high migration activity in response to pathogen infection and exerts a potential immunomodulatory role by highly expressing IL-17s that might enhance the hemocytes’ antimicrobial peptide production in oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Lv
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Limei Qiu, ; Linsheng Song,
| | - Weilin Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Qing Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Limei Qiu, ; Linsheng Song,
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de la Ballina NR, Villalba A, Cao A. Shotgun analysis to identify differences in protein expression between granulocytes and hyalinocytes of the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:678-691. [PMID: 34748932 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recovery of wild populations of the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis is important for ecosystem health and conservation of this species, because native oyster populations have dramatically declined or disappeared in most European waters. Diseases have contributed to oyster decline and are important constrains for oyster recovery. Understanding oyster immune system should contribute to design effective strategies to fight oyster diseases. Haemocytes play a pivotal role in mollusc immune responses protecting from infection. Two main types of haemocytes, granulocytes and hyalinocytes, are distinguished in O. edulis. A study aiming to explore differential functions between both haemocyte types and, thus, to enrich the knowledge of Ostrea edulis immune system, was performed by comparing the proteome of the two haemolymph cell types, using a shotgun approach through liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). Cells from oyster haemolymph were differentially separated by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. Shotgun LC-MS/MS performance allowed the identification of 145 proteins in hyalinocytes and 138 in the proteome of granulocytes. After a comparative analysis, 55 proteins with main roles in defence were identified, from which 28 were representative of granulocytes and 27 of hyalinocytes, plus 11 proteins shared by both cell types. Different proteins involved in signal transduction, apoptosis, oxidative response, processes related with the cytoskeleton and structure, recognition and wound healing were identified as representatives of each haemocyte type. Important signalling pathways in the immune response such as MAPK, Ras and NF-κβ seemed to be more relevant for granulocytes, while the Wnt signalling pathway, particularly relevant for wound healing, more relevant in hyalinocytes. The differences in proteins involved in recognition and in cytoskeleton and structure suggest differential specialisation in processes of phagocytosis and internalisation of pathogens between haemocyte types. Apoptosis seemed more active in granulocytes. The differences in proteins involved in oxidative response also suggest different redox processes in each cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria R de la Ballina
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, 36620, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Antonio Villalba
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, 36620, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Spain.
| | - Asunción Cao
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, 36620, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
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Wang W, Wang C, Chen W, Ding S. Advances in immunological research of amphioxus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:103992. [PMID: 33387559 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amphioxus, one of the most closely related invertebrates to vertebrates, is an important animal model for studying the origin and evolution of vertebrate immunity, especially the transition from innate immunity to adaptive immunity. The current research progresses of amphioxus in the field of immune organs, immune cells, complement system, cytokines, nuclear factor kappa B, immune-related lectins and enzymes are summarized, and some issues that remain to be understood or are in need of further clarification are highlighted. We hope to provide references for more in-depth study of the amphioxus immune system and lay a solid foundation for the construction of three-dimensional immune network in amphioxus from ontogeny to phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Changliu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China; Yantai Productivity Promotion Center, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China
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Lu J, Shi Y, Yao T, Bai C, Jiang J, Ye L. Gender Differences in Hemocyte Immune Parameters of Hong Kong Oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis During Immune Stress. Front Immunol 2021; 12:659469. [PMID: 33868307 PMCID: PMC8044396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.659469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender differences in individual immune responses to external stimuli have been elucidated in many invertebrates. However, it is unclear if gender differences do exist in the Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis, one of the most valuable marine species cultivated along the coast of South China. To clarify this, we stimulated post-spawning adult C. hongkongensis with Vibrio harveyi and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Gender-based differences in some essential functional parameters of hemocytes were studied via flow cytometry. Obvious gender-, subpopulation-, and immune-specific alterations were found in the hemocyte immune parameters of C. hongkongensis. Three hemocyte subpopulations were identified: granulocytes, semi-granulocytes, and agranulocytes. Granulocytes, the chief phagocytes and major producers of esterase, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide, were the main immunocompetent hemocytes. Immune parameter alterations were notable in the accumulation of granulocyte esterase activities, lysosomal masses, nitric oxide levels, and granulocyte numbers in male oysters. These results suggest that post-spawning-phase male oysters possess a more powerful immune response than females. Gender and subpopulation differences in bivalve immune parameters should be considered in the future analysis of immune parameters when studying the impact of pathogenic or environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tuo Yao
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changming Bai
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingzhe Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingtong Ye
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Jia Z, Jiang S, Wang M, Wang X, Liu Y, Lv Z, Song X, Li Y, Wang L, Song L. Identification of a Novel Pattern Recognition Receptor DM9 Domain Containing Protein 4 as a Marker for Pro-Hemocyte of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas. Front Immunol 2021; 11:603270. [PMID: 33643289 PMCID: PMC7907646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DM9 refers to an uncharacterized protein domain that is originally discovered in Drosophila melanogaster. Two proteins with DM9 repeats have been recently identified from Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas as mannose-specific binding pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). In the present study, a novel member of DM9 domain containing protein (designated as CgDM9CP-4) was identified from C. gigas. CgDM9CP-4, about 16 kDa with only two tandem DM9 domains, was highly enriched in hemocytes and gill. The transcripts level of CgDM9CP-4 in circulating hemocytes were decreased after LPS, PGN and Vibrio splendidus stimulations. The recombinant protein of CgDM9CP-4 (rCgDM9CP-4) displayed a broad binding spectrum towards various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (LPS, PGN, β-glucan and Mannose) and microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, V. splendidus, V. anguillarum, Escherichia coli, Pichia pastoris and Yarrowia lipolytica). CgDM9CP-4 was mostly expressed in gill and some of the hemocytes. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the CgDM9CP-4-positive hemocytes accounted for 7.3% of the total hemocytes, and they were small in size and less in granularity. CgDM9CP-4 was highly expressed in non-phagocytes (~82% of total hemocytes). The reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression levels of cytokines in CgDM9CP-4-positive hemocytes were much lower than that in CgDM9CP-4-negative hemocytes. The mRNA expression level of CgDM9CP-4 in hemocytes was decreased after RNAi of hematopoietic-related factors (CgGATA, CgRunt, CgSCL, and CgNotch). In addition, CgDM9CP-4-positive cells were found to be much more abundant in hemocytes from gill than that from hemolymph, with most of them located in the gill filament. All these results suggested that CgDM9CP-4 was a novel member of PRR that expressed in undifferentiated pro-hemocytes to mediate immune recognition of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Jia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiudan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yiqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
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Van Nguyen T, Alfaro AC. Applications of flow cytometry in molluscan immunology: Current status and trends. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:239-248. [PMID: 31491532 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) is routinely used in fundamental and applied research, clinical practice, and clinical trials. In the last three decades, this technique has also become a routine tool used in immunological studies of molluscs to analyse physical and chemical characteristics of haemocytes. Here, we briefly review the current implementation of FCM in the field of molluscan immunology. These applications cover a diverse range of practices from straightforward total cell counts and cell viability to characterize cell subpopulations, and further extend to analyses of DNA content, phagocytosis, oxidative stress and apoptosis. The challenges and prospects of FCM applications in immunological studies of molluscs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Van Nguyen
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.
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Wu F, Xie Z, Yan M, Li Q, Song J, Hu M, Wang Y. Classification and characterization of hemocytes from two Asian horseshoe crab species Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7095. [PMID: 31068640 PMCID: PMC6506590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In present study, transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry were utilized to investigate the classification, characterization and immune functions of hemocytes from horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. Three types of hemocytes were distinguished respectively: the granular cell, the semi-granular cell and the hyaline cell by transmission electron microscopy, while three hemocyte subpopulations (Gate 1 cell, Gate 2 cell, Gate 3 cell) were classified by flow cytometry. Hyaline cell was the major cell type with the highest nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and granular cell and semi-granular cell showed lower ratios. Immune parameters of hemocytes in horseshoe crabs were investigated by flow cytometry. Different hemocyte subpopulations respond for diverse functions. Lysosomal contents and hemocyte mortality in Gate 3 cell subpopulation were higher than that in other subpopulations, while reactive oxygen species, phagocytosis and non-specific esterase, in Gate 1 cell subpopulation, were higher than those in other subpopulations. The hemocyte types between the two species had no significant differences in staining or morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Wu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Xie
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyan Yan
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongzhen Li
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Song
- Tianjin Era Biology Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. .,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Youji Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. .,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. .,Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China.
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11
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Lv Z, Qiu L, Liu Z, Wang W, Chen H, Jia Y, Jia Z, Jiang S, Wang L, Song L. Molecular characterization of a cathepsin L1 highly expressed in phagocytes of pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 89:152-162. [PMID: 30144489 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin L1 (CTSL1) is a lysosomal cysteine protease with a papain-like structure. It is known to be implicated in multiple processes of immune response against pathogen infection based on the proteolytic activity. In the present study, a CTSL1 homologue (designated as CgCTSL1) was identified from Crassostrea gigas. It contained a typically single Pept_C1 domain with three conserved catalytically essential residues (Gln25, His135 and Asn178). The mRNA of CgCTSL1 was ubiquitously expressed in oyster tissues with the highest expression level in important immune tissues such as gill and hemocytes. CgCTSL1 proteins were mainly detected in gill and hepatopancreas by immunohistochemistry. Recombinant CgCTSL1 (rCgCTSL1) exhibited proteolytic activity to cleave the substrate Ac-FR-amino-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin (AFC) in a dose-dependent manner, and the inhibitor could reduce its proteolytic activity. After the interference of CgCTSL1 mRNA, the proteolytic activity of oyster hemocytes was significantly down-regulated with the released AFC fluorescence value decreasing from 375.84 to 179.21 (p < 0.05). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the expression of CgCTSL1 protein was higher in phagocytes with the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) value of 21,187 (4.13-fold, p < 0.01) compared to the MFI value of 5,130 in non-phagocytic hemocytes. The further confocal analysis demonstrated that the actively phagocytic hemocytes with green bead signals were co-localized with stronger CgCTSL1 positive signals. The mRNA expression levels of CgCTSL1 in phagocyte-like sub-populations of granulocytes and semi-granulocytes were 298.12-fold (p < 0.01) and 2.75-fold (p < 0.01) of that in agranulocytes, respectively. Western blotting analysis of the hemocyte proteins revealed that CgCTSL1 was relatively abundant in granulocytes and semi-granulocytes compared to that in agranulocytes. These results collectively suggested that CgCTSL1, a CTSL1 homologue highly expressed in phagocyte-like hemocytes, was possibly involved in cellular immune response dependent on its conserved proteolytic activity, which might provide clues for the divergence between phagocytes and non-phagocytic hemocytes as well as the identification of promising molecular markers for phagocytes in oyster C. gigas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yunke Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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12
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Jiang S, Qiu L, Wang L, Jia Z, Lv Z, Wang M, Liu C, Xu J, Song L. Transcriptomic and Quantitative Proteomic Analyses Provide Insights Into the Phagocytic Killing of Hemocytes in the Oyster Crassostrea gigas. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1280. [PMID: 29942306 PMCID: PMC6005338 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
As invertebrates lack an adaptive immune system, they depend to a large extent on their innate immune system to recognize and clear invading pathogens. Although phagocytes play pivotal roles in invertebrate innate immunity, the molecular mechanisms underlying this killing remain unclear. Cells of this type from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas were classified efficiently in this study via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) based on their phagocytosis of FITC-labeled latex beads. Transcriptomic and quantitative proteomic analyses revealed a series of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proteins present in phagocytes; of the 352 significantly high expressed proteins identified here within the phagocyte proteome, 262 corresponding genes were similarly high expressed in the transcriptome, while 140 of 205 significantly low expressed proteins within the proteome were transcriptionally low expressed. A pathway crosstalk network analysis of these significantly high expressed proteins revealed that phagocytes were highly activated in a number of antimicrobial-related biological processes, including oxidation–reduction and lysosomal proteolysis processes. A number of DEGs, including oxidase, lysosomal protease, and immune receptors, were also validated in this study using quantitative PCR, while seven lysosomal cysteine proteases, referred to as cathepsin Ls, were significantly high expressed in phagocytes. Results show that the expression level of cathepsin L protein in phagocytes [mean fluorescence intensity (MFI): 327 ± 51] was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that in non-phagocytic hemocytes (MFI: 83 ± 26), while the cathepsin L protein was colocalized with the phagocytosed Vibrio splendidus in oyster hemocytes during this process. The results of this study collectively suggest that oyster phagocytes possess both potent oxidative killing and microbial disintegration capacities; these findings provide important insights into hemocyte phagocytic killing as a component of C. gigas innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Conghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
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13
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Wang L, Song X, Song L. The oyster immunity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:99-118. [PMID: 28587860 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oysters, the common name for a number of different bivalve molluscs, are the worldwide aquaculture species and also play vital roles in the function of ecosystem. As invertebrate, oysters have evolved an integrated, highly complex innate immune system to recognize and eliminate various invaders via an array of orchestrated immune reactions, such as immune recognition, signal transduction, synthesis of antimicrobial peptides, as well as encapsulation and phagocytosis of the circulating haemocytes. The hematopoietic tissue, hematopoiesis, and the circulating haemocytes have been preliminary characterized, and the detailed annotation of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas genome has revealed massive expansion and functional divergence of innate immune genes in this animal. Moreover, immune priming and maternal immune transfer are reported in oysters, suggesting the adaptability of invertebrate immunity. Apoptosis and autophagy are proved to be important immune mechanisms in oysters. This review will summarize the research progresses of immune system and the immunomodulation mechanisms of the primitive catecholaminergic, cholinergic, neuropeptides, GABAergic and nitric oxidase system, which possibly make oysters ideal model for studying the origin and evolution of immune system and the neuroendocrine-immune regulatory network in lower invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, DalianOcean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, DalianOcean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, DalianOcean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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14
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Jiang S, Wang L, Huang M, Jia Z, Weinert T, Warkentin E, Liu C, Song X, Zhang H, Witt J, Qiu L, Peng G, Song L. DM9 Domain Containing Protein Functions As a Pattern Recognition Receptor with Broad Microbial Recognition Spectrum. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1607. [PMID: 29238341 PMCID: PMC5712788 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DM9 domain was first identified in Drosophila melanogaster, and it was subsequently found to integrate with or without other protein domains across a wide range of invertebrates and vertebrates. In the present study, a member of DM9 domain containing protein (DM9CP) family from marine invertebrate Crassostrea gigas (designated CgDM9CP-1), which was only composed of two DM9 domains, was taken as a protein model to study the biological functions of DM9 domain and its molecular determinants. CgDM9CP-1 was found to exhibit high binding specificity and avidity toward d-mannose residue. It served as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) with a broad range of recognition spectrum to various pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including lipopolysaccharide, peptidylglycan, mannan, and β-1, 3-glucan in a d-mannose-dependent manner, as well as bacteria and fungi. In order to reveal the molecular mechanism underlying its pattern recognition activity, the crystal structures of wild-type and loss-of-function mutants were solved, and Asp22 and Lys43 were found to be the critical residues for ligand recognition. Moreover, CgDM9CP-1 protein was found to mainly distribute on the surface of C. gigas hemocytes, and it could be translocated into cytoplasm and colocalized with the engulfed microbes during hemocyte phagocytosis. The present result clearly indicated that CgDM9CP-1 was a PRR, and it provided an important clue for the better understanding of DM9CP function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Mengmeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Tobias Weinert
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Eberhard Warkentin
- Department of Molecular Membrane Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Conghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jennifer Witt
- Department of Molecular Membrane Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Limei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guohong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Department of Molecular Membrane Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
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15
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Jia Z, Wang L, Jiang S, Sun M, Wang M, Yi Q, Song L. Functional characterization of hemocytes from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis by flow cytometry. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 69:15-25. [PMID: 28826623 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hemocytes comprise a diversity of cell types with functional and structural heterogeneity, and they play key roles in the host defense of invertebrates. In the present study, the hemocytes from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis were directly separated into two groups by flow cytometry. The hemocytes in P1 group were full of round and abundant granules with deeply staining cytoplasm, while P2 hemocytes were more diverse with a wide range of sizes and less granularity. Both P1 and P2 hemocytes exhibited phagocytic ability, but the phagocytic rate of P1 hemocytes increased which was significantly higher than that of P2 hemocytes after LPS stimulations. The levels of ROS production and intracellular Calcium as well as lysosome content were higher in P1 hemocytes than that in P2 hemocytes under both normal and immune-activated situations. The genes involved in phagocytosis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were mainly expressed in P1 hemocytes, while the genes involved in proPO activation system were highly expressed in P2 hemocytes. These results collectively suggested that P1 hemocytes were the main immunocompetent hemocytes in Chinese mitten crab and P2 hemocytes mainly participated in proPO activation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingzhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qilin Yi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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