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Esteban MÁ. A review of soluble factors and receptors involved in fish skin immunity: The tip of the iceberg. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109311. [PMID: 38128682 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The immune system of fish possesses soluble factors, receptors, pathways and cells very similar to those of the other vertebrates' immune system. Throughout evolutionary history, the exocrine secretions of organisms have accumulated a large reservoir of soluble factors that serve to protect organisms from microbial pathogens that could disrupt mucosal barrier homeostasis. In parallel, a diverse set of recognition molecules have been discovered that alert the organism to the presence of pathogens. The known functions of both the soluble factors and receptors mentioned above encompass critical aspects of host defense, such as pathogen binding and neutralization, opsonization, or modulation of inflammation if present. The molecules and receptors cooperate and are able to initiate the most appropriate immune response in an attempt to eliminate pathogens before host infection can begin. Furthermore, these recognition molecules, working in coordination with soluble defence factors, collaboratively erect a robust and perfectly coordinated defence system with complementary specificity, activity and tissue distribution. This intricate network constitutes an immensely effective defence mechanism for fish. In this context, the present review focuses on some of the main soluble factors and recognition molecules studied in the last decade in the skin mucosa of teleost fish. However, knowledge of these molecules is still very limited in all teleosts. Therefore, further studies are suggested throughout the review that would help to better understand the functions in which the proteins studied are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Tian HF, Xing J, Tang XQ, Chi H, Sheng XZ, Zhan WB. Cluster of differentiation antigens: essential roles in the identification of teleost fish T lymphocytes. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:303-316. [PMID: 37073166 PMCID: PMC10077257 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-022-00136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens are cell surface molecules expressed on leukocytes and other cells associated with the immune system. Antibodies that react with CD antigens are known to be one of the most essential tools for identifying leukocyte subpopulations. T lymphocytes, as an important population of leukocytes, play essential roles in the adaptive immune system. Many of the CD antigens expressed on T lymphocytes are used as surface markers for T lymphocyte classification, including CD3, CD4 and CD8 molecules. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the identification of CD molecules on T lymphocytes in teleosts, with emphasis on the functions of CD markers in the classification of T lymphocyte subsets. We notice that genes encoding CD3, co-receptors CD4 and CD8 have been cloned in several fish species and antibodies have been developed to study protein expression in morphological and functional contexts. T lymphocytes can be divided into CD4+ and CD8+ cells discriminated by the expression of CD4 and CD8 molecules in teleost, which are functionally similar to mammalian helper T cells (Th) and cytotoxic T cells (Tc), respectively. Further studies are still needed on the particular characteristics of teleost T cell repertoires and adaptive responses, and results will facilitate the health management and development of vaccines for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-fei Tian
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Xiao-qian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Xiu-zhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Wen-bin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237 China
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Li Y, Wang B, Wang ZW, Huang Y, Jian JC, Lu YS. Molecular cloning, characterization and expression profiles of CD2AP in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) responding to Streptococcus agalactiae infection and interaction with CD2 cytoplasmic segment. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 101:205-215. [PMID: 32247045 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) and CD2 plays a vital role in lymphocyte adhesion and T cells activation in mammals. In this study, a CD2AP gene (GenBank accession number: MK579862; designated as On-CD2AP) was identified from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Sequence analysis showed that On-CD2AP protein shares high similarity with mammals, including three Src homology 3 (SH3) domains, a section of poly proline motif and a coiled coil region. Transcription levels of On-CD2AP were detected in nine tissues of healthy Nile tilapia, and the highest expression levels were detected in the spleen and gill. On-CD2AP were significantly up-regulated in thymus, head kidney and brain after infected by Streptococcus agalactiae, as well as in head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) with LPS and LTA stimulation. Moreover, a section conserved pro-rich motif that are responsible for binding of CD2 to CD2AP were found in the CD2 cytoplasmic sequence of Nile tilapia (On-CD2C). A weak interaction between On-CD2AP and On-CD2C was proved by yeast two-hybrid assay. In addition, the recombinant proteins of CD2AP-His (rOn-CD2AP-His) and GST-CD2C (GST-rOn-CD2C) were obtained through prokaryotic expression system. His pull-down assay showed that rOn-CD2AP-His and GST-rOn-CD2C could bind to each other. These findings indicate that CD2AP is crucial in immune response during S.agalactiae infection, and the mechanism of interaction between CD2AP and CD2 is conservative in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China; Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China; Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Zhi-Wen Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China; Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China; Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ji-Chang Jian
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi-Shan Lu
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China; Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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Cho DH, Kim MC, Park CI. Expression analysis data of T-cell surface antigen CD2 gene from rock bream ( Oplegnathus fasciatus). Data Brief 2019; 24:103832. [PMID: 30997371 PMCID: PMC6451685 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.103832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This data article reports the expression level of T-cell surface antigen CD2 gene in organs from normal rock bream through quantitative real-time PCR. We also report the expression level of CD2 gene when anthropogenic infection with bacterial or viral pathogens was induced. The expression pattern of CD2 gene in normal rock bream was proved to be highly expressed in hematopoietic cells involved in the production and development of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and immune cells. It also proved that it maintains high expression for normal immunity in gills, skin, and intestines exposed directly to the environment. The expression pattern of CD2 gene in pathogenic infection has proven that CD2 is a factor involved in immunity. These data are considered to be a basic study of teleost immune system and will contribute to the study of fish blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hee Cho
- Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Chan Kim
- Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong 650-160, Republic of Korea
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