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Aini N, Putri DSYR, Achhlam DH, Fatimah F, Andriyono S, Hariani D, Do HDK, Wahyuningsih SPA. Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus casei to increase growth performance and immune system of catfish ( Clarias gariepinus) due to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Vet World 2024; 17:602-611. [PMID: 38680146 PMCID: PMC11045519 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.602-611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Catfish has a high economic value and is popular among consumers. To ensure well-stocked catfish stocks, good fisheries management must also be ensured. The high demand for catfish must be supplemented by preventive measures against pathogenic bacterial infections using probiotics with high potential for Lactobacillus casei and Bacillus subtilis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of probiotic supplementation consisting of a combination of L. casei and B. subtilis probiotics on the growth, immune system, water quality, proximate value of feed, and body composition of catfish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Materials and Methods This study used a completely randomized study with eight treatments and three replications. The manipulated factor was the probiotic concentration [0% (A), 0.5% (B), 10% (C), and 15% (D)] in groups of catfish infected and uninfected with A. hydrophila. Combination of B. subtilis, and L. casei that were used in a 1:1 ratio of 108 colony forming unit/mL. The study lasted for 42 days. On the 35th day, A. hydrophila was infected by intramuscular injection into fish. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics) was used to analyze data on growth, immune system, and water quality. Results Providing probiotics in feed can increase the nutritional value of feed based on proximate test results. There were significant differences in average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival rate (SR) parameters in the group of catfish infected with A. hydrophila (p > 0.05); however, there were no significant differences in final body weight, specific growth rate (SGR), and percentage weight gain. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels were significantly different between treatments C and D. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α parameters were significantly different between treatments A and C, whereas the phagocytic activity of treatment A was significantly different from that of treatment D. There was a significant difference (p > 0.05) in the growth parameters of SGR, ADG, and FCR in the group of fish that were not infected with A. hydrophila, with the best treatment being a probiotic concentration of 15%, but there was no significant difference in the SR parameters. IL-1β and TNF-α levels significantly differed between E and E0 (15% probiotics) but were not significantly different in terms of phagocytosis parameters. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that using a combination of probiotics L. casei and B. subtilis can improve the growth, immune system, water quality, proximate value of feed, and body composition of catfish infected with A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Aini
- Doctoral Mathematics and Natural Sciences Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Agricultural Technology, KH University. A. Wahab Hasbullah, Jombang, Indonesia
| | | | - Divany Hunaimatul Achhlam
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Fatimah Fatimah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- University Center of Excellence Research Center for Bio-Molecule Engineering, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sapto Andriyono
- Department of Marine, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Hariani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Surabaya State University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hoang Dang Khoa Do
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Zhang M, Zhang T, He Y, Cui H, Li H, Xu Z, Wang X, Liu Y, Li H, Zhao X, Cheng H, Xu J, Chen X, Ding Z. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of OmpA subunit vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Megalobrama amblycephala: An effective alternative to the inactivated vaccine. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133742. [PMID: 36969197 PMCID: PMC10034085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a kind of zoonotic pathogen, which can cause bacterial septicemia in fish and bring huge economic losses to global aquaculture. Outer membrane proteins (Omps) are conserved antigens of Aeromonas hydrophila, which can be developed as subunit vaccines. To evaluate the protective efficacy of inactivated vaccine and recombinant outer membrane protein A (OmpA) subunit vaccine against A. hydrophila in juvenile Megalobrama amblycephala, the present study investigated the immunogenicity and protective effects of both vaccines, as well as the non-specific and specific immune response of M. amblycephala. Compared with the non-vaccinated group, both inactivated and OmpA subunit vaccines improved the survival rate of M. amblycephala upon infection. The protective effects of OmpA vaccine groups were better than that of the inactivated vaccine groups, which should be attributed to the reduced bacterial load and enhanced host immunity in the vaccinated fish. ELISA assay showed that the titer of serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) specific to A. hydrophila up-regulated significantly in the OmpA subunit vaccine groups at 14 d post infection (dpi), which should contribute to better immune protective effects. In addition, vaccination enhanced host bactericidal abilities might also attribute to the regulation of the activities of hepatic and serum antimicrobial enzymes. Moreover, the expression of immune-related genes (SAA, iNOS, IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF α, C3, MHC I, MHC II, CD4, CD8, TCR α, IgM, IgD and IgZ) increased in all groups post infection, which was more significant in the vaccinated groups. Furthermore, the number of immunopositive cells exhibiting different epitopes (CD8, IgM, IgD and IgZ) that were detected by immunohistochemical assay had increased in the vaccinated groups post infection. These results show that vaccination effectively stimulated host immune response (especially OmpA vaccine groups). In conclusion, these results indicated that both the inactivated vaccine and OmpA subunit vaccine could protect juvenile M. amblycephala against A. hydrophila infection, of which OmpA subunit vaccine provided more effective immune protection and can be used as an ideal candidate for the A. hydrophila vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minying Zhang
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yang He
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Hujun Cui
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hong Li
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Zehua Xu
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hongping Li
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaoheng Zhao
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hanliang Cheng
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jianhe Xu
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiangning Chen
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhujin Ding
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Lianyungang, China
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Li J, Ma S, Li Z, Yu W, Zhou P, Ye X, Islam MS, Zhang YA, Zhou Y, Li J. Construction and Characterization of an Aeromonas hydrophila Multi-Gene Deletion Strain and Evaluation of Its Potential as a Live-Attenuated Vaccine in Grass Carp. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050451. [PMID: 34063680 PMCID: PMC8147641 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is an important pathogen that causes motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS) in the aquaculture industry. Aerolysin, hemolysin, serine protease and enterotoxins are considered to be the major virulence factors of A. hydrophila. In this study, we constructed a five-gene (aerA, hly, ahp, alt and ast) deletion mutant strain (named Aeromonas hydrophila five-gene deletion strain, AHFGDS) to observe the biological characteristics and detect its potential as a live-attenuated vaccine candidate. AHFGDS displayed highly attenuated and showed increased susceptibility to fish blood and skin mucus killing, while the wild-type strain ZYAH72 was highly virulent. In zebrafish (Danio rerio), AHFGDS showed a 240-fold higher 50% lethal dose (LD50) than that of the wild-type strain. Immunization with AHFGDS by intracelomic injection or immersion routes both provided grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) significant protection against the challenge of the strain ZYAH72 or J-1 and protected the fish organs from serious injury. Further agglutinating antibody titer test supported that AHFGDS could elicit a host-adaptive immune response. These results suggested the potential of AHFGDS to serve as a live-attenuated vaccine to control A. hydrophila infection in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (S.M.); (W.Y.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.-A.Z.)
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shilin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (S.M.); (W.Y.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.-A.Z.)
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.L.); (M.S.I.); (J.L.)
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (S.M.); (W.Y.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.-A.Z.)
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (S.M.); (W.Y.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.-A.Z.)
| | - Xiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (S.M.); (W.Y.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.-A.Z.)
| | - Md. Sharifull Islam
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.L.); (M.S.I.); (J.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (S.M.); (W.Y.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.-A.Z.)
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (S.M.); (W.Y.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.-A.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87282113; Fax: +86-27-87282114
| | - Jinquan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.L.); (M.S.I.); (J.L.)
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Lange MD, Abernathy J, Shoemaker CA, Zhang D, Kirby A, Peatman E, Beck BH. Proteome analysis of virulent Aeromonas hydrophila reveals the upregulation of iron acquisition systems in the presence of a xenosiderophore. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5921178. [PMID: 33045069 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium, Aeromonas hydrophila, has been responsible for extensive losses in the catfish industry for over a decade. Due to this impact, there are ongoing efforts to understand the basic mechanisms that contribute to virulent A. hydrophila (vAh) outbreaks. Recent challenge models demonstrated that vAh cultured in the presence of the iron chelating agent deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) were more virulent to channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Interestingly, differential gene expression of select iron acquisition genes was unremarkable between DFO and non-DFO cultures, posing the question: why the increased virulence? The current work sought to evaluate growth characteristics and protein expression of vAh after the addition of DFO. A comparative proteome analysis revealed differentially expressed proteins among tryptic soy broth (TSB) and TSB + DFO treatments. Upregulated proteins identified among the TSB + DFO treatment were enriched for gene ontology groups including iron ion transport, siderophore transport and siderophore uptake transport, all iron acquisition pathways. Protein-protein interactions were also evaluated among the differentially expressed proteins and predicted that many of the upregulated iron acquisition proteins likely form functional physiological networks. The proteome analysis of the vAh reveals valuable information about the basic biological processes likely leading to increased virulence during iron restriction in this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Lange
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 36832 USA
| | - Jason Abernathy
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, P.O. Box 1050, 2955 Hwy. 130 East, Stuttgart, AR, 72160 USA
| | - Craig A Shoemaker
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 36832 USA
| | - Dunhua Zhang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 36832 USA
| | - Augustus Kirby
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Aquatic Genetics and Genomics, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849 USA
| | - Eric Peatman
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Aquatic Genetics and Genomics, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849 USA
| | - Benjamin H Beck
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 36832 USA
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Vaz Farias TH, Arijo S, Medina A, Pala G, da Rosa Prado EJ, Montassier HJ, Pilarski F, Antonio de Andrade Belo M. Immune responses induced by inactivated vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila in pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 101:186-191. [PMID: 32247044 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is responsible for outbreaks of a severe infectious disease in fish farms around the world and is one of the major causes of economic losses to the neotropical fish farmers. This study assessed the induction of immune responses and protection against A. hydrophila in pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, vaccinated through intraperitoneal and immersion route with inactivated virulent strain. Fish were randomly distributed in three vaccinated groups: intraperitoneal (i.p.) route; immersion; and immersion + booster; and control group (unvaccinated). All vaccination protocols used the concentration of 1.7 × 108 CFU mL-1 of inactivated A. hydrophila., and an oil adjuvant was used for vaccine prepararion for i.p. route vaccination. Blood and skin mucus from 9 fishes per treatment were collected at 14, 28, 42 and 84 days post-vaccination (DPV) for determination of lysozyme concentration in skin mucus, as well as antibodies anti-A. hydrophila in blood serum and skin mucus. Fish were challenged at 84 DPV with homologous and virulent strain of A. hydrophila for evaluation of resistance against bacterial infection. The results demonstrated that vaccination with inactivated A. hydrophila suspension by i.p. or immersion resulted in significant increase of skin mucus lysozyme and specific antibody levels in serum and skin mucus, at 28 and 42 DPV, and this increase in innate and adaptive immunity remained significant in pacu vaccinated through i.p. route up to 84 DPV. Although no significant differences were observed in the survival study, pacu vaccinated through i.p. route presented 31,33% of relative percentage survival (RPS) in LD50-96h when compared unvaccinated fish challenged at 84 DPV. The results observed in this study indicate that vaccination programs with inactivated A. hydrophila, including booster doses by i.p. or immersion routes, could result in more effective protection in pacu against this bacteriosis, by increasing innate and adaptive mucosal and systemic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Heloisa Vaz Farias
- Laboratory of Aquatic Organisms Pathology (Lapoa), Aquaculture Center from UNESP (CAUNESP), Rodovia de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Salvador Arijo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Alberto Medina
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Gabriela Pala
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rodovia de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, CEP 14884-012, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ed Jhonny da Rosa Prado
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rodovia de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, CEP 14884-012, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Hélio José Montassier
- Department of Microbiology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rodovia de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, CEP 14884-012, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Pilarski
- Laboratory of Aquatic Organisms Pathology (Lapoa), Aquaculture Center from UNESP (CAUNESP), Rodovia de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio de Andrade Belo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rodovia de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, CEP 14884-012, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Animal Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brazil University, Av. Hilário da Silva Passos, 950, CEP.13690-000, Descalvado, SP, Brazil.
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Zhang Z, Liu G, Ma R, Qi X, Wang G, Zhu B, Ling F. The immunoprotective effect of whole-cell lysed inactivated vaccine with SWCNT as a carrier against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in grass carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:336-343. [PMID: 31874296 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a strong gram-negative bacterium that can cause a mass death of grass carp, and result in the huge economic loss. Development of practical vaccines is the best way to control the outbreak of this bacterial disease. In this study, a whole-cell inactivated vaccine was obtained via sonication, and then single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was used to link to the bacterial lysate (BL) for a novel vaccine (SWCNTs-BL). A total of 400 fish were vaccinated with BL and SWCNTs-BL via immersion (5, 10 mg L-1) or injection (5, 10 μg/fish) before challenge with live A. hydrophila at the 28 days post immunization (d.p.i.). The results showed that the antibody titer, enzymatic activity, expression of some immune-related genes (especially IgM and TNF-α) and RPS of fish in the injection groups were significantly increased compared to the control group after 28 d.p.i. For the immersion groups, immunological parameters were increased compared to the control group. Furthermore, the immuno-protective effects of SWCNTs-BL were better than BL. The above results indicated that BL of A. hydrophila can effectively induce specific immune response of grass carp, and BL linked with functionalized SWCNTs could enhance the protective effect of immersion immunization. Our results may provide a practical vaccine, with a simple production, to fight against bacterial diseases in aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Gaoyang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaozhou Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Gaoxue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Fei Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Review on Immersion Vaccines for Fish: An Update 2019. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120627. [PMID: 31795391 PMCID: PMC6955699 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immersion vaccines are used for a variety of aquacultured fish to protect against infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses. During immersion vaccination the antigens are taken up by the skin, gills or gut and processed by the immune system, where the resulting response may lead to protection. The lack of classical secondary responses following repeated immersion vaccination may partly be explained by the limited uptake of antigens by immersion compared to injection. Administration of vaccines depends on the size of the fish. In most cases, immersion vaccination is inferior to injection vaccination with regard to achieved protection. However, injection is problematic in small fish, and fry as small as 0.5 gram may be immersion vaccinated when they are considered adaptively immunocompetent. Inactivated vaccines are, in many cases, weakly immunogenic, resulting in low protection after immersion vaccination. Therefore, during recent years, several studies have focused on different ways to augment the efficacy of these vaccines. Examples are booster vaccination, administration of immunostimulants/adjuvants, pretreatment with low frequency ultrasound, use of live attenuated and DNA vaccines, preincubation in hyperosmotic solutions, percutaneous application of a multiple puncture instrument and application of more suitable inactivation chemicals. Electrostatic coating with positively charged chitosan to obtain mucoadhesive vaccines and a more efficient delivery of inactivated vaccines has also been successful.
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Ding C, Liu Q, Li J, Ma J, Wang S, Dong Q, Xu D, Qiu J, Wang X. Attenuated Listeria monocytogenes protecting zebrafish (Danio rerio) against Vibrio species challenge. Microb Pathog 2019; 132:38-44. [PMID: 30986451 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Live attenuated bacteria is a promising candidate vector for the delivery of vaccines in clinic trials. In the field of aquaculture industry, live vector vaccine also could provide long-term and effective protection against fish bacterial diseases. In our previous work, we demonstrated attenuated Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) had the potential to be an aquaculture vaccine vector in cellular level and zebrafish model. To further investigate the potential application of attenuated Lm in aquaculture vaccines, the outer membrane protein K (OmpK) from Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus), as a conservative protective antigen, was fused to a new antigen-delivery system, and introduced into double-gene attenuated Lm strain (EGDe-ΔactA/inlB, Lmdd) to get live-vector vaccine strain Lmdd-OmpK. The strain Lmdd-OmpK showed the stable secrete efficacy of OmpK and was tested the cross-protective immunity against Vibrio species. After intraperitoneal administration in zebrafish, Lmdd and Lmdd-OmpK strain both improved the survival rates of zebrafish infected by V. parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus) and Vibrio anguillarum (V. anguillarum), respectively. In summary, attenuated Lm is able to protect zebrafish against Vibrio species challenge, illustrating its potential value for further aquaculture vaccines development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchao Ding
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Junfei Ma
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Shuying Wang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Dongpo Xu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Jingxuan Qiu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China.
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