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Khalifa HA, Sharawy E, Younis EM, Abdelwarith AA, Ibrahim RE, Amer SA, Davies SJ, Abo-Elmaaty AMA. The therapeutic role of Azadirachta indica leaves ethanolic extract against detrimental effects of Aeromonas veronii infection in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1445-1460. [PMID: 38795269 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens cause high fish mortalities and in turn economic losses in fish farms. Innovative strategies should be applied to control bacterial infections instead of antibiotics to avoid the resistance problem. Consequently, the present investigation studied the curative potential of Azadirachta indica leave ethanolic extract (AILEE) on Aeromonas veronii infection in Oreochromis niloticus. A preliminary trial was assessed to evaluate the curative dose of AILEE which was found to be 2.5 mg/L. One hundred and sixty fish were divided into equal four groups in four replications, where group 1 and group 2 were non-challenged and treated with 0- and 2.5-mg/L AILEE, respectively. Group 3 and group 4 were challenged with A. veronii and treated with 0- and 2.5-mg/L AILEE, respectively for 10 days. A. veronii infection produced severe clinical manifestations and a high mortality rate in the infected fish. Furthermore, the infected fish exhibited a significant rise in the hepatorenal indices (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and creatinine), the oxidant biomarker (malondialdehyde), and the stress indicators (glucose and cortisol). A significant reduction in the protein profile and antioxidant/immune parameters (catalase, immunoglobulin M, lysozyme, nitric oxide, and phagocytic activity) was observed in the infected fish. Water application of the infected group to 2.5-mg/L AILEE notably ameliorated the hepatorenal indices, the oxidant biomarker, and the stress indicators. Furthermore, AILEE improved the antioxidant/immune indices. Water application of 2.5-mg/L AILEE could be useful against A. veronii infection in O. niloticus culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A Khalifa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Esraa Sharawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Elsayed M Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelwahab A Abdelwarith
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rowida E Ibrahim
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa A Amer
- Departments of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Simon J Davies
- Aquaculture Nutrition Research Unit ANRU, College of Science and Engineering, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, H91V8Y1, Ireland
| | - Azza M A Abo-Elmaaty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Li H, Liu H, Bi L, Liu Y, Jin L, Peng R. Immunotoxicity of microplastics in fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 150:109619. [PMID: 38735599 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Plastic waste degrades slowly in aquatic environments, transforming into microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), which are subsequently ingested by fish and other aquatic organisms, causing both physical blockages and chemical toxicity. The fish immune system serves as a crucial defense against viruses and pollutants present in water. It is imperative to comprehend the detrimental effects of MPs on the fish immune system and conduct further research on immunological assessments. In this paper, the immune response and immunotoxicity of MPs and its combination with environmental pollutants on fish were reviewed. MPs not only inflict physical harm on the natural defense barriers like fish gills and vital immune organs such as the liver and intestinal tract but also penetrate cells, disrupting intracellular signaling pathways, altering the levels of immune cytokines and gene expression, perturbing immune homeostasis, and ultimately compromising specific immunity. Initially, fish exposed to MPs recruit a significant number of macrophages and T cells while activating lysosomes. Over time, this exposure leads to apoptosis of immune cells, a decline in lysosomal degradation capacity, lysosomal activity, and complement levels. MPs possess a small specific surface area and can efficiently bind with heavy metals, organic pollutants, and viruses, enhancing immune responses. Hence, there is a need for comprehensive studies on the shape, size, additives released from MPs, along with their immunotoxic effects and mechanisms in conjunction with other pollutants and viruses. These studies aim to solidify existing knowledge and delineate future research directions concerning the immunotoxicity of MPs on fish, which has implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Li
- Affiliation: Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Huanpeng Liu
- Affiliation: Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Liuliu Bi
- Affiliation: Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yinai Liu
- Affiliation: Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Libo Jin
- Affiliation: Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Renyi Peng
- Affiliation: Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Bao R, Cheng Z, Peng L, Mehmood T, Gao L, Zhuo S, Wang L, Su Y. Effects of biodegradable and conventional microplastics on the intestine, intestinal community composition, and metabolic levels in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 265:106745. [PMID: 37944327 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite growing interest in conventional microplastics (CMPs) and their toxicological effects on aquatic species, little is known about biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) and their corresponding implications for aquatic life. Here, tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) were semi-statically exposed for 14 days to the bio-based plastic polylactic acid (PLA, 100 μg/L, 2.52 ± 0.46 μm) and the petroleum-based plastic polyvinyl chloride (PVC, 100 μg/L, 1.58 ± 0.36 μm). The results showed that ingesting the above two types of microplastics (MPs) led to oxidative stress in the fish gut, and damage to gut tissues and organelles, and PLA resulted in more obvious gut tissue edema than PVC. Furthermore, PLA caused increased levels of gut microbiota dysbiosis and a decrease in the abundance of the genus Cetobacterium, which is linked to vitamin B-12 synthesis, whereas an opposite relationship was observed on PVC. Metabolomic analysis indicated that PVC caused a significant down-regulation of orotic acid, co-metabolite of folic acid with vitamin B-12, while PLA did not affect orotic acid, which may lead to the accumulation of folic acid in fish. The joint analysis found that MPs disturbed gut metabolism homeostasis, implying that abnormal gut microbiota metabolites may be a key mechanism for MPs to induce tissue damage and oxidative stress in the gut. Overall, this study systematically illustrates the differential toxic effects of BMPs and CMPs on tilapia through gut microbiota and metabolite interactions, which will contribute to assessing the risks of BMPs to organismal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Bao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province (Hainan University), Haikou, Hainan Province 570228, PR China
| | - Zhiruo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province (Hainan University), Haikou, Hainan Province 570228, PR China
| | - Licheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province (Hainan University), Haikou, Hainan Province 570228, PR China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province 570228, PR China.
| | - Tariq Mehmood
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province (Hainan University), Haikou, Hainan Province 570228, PR China
| | - Liu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province (Hainan University), Haikou, Hainan Province 570228, PR China
| | - Shengchi Zhuo
- Eternal Materials Co., Ltd. Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215000, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Eternal Materials Co., Ltd. Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215000, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province (Hainan University), Haikou, Hainan Province 570228, PR China
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Zhang YK, Yang BK, Zhang CN, Xu SX, Sun P. Effects of polystyrene microplastics acute exposure in the liver of swordtail fish (Xiphophorus helleri) revealed by LC-MS metabolomics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157772. [PMID: 35934030 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As global pollution, microplastics pollution has aroused growing concerns. In our experiment, the effect of microplastics acute exposure on the liver of swordtail fish was investigated by using LC-MS metabolomics. Fishes treated with high concentration polystyrene microspheres (1 μm) for 72 h were divided into three concentration groups: (A) no microplastics, (B): 1 × 106 microspheres L-1, (C): 1 × 107 microspheres L-1. Metabolomic analysis indicated that exposure to microplastics caused alterations of metabolic profiles in swordtail fish, including 37 differential metabolites were identified in B vs. A, screened out ten significant metabolites, which involved 14 metabolic pathways. One hundred three differential metabolites were identified in C vs. A, screened out 16 significant metabolites, which involved 30 metabolic pathways. Six significant metabolites were overlapping in group B vs. A and C vs. A; they are 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, l-histidine, citrulline, linoleic acid, pantothenate, and xanthine. In addition, four metabolic pathways are overlapping in group B vs. A and C vs. A; they are beta-alanine metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, linoleic acid metabolism, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. These differential metabolites were involved in oxidative stress, immune function, energy metabolism, sugar metabolism, lipid metabolism, molecule transport, and weakened feed utilization, growth performance, nutrient metabolism, and animal growth. Furthermore, we found that the number of interfered amino acids and microplastics showed a dose-effect. In summary, great attention should be paid to the potential impact of microplastics on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Kun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China; College of Life Science Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Bing-Kun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Chun-Nuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Shi-Xiao Xu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Ping Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China.
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Yang H, Zhang P, Xie M, Luo J, Zhang J, Zhang G, Wang Y, Lin H, Ji Z. Parallel Metabolomic Profiling of Cerebrospinal Fluid, Plasma, and Spinal Cord to Identify Biomarkers for Spinal Cord Injury. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:126-135. [PMID: 34498202 PMCID: PMC8755701 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01903-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Loss of physical and emotional health due to spinal cord injury (SCI) has been rapidly increasing worldwide. Effective evaluation of the severity of SCI is crucial to its prognosis. Herein, we constructed rat models of SCI with four different degrees of injury (sham group, light injury group, moderate injury group, and heavy injury group), using the surgical approach. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, and spinal cord were sampled at the sub-acute spinal cord (72 h post-injury) from each rat. The LC-MS-based metabolic profiling of these samples was performed according to a universal metabolome standard (UMS). The results demonstrated that 130, 104, and 128 metabolites were significantly altered within the CSF, plasma, and spinal cord samples, respectively. Among them, there were four differential metabolites, including uric acid, phosphorycholine, pyridoxine, and guanidoacetic acid, which were commonly identified within the CSF, plasma, and spinal cord samples. Further pathway analysis of these differential metabolites demonstrated a disturbance in the metabolism of glyoxylate and dicarboxylate and glycine, serine, and threonine which were associated with pathophysiologic consequence of spinal cord injury. In particular, phosphorycholine, pyridoxine, and guanidoacetic acid demonstrated a relationship with SCI severity. Thus, they could be utilized as potential metabolite biomarkers for SCI severity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.601 West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Pengwei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.601 West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jianxian Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.601 West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.601 West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.601 West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.601 West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Zhisheng Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.601 West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Li C, Yang MC, Hong PP, Zhao XF, Wang JX. Metabolomic Profiles in the Intestine of Shrimp Infected by White Spot Syndrome Virus and Antiviral Function of the Metabolite Linoleic Acid in Shrimp. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2075-2087. [PMID: 33863791 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a threatening pathogenic virus in shrimp culture, and at present, no effective strategy can prevent and control the disease. Intestinal flora and its metabolites are important for the resistance of shrimp to lethal pathogenic viruses. However, the changes of metabolites in the shrimp intestines after WSSV infection remain unclear. We established an artificial oral infection method to infect shrimp with WSSV and analyzed the metabolites in intestinal content of shrimp by HPLC and tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 78 different metabolites and five different metabolic pathways were identified. Among them, we found that the content of linoleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid, increased significantly after WSSV infection, indicating that linoleic acid might be involved in antiviral immunity in shrimp. Further study showed that, after oral administration of linoleic acid, WSSV proliferation decreased evidently in the shrimp, and survival rate of the shrimp increased significantly. Mechanical analysis showed that linoleic acid directly bound to WSSV virions and inhibited the viral replication. Linoleic acid also promoted the expression of antimicrobial peptides and IFN-like gene Vago5 by activating the ERK-NF-κB signaling pathway. Our results indicated that WSSV infection caused metabolomic transformation of intestinal microbiota and that the metabolite linoleic acid participated in the immune response against WSSV in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; and
| | - Ming-Chong Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; and
| | - Pan-Pan Hong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; and
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; and
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; and .,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Effects of dietary organic acids and nature identical compounds on growth, immune parameters and gut microbiota of European sea bass. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21321. [PMID: 33288837 PMCID: PMC7721706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A 71-day study was conducted to explore the effect of increasing dietary levels (0, 250, 500, 1000 mg kg feed−1; D0, D250, D500 and D1000, respectively) of a blend of microencapsulated organic acids (OA, specifically citric and sorbic acid) and nature identical compounds (NIC, specifically thymol and vanillin), on growth, intestinal immune parameters and gut microbiota (GM) of European sea bass juveniles reared under normal and subsequently suboptimal environmental conditions (high temperature, 30.0 ± 0.4 °C and low oxygen, 4.6 ± 0.6 mg L−1). OA and NIC did not promote growth, feed utilisation and feed intake at the inclusion tested but induced a significantly upregulation of IL-8, IL-10 and TGFβ. GM analyzed by next-generation sequencing showed that OA and NIC were able to exert prebiotic properties stimulating the development of beneficial bacteria taxa such as Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Bacillus sp. Picrust analyses displayed a significant potential functional reconfiguration of GM promoting a decrease in inflammation-promoting and homeostatic functions at increasing OA and NIC administration. For the first time on this species the exposure to suboptimal rearing conditions was able to modify GM structure reducing LAB and increasing Proteobacteria, findings which were consistent with the inflammatory process observed at mRNA level.
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