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He J, Yu Y, Liu W, Li Z, Qi Z, Weng S, Guo C, He J. Molecular mechanism of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus in manipulating the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway to augment virus replication. Virulence 2024; 15:2349027. [PMID: 38680083 PMCID: PMC11085990 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2349027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), a member of the genus Megalocytivirus in the family Iridoviridae, can infect over 50 fish species and cause significant economic losses in Asia. Our previous study showed that hypoxia triggers the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway (HIF-pathway), leading to increased replication of ISKNV through promoting the upregulation of viral hypoxic response genes like orf077r. This study delved into the molecular mechanism of how ISKNV manipulates the HIF-pathway to enhance its replication. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that ISKNV infection activated the HIF-pathway, which in turn promoted ISKNV replication. These findings suggest that ISKNV actively manipulates the HIF-pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that the ISKNV-encoded protein VP077R interacts with the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein at the HIF-binding region, competitively inhibiting the interaction of HIF-1α with VHL. This prevents HIF degradation and activates the HIF-pathway. Furthermore, VP077R interacts with factor-inhibiting HIF (FIH), recruiting FIH and S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (Skp1) to form an FIH - VP077R - Skp1 complex. This complex promotes FIH protein degradation via ubiquitination, further activating the HIF-pathway. These findings indicated that ISKNV takes over the HIF-pathway by releasing two "brakes" on this pathway (VHL and FIH) via VP077R, facilitating virus replication. We speculate that hypoxia initiates a positive feedback loop between ISKNV VP077R and the HIF pathway, leading to the outbreak of ISKNV disease. This work offers valuable insights into the complex interactions between the environment, host, and virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching of the Lingdingyang Bay, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching of the Lingdingyang Bay, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching of the Lingdingyang Bay, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching of the Lingdingyang Bay, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhang Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching of the Lingdingyang Bay, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Changjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching of the Lingdingyang Bay, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching of the Lingdingyang Bay, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Quiniou SMA, Bengtén E, Boudinot P. Costimulatory receptors in the channel catfish: CD28 family members and their ligands. Immunogenetics 2024; 76:51-67. [PMID: 38197898 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-023-01327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The CD28-B7 interaction is required to deliver a second signal necessary for T-cell activation. Additional membrane receptors of the CD28 and B7 families are also involved in immune checkpoints that positively or negatively regulate leukocyte activation, in particular T lymphocytes. BTLA is an inhibitory receptor that belongs to a third receptor family. Fish orthologs exist only for some of these genes, and the potential interactions between the corresponding ligands remain mostly unclear. In this work, we focused on the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), a long-standing model for fish immunology, to analyze these co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors. We identified one copy of cd28, ctla4, cd80/86, b7h1/dc, b7h3, b7h4, b7h5, two btla, and four b7h7 genes. Catfish CD28 contains the highly conserved mammalian cytoplasmic motif for PI3K and GRB2 recruitment, however this motif is absent in cyprinids. Fish CTLA4 share a C-terminal putative GRB2-binding site but lacks the mammalian PI3K/GRB2-binding motif. While critical V-domain residues for human CD80 or CD86 binding to CD28/CTLA4 show low conservation in fish CD80/86, C-domain residues are highly conserved, underscoring their significance. Catfish B7H1/DC had a long intracytoplasmic domain with a P-loop-NTPase domain that is absent in mammalian sequences, while the lack of NLS motif in fish B7H4 suggests this protein may not regulate cell growth when expressed intracellularly. Finally, there is a notable expansion of fish B7H7s, which likely play diverse roles in leukocyte regulation. Overall, our work contributes to a better understanding of fish leukocyte co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Bengtén
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France.
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Zeng R, Fu J, Pan W, Zhan Z, Weng S, Guo C, He J. Low-temperature immunization attenuates the residual virulence of orf074r gene-deleted infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus: a candidate immersion vaccine. J Virol 2023; 97:e0128923. [PMID: 37933966 PMCID: PMC10688326 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01289-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Global aquaculture production yielded a record of 122.9 million tons in 2022. However, ~10% of farmed aquatic animal production is lost each year due to various infectious diseases, resulting in substantial economic waste. Therefore, the development of vaccines is important for the prevention and control of aquatic infectious diseases. Gene-deletion live attenuated vaccines are efficacious because they mimic natural pathogen infection and generate a strong antibody response, thus showing good potential for administration via immersion. However, most gene-deletion viruses still have residual virulence, and thus, gene-deletion immersion vaccines for aquatic viruses are rarely developed. In this study, an orf074r deletion strain (Δorf074r) of ISKNV with residual virulence was constructed, and an immunization process was developed to reduce its residual virulence at 22°C, thereby making it a potential immersion vaccine against ISKNV. Our work will aid in the development of an aquatic gene-deletion live-attenuated immersion vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol / Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajie Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol / Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol / Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol / Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol / Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol / Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol / Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Zeng R, Pan W, Lin Y, Liang M, Fu J, Weng S, He J, Guo C. A Safe and Efficient Double-Gene-Deleted Live Attenuated Immersion Vaccine to Prevent the Disease Caused by the Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus. J Virol 2023; 97:e0085723. [PMID: 37382530 PMCID: PMC10373555 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00857-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases seriously threaten sustainable aquaculture development, resulting in more than $10 billion in economic losses annually. Immersion vaccines are emerging as the key technology for aquatic disease prevention and control. Here, a safe and efficacious candidate immersion vaccine strain (Δorf103r/tk) of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), in which the orf103r and tk genes were knocked out by homologous recombination, is described. Δorf103r/tk was severely attenuated in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi), inducing mild histological lesions, a mortality rate of only 3%, and eliminated within 21 days. A single Δorf103r/tk immersion-administered dose provided long-lasting protection rates over 95% against lethal ISKNV challenge. Δorf103r/tk also robustly stimulated the innate and adaptive immune responses. For example, interferon expression was significantly upregulated, and the production of specific neutralizing antibodies against ISKNV was markedly induced postimmunization. This work provides proof-of-principle evidence for orf103r- and tk-deficient ISKNV for immersion vaccine development to prevent ISKNV disease in aquaculture production. IMPORTANCE Global aquaculture production reached a record of 122.6 million tons in 2020, with a total value of 281.5 billion U.S. dollars (USD). However, approximately 10% of farmed aquatic animal production is lost due to various infectious diseases, resulting in more than 10 billion USD of economic waste every year. Therefore, the development of vaccines to prevent and control aquatic infectious diseases is of great significance. Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) infection occurs in more than 50 species of freshwater and marine fish and has caused great economic losses to the mandarin fish farming industry in China during the past few decades. Thus, it is listed as a certifiable disease by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Herein, a safe and efficient double-gene-deleted live attenuated immersion vaccine against ISKNV was developed, providing an example for the development of aquatic gene-deleted live attenuated immersion vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mincong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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He J, Yu Y, Li ZM, Liu ZX, Weng SP, Guo CJ, He JG. Hypoxia triggers the outbreak of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus disease through viral hypoxia response elements. Virulence 2022; 13:714-726. [PMID: 35465839 PMCID: PMC9045828 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2065950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia frequently occurs in aquatic environments, especially in aquaculture areas. However, research on the relationship between hypoxic aquatic environments with viral diseases outbreak is limited, and its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, we demonstrated that hypoxia directly triggers the outbreak of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) disease. Hypoxia or activated hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway could remarkably increase the levels of viral genomic DNA, titers, and gene expression, indicating that ISKNV can response to hypoxia and HIF pathway. To reveal the mechanism of ISKNV respond to HIF pathway, we identified the viral hypoxia response elements (HREs) in ISKNV genome. Fifteen viral HREs were identified, and four related viral genes responded to the HIF pathway, in which the hre-orf077r promoter remarkably responded to the HIF pathway. The level of orf077r mRNA dramatically increased after the infected cells were treated with dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) or the infected cells/fish subjected to hypoxic conditions, and overexpressed orf077r could remarkably increase the ISKNV replication. These finding shows that hypoxic aquatic environments induce the expression of viral genes through the viral HREs to promote ISKNV replication, indicating that viral HREs might be important biomarkers for the evaluation of the sensitivity of aquatic animal viral response to hypoxia stress. Furthermore, the frequencies of viral HREs in 43 species aquatic viral genomes from 16 families were predicted and the results indicate that some aquatic animal viruses, such as Picornavirdea, Dicistronviridae, and Herpesviridae, may have a high risk to outbreak when the aquatic environment encounters hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, Guangdong, PR China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, Guangdong, PR China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, Guangdong, PR China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, Guangdong, PR China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shao-Ping Weng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chang-Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, Guangdong, PR China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian-Guo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, Guangdong, PR China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Evidence for a Novel Antiviral Mechanism of Teleost Fish: Serum-Derived Exosomes Inhibit Virus Replication through Incorporating Mx1 Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910346. [PMID: 34638687 PMCID: PMC8508709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are associated with cancer progression, pregnancy, cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system-related diseases, immune responses and viral pathogenicity. However, study on the role of exosomes in the immune response of teleost fish, especially antiviral immunity, is limited. Herein, serum-derived exosomes from mandarin fish were used to investigate the antiviral effect on the exosomes of teleost fish. Exosomes isolated from mandarin fish serum by ultra-centrifugation were internalized by mandarin fish fry cells and were able to inhibit Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) infection. To further investigate the underlying mechanisms of exosomes in inhibiting ISKNV infection, the protein composition of serum-derived exosomes was analyzed by mass spectrometry. It was found that myxovirus resistance 1 (Mx1) was incorporated by exosomes. Furthermore, the mandarin fish Mx1 protein was proven to be transferred into the recipient cells though exosomes. Our results showed that the serum-derived exosomes from mandarin fish could inhibit ISKNV replication, which suggested an underlying mechanism of the exosome antivirus in that it incorporates Mx1 protein and delivery into recipient cells. This study provided evidence for the important antiviral role of exosomes in the immune system of teleost fish.
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Zeng R, Pan W, Lin Y, He J, Luo Z, Li Z, Weng S, He J, Guo C. Development of a gene-deleted live attenuated candidate vaccine against fish virus (ISKNV) with low pathogenicity and high protection. iScience 2021; 24:102750. [PMID: 34278259 PMCID: PMC8261673 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture provides important food, nutrition, and income sources for humans. However, aquaculture industry is seriously threatened by viral diseases. Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) disease causes high mortality and economic losses to the fish culture industry in Asia and has been listed as a certifiable disease by the International Epizootic Office. Vaccine development is urgent to control this disease. Here, a gene-deleted live attenuated candidate vaccine (ΔORF022L) against ISKNV with low pathogenicity and high protection was developed. ΔORF022L replicated well in mandarin fish fry-1 cells and showed similar structure with wild-type ISKNV. However, the pathogenicity was significantly lower as 98% of the mandarin fish infected with ΔORF022L survived, whereas all those infected with wild-type ISKNV died. Of importance, 100% of the ΔORF022L-infected fish survived the ISKNV challenge. ΔORF022L induced anti-ISKNV specific antibody response and upregulation of immune-related genes. This work could be beneficial to the control of fish diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Weiqiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Yifan Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jian He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Changjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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Zhao Z, Xiong Y, Zhang C, Jia YJ, Qiu DK, Wang GX, Zhu B. Optimization of the efficacy of a SWCNTs-based subunit vaccine against infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus in mandarin fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:190-196. [PMID: 32755683 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) cause a high mortality disease which brings substantial economic losses to the mandarin fish culture industry in China. This study was aimed at optimizing the efficacy of a SWCNTs-based immersion subunit vaccine (SWCNTs-M-MCP) which as a promising vaccine against ISKNV. Mandarin fish were vaccinated by immersion, then we designed an orthogonal experiment to optimize different parameters affecting vaccination such as immune duration of bath immunization, immune dose, and fish density when immunized. Our results showed that the highest relative percent survival (86.7%) was found in the group 6 with 8 h of immune duration, 20 mg/L of immune dose, and 8 fish per liter of fish density. And other immune responses (serum antibody production, enzyme activities, and immune-related genes expression) also demonstrated similar results. In addition, the expression of IRF-I in group 6 (8 h, 20 mg/L, 8 fish per liter) was significant extents, and about 16-folds increases were obtained than the control group at 21 d post-vaccination. And the highest specific antibody response was significantly increased (more than 4-folds) than control group which was found in group 6. The optimum immune duration, immune dose, and fish density of SWCNTs-M-MCP were 8 h, 20 mg/L, 8 fish per liter, respectively. Importantly, our results also showed that immune duration had the greatest effect on the immune response of our vaccine, followed by immune dose. The study reported herein provides a helpful reference for the effective use of vaccine in fish farming industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Yunnan Institute of Fishery Sciences Research, Kunmin, 650224, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yi-Jun Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - De-Kui Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Wu M, Li H, Chen X, Jiang Y, Jiang W. Studies on the clinical symptoms, virus distribution, and mRNA expression of several antiviral immunity-related genes in grass carp after infection with genotype II grass carp reovirus. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1599-1609. [PMID: 32399788 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The viral hemorrhage disease caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a serious contagious disease of grass carp that mainly infects fingerlings and yearlings. Epidemiological studies have shown that GCRV genotype II is currently the prominent genotype. However, little is known about the histopathological characteristics, virus distribution, and expression of immunity-related genes in grass carp infected by GCRV genotype II. In this study, we found that grass carp infected by GCRV genotype II lost appetite, swam alone, and rolled, and their fins, eyes, operculum, oral cavity, abdomen, intestine, and muscles showed pronounced punctate hemorrhage. Congestion, swelling, deformation, thinning of membranes, dilatation and darkened color of nucleoli, cathepsis, erythrocyte infiltration, and vacuole formation were observed in some infected tissues. A qRT-PCR test showed that the 11 genome segments of GCRV had similar expression patterns in different tissues. The S8 segment, with unknown function and no homologous sequences, had the highest expression level, while the most conserved segment, L2, had the lowest expression level. GCRV particles were distributed in different tissues, especially in the intestine. In the infected intestine, the expression of various receptors and adaptor molecules was modulated at different levels. Pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression was 2160.9 times higher than that in the control group. The upregulation of immunity-related genes activated the antiviral immunity pathways. Therefore, the intestine might play a dual role in mediating GCRV infection and the antiviral immune response. This study provides detailed information about the pathogenicity of GCRV and expression of immunity-related genes, laying the foundation for further research on virus control and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglin Wu
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, No. 40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
| | - Haiyang Li
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, No. 40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaowu Chen
- Shanghai Ocean University, No.999 Huchenghuan Road, Nanhui New City, 201306, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Jiang
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, No. 40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, No. 40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
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