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Zhang B, Yang H, Cai G, Nie Q, Sun Y. The interactions between the host immunity and intestinal microorganisms in fish. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:30. [PMID: 38170313 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
There is a huge quantity of microorganisms in the gut of fish, which exert pivotal roles in maintaining host intestinal and general health. The fish immunity can sense and shape the intestinal microbiota and maintain the intestinal homeostasis. In the meantime, the intestinal commensal microbes regulate the fish immunity, control the extravagant proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, and ensure the intestinal health of the host. This review summarizes developments and progress on the known interactions between host immunity and intestinal microorganisms in fish, focusing on the recent advances in zebrafish (Danio rerio) showing the host immunity senses and shapes intestinal microbiota, and intestinal microorganisms tune host immunity. This review will offer theoretical references for the development, application, and commercialization of intestinal functional microorganisms in fish. KEY POINTS: • The interactions between the intestinal microorganisms and host immunity in zebrafish • Fish immunity senses and shapes the microbiota • Intestinal microbes tune host immunity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyun Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Hongling Yang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Guohe Cai
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Qingjie Nie
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Yunzhang Sun
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China.
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2
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Vega-Heredia S, Giffard-Mena I, Reverter M. Bacterial and viral co-infections in aquaculture under climate warming: co-evolutionary implications, diagnosis, and treatment. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2024; 158:1-20. [PMID: 38602294 DOI: 10.3354/dao03778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Climate change and the associated environmental temperature fluctuations are contributing to increases in the frequency and severity of disease outbreaks in both wild and farmed aquatic species. This has a significant impact on biodiversity and also puts global food production systems, such as aquaculture, at risk. Most infections are the result of complex interactions between multiple pathogens, and understanding these interactions and their co-evolutionary mechanisms is crucial for developing effective diagnosis and control strategies. In this review, we discuss current knowledge on bacteria-bacteria, virus-virus, and bacterial and viral co-infections in aquaculture as well as their co-evolution in the context of global warming. We also propose a framework and different novel methods (e.g. advanced molecular tools such as digital PCR and next-generation sequencing) to (1) precisely identify overlooked co-infections, (2) gain an understanding of the co-infection dynamics and mechanisms by knowing species interactions, and (3) facilitate the development multi-pathogen preventive measures such as polyvalent vaccines. As aquaculture disease outbreaks are forecasted to increase both due to the intensification of practices to meet the protein demand of the increasing global population and as a result of global warming, understanding and treating co-infections in aquatic species has important implications for global food security and the economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarahí Vega-Heredia
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada, México, Egresada del Programa de Ecología Molecular y Biotecnología, carretera transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3917, C.P. 22860, México
| | - Ivone Giffard-Mena
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada, México
| | - Miriam Reverter
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
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3
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Li W, Lim CH, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Conway PL, Loo SCJ. In Vitro Profiling of Potential Fish Probiotics, Enterococcus hirae Strains, Isolated from Jade Perch, and Safety Properties Assessed Using Whole Genome Sequencing. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10244-0. [PMID: 38498111 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The demands of intensified aquaculture production and escalating disease prevalence underscore the need for efficacious probiotic strategies to enhance fish health. This study focused on isolating and characterising potential probiotics from the gut microbiota of the emerging aquaculture species jade perch (Scortum barcoo). Eighty-seven lactic acid bacteria and 149 other bacteria were isolated from the digestive tract of five adult jade perch. The screening revealed that 24 Enterococcus hirae isolates inhibited the freshwater pathogens Aeromonas sobria and Streptococcus iniae. Co-incubating E. hirae with the host gut suspensions demonstrated a two- to five-fold increase in the size of growth inhibition zones compared to the results when using gut suspensions from tilapia (a non-host), indicating host-specificity. Genome analysis of the lead isolate, E. hirae R44, predicted the presence of antimicrobial compounds like enterolysin A, class II lanthipeptide, and terpenes, which underlay its antibacterial attributes. Isolate R44 exhibited desirable probiotic characteristics, including survival at pH values within the range of 3 to 12, bile tolerance, antioxidant activity, ampicillin sensitivity, and absence of transferable antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors commonly associated with hospital Enterococcus strains (IS16, hylEfm, and esp). This study offers a foundation for sourcing host-adapted probiotics from underexplored aquaculture species. Characterisation of novel probiotics like E. hirae R44 can expedite the development of disease mitigation strategies to support aquaculture intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Li
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Nanyang Technological University, 61 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637335, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chiun Hao Lim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhongtian Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yulan Wang
- Singapore Phenome Centre, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Patricia Lynne Conway
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- Centre for Marine Science Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Say Chye Joachim Loo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore.
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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Wise AL, LaFrentz BR, Kelly AM, Liles MR, Griffin MJ, Beck BH, Bruce TJ. Coinfection of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) with virulent Aeromonas hydrophila and Flavobacterium covae exacerbates mortality. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024. [PMID: 38214100 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Flavobacterium covae and virulent Aeromonas hydrophila are prevalent bacterial pathogens within the US catfish industry that can cause high mortality in production ponds. An assessment of in vivo bacterial coinfection with virulent A. hydrophila (ML09-119) and F. covae (ALG-00-530) was conducted in juvenile channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Catfish were divided into seven treatments: (1) mock control; (2) and (3) high and low doses of virulent A. hydrophila; (4) and (5) high and low doses of F. covae; (6) and (7) simultaneous challenge with high and low doses of virulent A. hydrophila and F. covae. In addition to the mortality assessment, anterior kidney and spleen were collected to evaluate immune gene expression, as well as quantify bacterial load by qPCR. At 96 h post-challenge (hpc), the high dose of virulent A. hydrophila infection (immersed in 2.3 × 107 CFU mL-1 ) resulted in cumulative percent mortality (CPM) of 28.3 ± 9.5%, while the high dose of F. covae (immersed in 5.2 × 106 CFU mL-1 ) yielded CPM of 23.3 ± 12.9%. When these pathogens were delivered in combination, CPM significantly increased for both the high- (98.3 ± 1.36%) and low-dose combinations (76.7 ± 17.05%) (p < .001). Lysozyme activity was found to be different at 24 and 48 hpc, with the high-dose vAh group demonstrating greater levels than unexposed control fish at each time point. Three proinflammatory cytokines (tnfα, il8, il1b) demonstrated increased expression levels at 48 hpc. These results demonstrate the additive effects on mortality when these two pathogens are combined. The synthesis of these mortality and health metrics advances our understanding of coinfections of these two important catfish pathogens and will aid fish health diagnosticians and channel catfish producers in developing therapeutants and prevention methods to control bacterial coinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Wise
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- USDA-ARS Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Anita M Kelly
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Mark R Liles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Matt J Griffin
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Benjamin H Beck
- USDA-ARS Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Timothy J Bruce
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Gao JH, Zhao JL, Yao XL, Tola T, Zheng J, Xue WB, Wang DW, Xing Y. Identification of antimicrobial peptide genes from transcriptomes in Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) and their response to infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109247. [PMID: 38006905 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is a valuable freshwater fish species widely cultured in China. Its aquaculture production is challenged by bacterial septicaemia, which is one of the most common bacterial diseases. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a critical role in the innate immune system of fish, exhibiting defensive and inhibitory effects against a wide range of pathogens. This study aimed to identify the antimicrobial peptide genes in mandarin fish using transcriptomes data obtained from 17 tissue in our laboratory. Through nucleotide sequence alignment and protein structural domain analysis, 15 antimicrobial peptide genes (moronecidin, pleurocidin, lysozyme g, thymosin β12, hepcidin, leap 2, β-defensin, galectin 8, galectin 9, apoB, apoD, apoE, apoF, apoM, and nk-lysin) were identified, of which 9 antimicrobial peptide genes were identified for the first time. In addition, 15 AMPs were subjected to sequence characterization and protein structure analysis. After injection with Aeromonas hydrophila, the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, and platelet counts in mandarin fish showed a decreasing trend, indicating partial hemolysis. The expression change patterns of 15 AMP genes in the intestine after A. hydrophila infection were examined by using qRT-PCR. The results revealed, marked up-regulation (approximately 116.04) of the hepcidin gene, down-regulation of the piscidin family genes expression. Moreover, most AMP genes were responded in the early stages after A. hydrophila challenge. This study provides fundamental information for investigating the role of the different antimicrobial peptide genes in mandarin fish in defense against A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China
| | - Jin-Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Li Yao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China
| | - Temesgen Tola
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China
| | - Wen-Bo Xue
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China
| | - Ying Xing
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China
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6
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Huo X, Chang J, Zhang Q, Wang W, Wang P, Zhao F, He S, Yang C, Liu X, Liang X, Zhang Y, Su J. Nanopeptide CI20 remarkably enhances growth performance and disease resistances by improving the mucosal structure, antioxidant capacity, and immunity in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126935. [PMID: 37722638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Soybean meal, excessively used in place of fish meal (FM) in aquaculture, has a detrimental impact on fish. In this study, the nanopeptide CI20, which was created by conjugating antimicrobial peptide gcIFN-20H and CMCS, were evaluated the feeding effect in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). Compared with the control group, 150 mg/kg C-I20-fed fish showed the second highest growth performance with no significant changes in body composition. C-I20-fed fish showed more goblet cells and thicker mucin after feeding. The 150 mg/kg CI20 diet boosted the antioxidant capacity, immunity, and digestive enzymes. After Aeromonas hydrophila and infection spleen and kidney necrosis virus infection, the survival rates in the 150 mg/kg CI20 group were highest. Meanwhile, many tissues in the 150 mg/kg CI20 group had significantly lower pathogen loads than the other groups. Treatment with 150 mg/kg CI20 was effective in increasing antioxidant capacity and immunity. The minimum tissue lesions were observed in the 150 mg/kg CI20 group. The goblet cell number and mucin thickness were significantly increased by CI20 treatment after infection. The study results herein showed that a reasonable dietary concentration of CI20 feed promoted growth performance and disease resistances in fish, suggesting a prospective nano antimicrobial peptide for the aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Huo
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jiao Chang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weicheng Wang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pengxu Wang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fengxia Zhao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shan He
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xufang Liang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Okon EM, Okocha RC, Taiwo AB, Michael FB, Bolanle AM. Dynamics of co-infection in fish: A review of pathogen-host interaction and clinical outcome. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 4:100096. [PMID: 37250211 PMCID: PMC10213192 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-infections can affect the transmission of a pathogen within a population and the pathogen's virulence, ultimately affecting the disease's dynamics. In addition, co-infections can potentially affect the host's immunological responses, clinical outcomes, survival, and disease control efficacy. Co-infections significantly impact fish production and can change several fish diseases' progression and severity. However, the effect of co-infection has only recently garnered limited attention in aquatic animals such as fish, and there is currently a dearth of studies on this topic. This study, therefore, presents an in-depth summary of the dynamics of co-infection in fish. This study reviewed the co-infection of fish pathogens, the interaction of pathogens and fish, clinical outcomes and impacts on fish immune responses, and fish survival. Most studies described the prevalence of co-infections in fish, with various parameters influencing their outcomes. Bacterial co-infection increased fish mortality, ulcerative dermatitis, and intestinal haemorrhage. Viral co-infection resulted in osmoregulatory effects, increased mortality and cytopathic effect (CPE). More severe histological alterations and clinical symptoms were related to the co-infection of fish than in single-infected fish. In parasitic co-infection, there was increased mortality, high kidney swelling index, and severe necrotic alterations in the kidney, liver, and spleen. In other cases, there were more severe kidney lesions, cartilage destruction and displacement. There was a dearth of information on mitigating co-infections in fish. Therefore, further studies on the mitigation strategies of co-infections in fish will provide valuable insights into this research area. Also, more research on the immunology of co-infection specific to each fish pathogen class (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) is imperative. The findings from such studies would provide valuable information on the relationship between fish immune systems and targeted responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reuben Chukwuka Okocha
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001 Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
- Climate Action Research Group, Landmark University SDG 13, Nigeria
| | | | - Falana Babatunde Michael
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001 Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
- Life Below Water Research Group, Landmark University SDG 14, Nigeria
| | - Adeniran Moji Bolanle
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001 Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
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Yousefi M, Hoseini SM, Abdel Rahman AN, Vatnikov YA, Kulikov EV, Kharlitskaya EV, Seleznev SB. Effects of Dietary Limonene Supplementation on Growth Performance and Immunological Parameters of Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio, Challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3197. [PMID: 37893921 PMCID: PMC10603678 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the impact of dietary limonene treatment on the growth performance, immune response, and disease resistance of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. The fish were fed with either a control diet (CTL; no limonene supplementation) or four experimental diets containing 50 (50 L), 100 (100 L), 200 (200 L), and 400 (400 L) mg/kg limonene over a 70-day period, followed by Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. The 200 L treatment resulted in a significant decrease in FCR compared to the CTL treatment. The highest post-challenge mortality was associated with the CTL treatment (62.7%), while the 200 L treatment had the lowest mortality (30.7%). Before the challenge, dietary limonene significantly increased humoral and skin mucosal immune parameters compared to the CTL treatment. The highest leukocyte, lymphocyte counts, skin mucosal protease activity, and intestinal lactic acid bacteria were observed in the 200 L treatment before the challenge. The highest plasma lysozyme activity was observed in the 400 L treatment, whereas the highest skin mucosal lysozyme and peroxidase activities were observed in the 100 L and 200 L treatments before the challenge. There were no significant differences in the blood neutrophil, monocyte, and eosinophil counts, humoral alternative complement activity, skin mucosal alkaline phosphatase activity, and the intestinal total viable bacteria among the treatments before the challenge. After the challenge, the 200 L treatment exhibited the highest leukocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte count, skin mucosal immune parameters, and intestinal lactic acid bacteria, whereas the highest blood eosinophil count was observed in the 100 L, 200 L, and 400 L treatments. At this time, the lowest blood lymphocyte counts were observed in the 100 L and 200 L, but the lowest intestinal total viable bacteria were observed in the 100 L, 200 L, and 400 L treatments. Based on these findings, dietary limonene at 200 mg/kg is ideal for common carp to promote feed efficiency, innate immunity boosting, and resistance against A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Yousefi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.V.); (E.V.K.); (E.V.K.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Seyyed Morteza Hoseini
- Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan 4916687631, Iran
| | - Afaf N. Abdel Rahman
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig P.O. Box 44511, Egypt;
| | - Yury Anatolyevich Vatnikov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.V.); (E.V.K.); (E.V.K.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Evgeny Vladimirovich Kulikov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.V.); (E.V.K.); (E.V.K.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Elena Valentinovna Kharlitskaya
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.V.); (E.V.K.); (E.V.K.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Sergey Borisovich Seleznev
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.V.); (E.V.K.); (E.V.K.); (S.B.S.)
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9
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Zhao F, Huo X, Wang P, Liu Q, Yang C, Su J. The Combination of β-Glucan and Astragalus Polysaccharide Effectively Resists Nocardia seriolae Infection in Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides). Microorganisms 2023; 11:2529. [PMID: 37894188 PMCID: PMC10609034 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Effectively treating and preventing outbreaks is crucial for improving the economic benefits of aquaculture. Therefore, utilizing immunostimulants, either alone or in combination, is regarded as a promising strategy. In this study, β-glucan + APS (200 mg/kg + 200 mg/kg), β-glucan (200 mg/kg), APS (200 mg/kg), enrofloxacin (15 mg/kg), and sulfadiazine (15 mg/kg) were added to feed to assess the effects against Nocardia seriolae infection in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) within 14 days. The survival rates did not differ between the enrofloxacin group and the β-glucan + APS group, but both were significantly higher than that of the control group. Additionally, the enrofloxacin group and the β-glucan + APS group exhibited the lowest bacterial loads and tissue damage. Importantly, the β-glucan + APS treatment significantly improved serum enzyme activities (total superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, total protein) and the expression of immune genes (IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IgM) compared to the other treatment groups. The enrofloxacin group showed similar efficacy to the β-glucan + APS group in combating N. seriolae infection, but N. seriolae in the enrofloxacin group developed drug resistance. In summary, the combined use of β-glucan and APS is a promising strategy for treating bacterial diseases, thereby contributing to the promotion of sustainable aquaculture development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Zhao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.Z.); (X.H.); (P.W.); (Q.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xingchen Huo
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.Z.); (X.H.); (P.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Pengxu Wang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.Z.); (X.H.); (P.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qian Liu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.Z.); (X.H.); (P.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Jianguo Su
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.Z.); (X.H.); (P.W.); (Q.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
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10
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Li S, Yang Q, Cheng B, Liu Y, Zhou S, Ai X, Dong J. Neem oil against Aeromonas hydrophila infection by disrupting quorum sensing and biofilm formation. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:867-878. [PMID: 37968931 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2279998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause a number of infectious diseases in fish and is widely distributed in aquatic environments. Antibiotics are the main approach against A. hydrophila infections, while the emergence of resistant bacteria limits the application of antibiotics. Here, quorum-sensing (QS) was defined as the target and the inhibitory effects of neem oil against QS of A. hydrophila was studied. The results showed that neem oil could dose-dependently reduce aerolysin, protease, lipase, acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), biofilm and swarming motility at sub-inhibitory concentrations. Results of real-time PCR demonstrated that neem oil could down-regulate the transcription of aerA, ahyI and ahyR. Moreover, neem oil showed significant protections to A549 cells and a fish infection model. Taken together, these results indicated that neem oil could be chosen as a promising candidate for the treatment of A. hydrophila infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengping Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuhong Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shun Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohui Ai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
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11
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Oladipupo AA, Kelly AM, Davis DA, Bruce TJ. Investigation of dietary exogenous protease and humic substance on growth, disease resistance to Flavobacterium covae and immune responses in juvenile channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023. [PMID: 37461215 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Many bacterial pathogens impact the US catfish industry, and disease control can be challenging for producers. Columnaris disease in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, is primarily caused by Flavobacterium covae (formerly F. columnare). Immunostimulants may enhance nonspecific immune responses and offer an alternative to antibiotic treatments in catfish. Furthermore, dietary protein sources and inclusions are also essential to fish health and nutrition and may enhance overall fish performance in pond culture. The current project evaluated two immunostimulants: a protease complex (PC) and a humic substance (HS) derived from a reed-sedge peat product. A 60-day trial examined the effects of five diets on growth performance, immune response and resistance to experimental F. covae infection in channel catfish. Diets included a high-quality fishmeal diet (32%; CF32), a high-protein soy-based diet (32%; C32), a low-protein soy-based diet (28%; C28; predominately used in industry), a low-protein soy diet supplemented with C28 + PC at 175 g metric ton-1 and C28 + HS in a low-protein diet at 23 g metric ton-1 . Following feeding for 60 d, juvenile channel catfish were sampled for growth performance and baseline health indicators (n = 3; body mucus, blood for sera, kidney and spleen). A subset of fish was then subjected to an immersion-based in vivo challenge trial with F. covae (ALG-00-530; 106 CFU mL-1 exposure). At 60d post-initiation, there were no dietary differences in the relative growth rate (p = .063) or thermal growth coefficient (p = .055), but the 32% diets generally appeared to perform best. Post-challenge, the C32 group's mortality was higher than the C28 + PC (p = .006) and C28 + HS diets (p = .005). Although not significant, the C28 and CF32 groups also demonstrated higher mortality compared to both PC and HS diets. Sera lysozyme concentration was found to increase following pathogen challenge (p < .001) and in comparison with mock-challenged catfish (p < .001). Elevated expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (il-1β, il-8, tnf-α and tgf-β) were observed at trial midpoint and post-infection when compared to 60d. The C28 treatment was found to have lower tnf-α expression than the C28 + PC (p = .042) and C28 + HS (p = .042) groups following exposure to F. covae. These challenge data suggest that the immunostimulants (PC and HS) in plant-based protein may be beneficial in protecting against F. covae when offered in low-protein channel catfish diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmalik A Oladipupo
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Anita M Kelly
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Alabama Fish Farming Center, Auburn University, Greensboro, Alabama, USA
| | - D Allen Davis
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Timothy J Bruce
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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12
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Xu H, Wang W, Ouyang H, Zhang X, Miao X, Feng J, Tao Y, Li Y. Expression profiling and antibacterial analysis of cd36 in mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023:108901. [PMID: 37321429 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cd36 is classified as a class B scavenger receptor and has also been identified as a pattern recognition receptor. In this study, we investigated the genomic structure and molecular characteristics of cd36 in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi), examined its tissue distribution, and evaluated its antibacterial activity. Genomic structure analysis showed that Sccd36 consists of 12 exons and 11 introns. Sequencing analysis confirmed that the open reading frame of Sccd36 contains 1410 bp, encoding 469 amino acids. Sccd36 is deeply conserved with other vertebrates in terms of genomic structure, gene loci and molecular evolution, and the feature of two transmembrane was observed in ScCd36 through structural prediction. Sccd36 was constitutively expressed in all tissues tested, with the strongest expression in the intestine, followed by the heart and the kidney. Dramatic changes of Sccd36 mRNA were detected in mucosal tissues, including the intestine, gill and skin, when stimulated by the microbial ligands lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid. In addition, ScCd36 was identified as having strong binding ability to microbial ligands and antibacterial activity against the gram-negative bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila and the gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus lactis. Furthermore, we verified that the genetic ablation of cd36 impaired the resistance of fish to bacterial challenge by using zebrafish cd36 knockout line. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ScCd36 plays a crucial role in the innate immune response of mandarin fish against bacterial infections. This also sets the stage for further exploration into the antibacterial function of Cd36 in lower vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huaxin Ouyang
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaomin Miao
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jingyun Feng
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yixi Tao
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yun Li
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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13
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Identification and Functional Analysis of MAPKAPK2 in Hyriopsis cumingii. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13112060. [PMID: 36360298 PMCID: PMC9690195 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
MAPKAPK2 (MK2) is an important regulator of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathway, which is involved in a plethora of cellular processes concluding the development of gamete cells in meiosis and resisting pathogenic bacterial infestation. Hyriopsis cumingii is a significant mussel resource in China and a good material for pearl breeding. To explore the role of MK2 in H. cumingii, MK2 was identified and cloned, whose full-length cDNA was 1568 bp, including 87 bp in 5′ UTR, 398 bp in 3′ UTR, and 1083 bp in the open reading frame (ORF) region, encoding 360 amino acids. The expression of MK2 was the highest in the gills. Meanwhile, there was a significant difference in the gonads. After Aeromonas hydrophila and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infestation, the transcript level of the MK2 was upregulated in the gills. It indicated that MK2 might be involved in the innate immune response of H. cumingii after a pathogenic attack. After quantifying H. cumingii of different ages, it was found that the expression of MK2 was highest at 1 year old. In situ hybridization (ISH) results showed that the blue-purple hybridization signal was very significant in the oocytes and egg membranes of the female gonads of H. cumingii. The expression of MK2 increased gradually at the age of 1 to 5 months and showed a downward trend at the age of 5 to 8 months. It was suggested that MK2 might play an important role in the formation of primitive germ cells in H. cumingii. To sum up, MK2 might not only be involved in the immune response against pathogenic bacterial infection but also might play an important role in the development of the gonads in H. cumingii.
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14
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Feng C, Jia K, Chi T, Chen S, Yu H, Zhang L, Haidar Abbas Raza S, Alshammari AM, Liang S, Zhu Z, Li T, Qi Y, Shan X, Qian A, Zhang D, Zhang L, Sun W. Lytic Bacteriophage PZL-Ah152 as Biocontrol Measures Against Lethal Aeromonas hydrophila Without Distorting Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:898961. [PMID: 35903472 PMCID: PMC9315158 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.898961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy is an alternative approach to overcome the problem of multidrug resistance in bacteria. In this study, a bacteriophage named PZL-Ah152, which infects Aeromonas hydrophila, was isolated from sewage, and its biological characteristics and genome were studied. The genome contained 54 putative coding sequences and lacked known putative virulence factors, so it could be applied to phage therapy. Therefore, we performed a study to (i) investigate the efficacy of PZL-Ah152 in reducing the abundance of pathogenic A. hydrophila strain 152 in experimentally infected crucian carps, (ii) evaluate the safety of 12 consecutive days of intraperitoneal phage injection in crucian carps, and (iii) determine how bacteriophages impact the normal gut microbiota. The in vivo and in vitro results indicated that the phage could effectively eliminate A. hydrophila. Administering PZL-Ah152 (2 × 109 PFU) could effectively protect the fish (2 × 108 CFU/carp). Furthermore, a 12-day consecutive injection of PZL-Ah152 did not cause significant adverse effects in the main organs of the treated animals. We also found that members of the genus Aeromonas could enter and colonize the gut. The phage PZL-Ah152 reduced the number of colonies of the genus Aeromonas. However, no significant changes were observed in α-diversity and β-diversity parameters, which suggested that the consumed phage had little effect on the gut microbiota. All the results illustrated that PZL-Ah152 could be a new therapeutic method for infections caused by A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Kaixiang Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Teng Chi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Shuaimin Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Huabo Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | | | | | - Shuang Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Zishan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Tingxuan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Yanling Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Aidong Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhang,
| | - Wuwen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
- Wuwen Sun,
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15
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Islam SI, Mou MJ, Sanjida S, Tariq M, Nasir S, Mahfuj S. Designing a novel mRNA vaccine against Vibrio harveyi infection in fish: an immunoinformatics approach. Genomics Inform 2022; 20:e11. [PMID: 35399010 PMCID: PMC9002004 DOI: 10.5808/gi.21065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi belongs to the family Vibrionaceae of class Gammaproteobacteria. Around 12 Vibrio species can cause gastroenteritis (gastrointestinal illness) in humans. A large number of bacterial particles can be found in the infected cells, which may cause death. Despite these devastating complications, there is still no cure or vaccine for the bacteria. As a result, we used an immunoinformatics approach to develop a multi-epitope vaccine against the most pathogenic hemolysin gene of V. harveyi. The immunodominant T- and B-cell epitopes were identified using the hemolysin protein. We developed a vaccine employing three possible epitopes: cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, helper T-lymphocytes, and linear B-lymphocyte epitopes, after thorough testing. The vaccine was developed to be antigenic, immunogenic, and non-allergenic, as well as have a better solubility. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed significant structural stiffness and binding stability. In addition, the immunological simulation generated by computers revealed that the vaccination might elicit immune reactions Escherichia coli K12 as a model, codon optimization yielded ideal GC content and a higher codon adaptation index value, which was then included in the cloning vector pET2+ (a). Altogether, our experiment implies that the proposed peptide vaccine might be a good option for vibriosis prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Injamamul Islam
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Faculty of Biological Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh.,Chulalongkorn University, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Technology, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Moslema Jahan Mou
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Faculty of Earth and Life Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Saloa Sanjida
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
| | - Saad Nasir
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sarower Mahfuj
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Faculty of Biological Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
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Shahin K, Subramaniam K, Camus AC, Yazdi Z, Yun S, Koda SA, Waltzek TB, Pierezan F, Hu R, Soto E. Isolation, Identification and Characterization of a Novel Megalocytivirus from Cultured Tilapia ( Oreochromis spp.) from Southern California, USA. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3524. [PMID: 34944299 PMCID: PMC8697977 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In spring 2019, diseased four-month-old tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) from an aquaculture farm in Southern California, USA were received for diagnostic evaluation with signs of lethargy, anorexia, abnormal swimming, and low-level mortalities. At necropsy, non-specific external lesions were noted including fin erosion, cutaneous melanosis, gill pallor, and coelomic distension. Internal changes included ascites, hepatomegaly, renomegaly, splenomegaly, and multifocal yellow-white nodules in the spleen and kidney. Cultures of spleen and kidney produced bacterial colonies identified as Francisella orientalis. Homogenized samples of gill, brain, liver, spleen, and kidney inoculated onto Mozambique tilapia brain cells (OmB) developed cytopathic effects, characterized by rounding of cells and detaching from the monolayer 6-10 days post-inoculation at 25 °C. Transmission electron microscopy revealed 115.4 ± 5.8 nm icosahedral virions with dense central cores in the cytoplasm of OmB cells. A consensus PCR, targeting the DNA polymerase gene of large double-stranded DNA viruses, performed on cell culture supernatant yielded a sequence consistent with an iridovirus. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated full length major capsid protein and DNA polymerase gene sequences supported the tilapia virus as a novel species within the genus Megalocytivirus, most closely related to scale drop disease virus and European chub iridovirus. An intracoelomic injection challenge in Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fingerlings resulted in 39% mortality after 16 days. Histopathology revealed necrosis of head kidney and splenic hematopoietic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Shahin
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; or (Z.Y.); (S.Y.); (R.H.)
- Aquatic Animal Diseases Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Suez P.O. Box 43511, Egypt
| | - Kuttichantran Subramaniam
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (K.S.); (S.A.K.); (T.B.W.)
| | - Alvin C. Camus
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Zeinab Yazdi
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; or (Z.Y.); (S.Y.); (R.H.)
| | - Susan Yun
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; or (Z.Y.); (S.Y.); (R.H.)
| | - Samantha A. Koda
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (K.S.); (S.A.K.); (T.B.W.)
| | - Thomas B. Waltzek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (K.S.); (S.A.K.); (T.B.W.)
| | - Felipe Pierezan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-010, Brazil;
| | - Ruixue Hu
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; or (Z.Y.); (S.Y.); (R.H.)
| | - Esteban Soto
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; or (Z.Y.); (S.Y.); (R.H.)
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17
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Lv Z, Hu Y, Tan J, Wang X, Liu X, Zeng C. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Molecular Immunopathogenesis of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle ( Trionyx sinensis) Infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111218. [PMID: 34827211 PMCID: PMC8615003 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Trionyx sinensis) is an important cultured reptile in East Asia. Hemorrhagic sepsis caused by Aeromonas hydrophila infection is the dominant disease in the aquaculture of Chinese soft-shelled turtles, while the molecular pathology is far from clear due to the lag of research on turtle immunology. It has been reported in mammals and fish that the dysfunction of immune responses to pathogen infections causes host tissue hemorrhagic sepsis. In this study, two groups of turtles with different susceptibility to A. hydrophila infection are found. A comparative transcriptome strategy is adopted to examine the gene expression profiles in liver and spleen for these two phenotypes of turtles post A. hydrophila infection, for the first time revealing the full picture of immune mechanisms against A. hydrophila, which provides new insight into the molecular pathology during A. hydrophila infection in T. sinensis. The findings will promote further investigations on pathogenic mechanisms of hemorrhagic sepsis caused by A. hydrophila infection in T. sinensis, and also will benefit their culture industry. Abstract Although hemorrhagic sepsis caused by Aeromonas hydrophila infection is the dominant disease in the aquaculture of Chinese soft-shelled turtle, information on its molecular pathology is seriously limited. In this study, ninety turtles intraperitoneally injected with A. hydrophila exhibited two different phenotypes based on the pathological symptoms, referred to as active and inactive turtles. Comparative transcriptomes of liver and spleen from these two groups at 6, 24, and 72 h post-injection (hpi) were further analyzed. The results showed that cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, PRRs mediated signaling pathway, apoptosis, and phagocytosis enriched in active and inactive turtles were significantly different. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, the TLR signaling pathway, NLR signaling pathway, and RLR signaling pathway mediating cytokine expression, and apoptosis-related genes, were significantly up-regulated in inactive turtles at the early stage (6 hpi). The significant up-regulation of phagocytosis-related genes occurred at 24 hpi in inactive turtles and relatively lagged behind those in active turtles. The anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL10, was significantly up-regulated during the tested periods (6, 24, and 72 hpi) in active turtles. These findings offer valuable information for the understanding of molecular immunopathogenesis after A. hydrophila infection, and facilitate further investigations on strategies against hemorrhagic sepsis in Chinese soft-shelled turtle T. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Lv
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (J.T.); (X.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Yazhou Hu
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (J.T.); (X.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Jin Tan
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (J.T.); (X.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (J.T.); (X.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (J.T.); (X.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Cong Zeng
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence:
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18
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Zhang T, Zhang Y, Xu J, Yan Z, Sun Q, Huang Y, Wang S, Li S, Sun B. Toxic effects of ammonia on the intestine of the Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117617. [PMID: 34174666 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intestines contain a large number of microorganisms that collectively play a vital role in regulating physiological and biochemical processes, including digestion, water balance, and immune function. In this study, we explored the effects of ammonia stress on intestinal inflammation, the antioxidant system, and the microbiome of the Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea). Exposure to varying ammonia concentrations (10 and 25 mg N/L) and exposure times (7 and 14 days) resulted in damage to C. fluminea intestinal tissue, according to histological analysis. Furthermore, intestinal inflammatory responses and damage to the antioxidant system were revealed through qPCR, ELISA, and biochemical analysis experiments. Inflammatory responses were more severe in the treatment group exposed to a lower concentration of ammonia. High-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing showed that ammonia stress under different conditions altered intestinal bacterial diversity and microbial community composition, particularly impacting the dominant phylum Proteobacteria and genus Aeromonas. These results indicate that ammonia stress can activate intestinal inflammatory reactions, damage the intestinal antioxidant system, and alter intestinal microbial composition, thereby impeding intestinal physiological function and seriously threatening the health of C. fluminea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, PR China.
| | - Jiayun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China.
| | - Zhenguang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China.
| | - Qianhang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China.
| | - Yi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China.
| | - Shuping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China.
| | - Shuo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China.
| | - Binbin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
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Zhong W, Tang P, Liu T, Zhao T, Guo J, Gao Z. Linalool Nanoemulsion Preparation, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity against Aeromonas hydrophila. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011003. [PMID: 34681662 PMCID: PMC8538616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the most important aquatic pathogens causing huge economic losses to aquaculture. Linalool, a vital ingredient of a variety of essential oils, was proved as a good antimicrobial agent in our previous studies. However, the low solubility and volatility of Linalool obstruct its application in the field of aquatic drugs. Thus, in this study, Linalool nano-emulsion (LN) was prepared to solve these obstructions. We investigated the physicochemical properties, antibacterial activity, and mode of action of LN against A. hydrophila. LN with different medium chain triglycerides (MCT) concentrations were prepared by ultrasonic method. The results showed that the emulsion droplet size of LN was the smallest when MCT was not added to the formulation. Nano-emulsions are usually less than 500 nm in diameter. In our study, LN in this formulation were spherical droplet with a diameter of 126.57 ± 0.85 nm and showed good stability. LN showed strong antibacterial activity, the MIC and MBC values were 0.3125% v/v and 0.625% v/v, respectively. The bacterial population decreased substantially at 1 × MIC of LN. LN exhibited disruptive effect on cell membranes by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The present study provided a formulation of Linalool nano-emulsion preparation. Moreover, the good antibacterial activity of LN showed in our study will promote the application of Linalool for the control and prevention of A. hydrophila in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Zhong
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.Z.); (P.T.); (T.Z.)
| | - Puyu Tang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.Z.); (P.T.); (T.Z.)
| | - Ting Liu
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.Z.); (P.T.); (T.Z.)
| | - Jiajing Guo
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P. R. China, Institute of Food Science and Technology CAAS, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhipeng Gao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.Z.); (P.T.); (T.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Z.G.)
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