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Li J, Zhao M, Zhang X, Zheng Z, Yao D, Yang S, Chen T, Zhang Y, Aweya JJ. The evolutionary adaptation of shrimp hemocyanin subtypes and the consequences on their structure and functions. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109347. [PMID: 38160900 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hemocyanin is the main respiratory protein of arthropods and is formed by hexameric and/or oligomeric subunits. Due to changes in the living environment and gene rearrangement, various hemocyanin subtypes and subunits evolved in crustaceans. This paper reviews the various hemocyanin subtypes and isoforms in shrimp and analyses published genomic data of sixteen hemocyanin family genes from Litopenaeus vannamei to explore the evolution of hemocyanin genes, subunits, and protein structure. Analysis of hemocyanin subtypes distribution and structure in various tissues was also performed and related to multiple and tissue-specific functions, i.e., immunological activity, immune signaling, phenoloxidase activity, modulation of microbiota homeostasis, and energy metabolism. The functional diversity of shrimp hemocyanin due to molecular polymorphism, transcriptional regulation, alternative splicing, degradation into functional peptides, interaction with other proteins or genes, and structural differences will also be highlighted for future research. Inferences would be drawn from other crustaceans to explain how evolution has changed the structure-function of hemocyanin and its implication for evolutionary research into the multifunctionality of hemocyanin and other related proteins in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shen Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Lai X, Ji F, Yu F, Chen H, Shen S, Gao H. Delta of Exopalaemon carinicauda: molecular characterization, expression in different tissues and developmental stages, and its SNPs association analysis with development. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10083-10095. [PMID: 37910385 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Notch signaling pathway plays a significant role in the gene regulatory network of development of vertebrate and invertebrate. However, as a ligand for the Notch signaling pathway, the mechanism of Delta in the development of Exopalaemon carinicauda is still unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS The Delta's molecular characteristics, tissue distribution and their association with development in E. carinicauda were studied by RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA end), qRT-PCR (quantitative Real-time PCR) and SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism), respectively. The delta in E. carinicauda had a full-length cDNA of 2807 bp and its Delta of 808 amino-acid residue had the highest identity with the Delta of Homarus americanus (identity = 76.63%). Delta had the highest expression in the ovary, and its expression varied with different stages of embryonic, larval, and ovarian development. After delta RNA interference (with a highest interference efficiency of 66% at 24 h), the expression of Notch signaling pathway genes and developmental related genes was significantly reduced, and the ovarian development was significantly delayed. Further study found that there were 4 SNPs (ds1-4) in delta cDNA, of which two (ds2 T1521G caused a mutation Asn422Lys and ds3 G1674A caused a mutation Tyr473Cys in the EGF-like domain) were associated with the development of E. carinicauda. The Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) of the ds2 TT genotypes was 37.28% and 134.60% higher than E. carinicauda of GT and GG genotype respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our research indicated that delta was involved in the development of E. carinicauda and provided new insights for molecular breeding with SNP markers in E. carinicauda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment of Jiangsu Province, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China.
- Marine Resource Development institute of Jiangsu (Lianyungang), Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China.
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Fanyue Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment of Jiangsu Province, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feifan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment of Jiangsu Province, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment of Jiangsu Province, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanrui Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment of Jiangsu Province, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment of Jiangsu Province, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China
- Marine Resource Development institute of Jiangsu (Lianyungang), Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
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Si MR, Li YD, Jiang SG, Yang QB, Jiang S, Yang LS, Huang JH, Chen X, Zhou FL. Identification of multifunctionality of the PmE74 gene and development of SNPs associated with low salt tolerance in Penaeus monodon. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:7-18. [PMID: 35843525 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Members of the E74-like factor (ELF) subfamily are involved in the immune stress process of organisms by regulating immune responses and the development of immune-related cells. PmE74 of Penaeus monodon was characterized and functionally analyzed in this study. The full length of PmE74 was 3106 bp, with a 5'-UTR of 297 bp, and a 3'-UTR of 460 bp. The ORF (Open reading frame) was 2349 bp and encoded 782 amino acids. Domain analysis showed that PmE74 contains a typical Ets domain. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that PmE74 clustered with Litopenaeus vannamei E74 and displayed significant similarity (98.98%). PmE74 was expressed in all tissues tested in P. monodon, with the highest levels of expression observed in the testis, intestine, and epidermis. Different pathogen stimulation studies have revealed that PmE74 expression varies in response to different pathogen stimuli. A 96-h acute low salt stress study revealed that PmE74 in the hepatopancreas was upregulated and downregulated in the salinity 17 group and considerably downregulated in the salinity 3 group, whereas PmE74 in gill tissue was considerably downregulated in both groups. Further, by knocking down PmE74 and learning the trends of its linkage genes PmAQP1, PmNKA, PmE75, PmFtz-f1, PmEcR, and PmRXR in response to low salt stress, it was further indicated that PmE74 could have a vital role in the regulation of low salt stress. The SNP test revealed that PmE74-In1-53 was significantly associated with low salt tolerance traits in P. monodon (P < 0.05). The findings of this study can aid in the advancement of molecular marker-assisted breeding in P. monodon, as well as provide fundamental data and methodologies for further investigation of its low salt tolerance strains in P. monodon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ru Si
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510300, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Yun-Dong Li
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510300, China; Tropical Fishery Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya, 572018, China.
| | - Shi-Gui Jiang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510300, China; Tropical Fishery Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya, 572018, China.
| | - Qi-Bin Yang
- Tropical Fishery Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya, 572018, China.
| | - Song Jiang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510300, China.
| | - Li-Shi Yang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510300, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510300, China.
| | - Xu Chen
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510300, China.
| | - Fa-Lin Zhou
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510300, China; Tropical Fishery Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya, 572018, China.
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