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Wang XW, Zhang R, Liu LL, Li HJ, Zhu H. Expression analysis and antiviral activity of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) viperin against carp edema virus (CEV). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109519. [PMID: 38508540 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Viperin, also known as radical S-Adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 (RSAD2), is an IFN stimulated protein that plays crucial roles in innate immunity. Here, we identified a viperin gene from the koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) (kVip). The ORF of kVip is 1047 bp in length, encoding a polypeptide of 348 amino acids with neither signal peptide nor transmembrane protein. The predicted molecular weight is 40.37 kDa and the isoelectric point is 7.7. Multiple sequence alignment indicated that putative kVip contains a radical SAM superfamily domain and a conserved C-terminal region. kVip was highly expressed in the skin and spleen of healthy koi carps, and significantly stimulated in both natural and artificial CEV-infected koi carps. In vitro immune stimulation analysis showed that both extracellular and intracellular poly (I: C) or poly (dA: dT) caused a significant increase in kVip expression of spleen cells. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of recombinant kVip (rkVip) not only reduced the CEV load in the gills, but also improved the survival of koi carps following CEV challenge. Additionally, rkVip administration effectively regulated inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10) and interferon-related molecules (cGAS, STING, MyD88, IFN-γ, IFN-α, IRF3 and IRF9). Collectively, kVip effectively responded to CEV infection and exerted antiviral function against CEV partially by regulation of inflammatory and interferon responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology & Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100068, China; National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology & Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100068, China; National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology & Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100068, China; National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Hui-Juan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology & Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100068, China; National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology & Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100068, China; National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China.
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Adel M, Sakhaie F, Hosseini Shekarabi SP, Gholamhosseini A, Impellitteri F, Faggio C. Dietary Mentha piperita essential oil loaded in chitosan nanoparticles mediated the growth performance and humoral immune responses in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenserbaerii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109321. [PMID: 38122952 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) fry often face environmental stressors that can compromise their immune system, rendering them susceptible to opportunistic pathogens in intensive aquaculture systems. In this study, we explored the innovative use of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Mentha piperita essential oil (MPO/CNPs) as a dietary supplement to improve the growth and immune responses of A. baerii. The results demonstrated that the addition of MPO/CNPs to the diet led to significant improvements in growth, as evidenced by increased red blood cell count, hematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, and reduced triglyceride levels. Furthermore, significant differences were observed in the immune parameters for the treatment groups receiving Mentha piperita essential oil loaded in chitosan nanoparticles (MPO/CNPs), including enhanced lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels, respiratory burst activity, and ACH50 activity. Additionally, gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of key immune-related genes in the MPO/CNPs-treated groups. These findings suggest that the use of MPO/CNPs can enhance the growth and bolster the immune defences of Siberian sturgeon fry, contributing to more sustainable production in intensive aquaculture environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Adel
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Sakhaie
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Pezhman Hosseini Shekarabi
- National Research Center of Saltwater Aquatic Animals, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bafq, Iran
| | - Amin Gholamhosseini
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.
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Deng Y, Ding C, Yang H, Zhang M, Xiao Y, Wang H, Li J, Xiao T, Lv Z. First in vitro and in vivo evaluation of recombinant IL-1β protein as a potential immunomodulator against viral infection in fish. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128192. [PMID: 37979760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
IL-1β is an important proinflammatory cytokine with multifaceted modulatory roles in immune responses. In fish, recombinant IL-1β has been employed in the control of bacterial diseases, while the antiviral mechanisms of IL-1β remain largely unknown, and the efficacy of recombinant IL-1β as an immunomodulator to prevent viral diseases is still not determined. This study evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of recombinant grass carp IL-1β against grass carp reovirus (GCRV) in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, the mature form (Ser111-Lys270) of grass carp IL-1β was identified, and its recombinant protein (designated as rgcIL-1β) was prepared through prokaryotic expression. Then, an in vitro evaluation model for rgcIL-1β activity was established in the CIK cells, with the appropriate concentration (600 ng/mL) and effect time (1 h). In vitro, rgcIL-1β could not only induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α but also a series of antiviral factors including IFN-1, IFN-2, IFN-γ, and ISG15. Mechanistically, transcriptome analysis and western blotting confirmed that rgcIL-1β activated multiple transcriptional factors, including NF-κB, IRF1, IRF3, and IRF8, and the signal pathways associated with inflammatory cytokines and antiviral factors expression. Expectedly, rgcIL-1β treatment significantly inhibited GCRV replication in vitro. In vivo administration of rgcIL-1β via intraperitoneal pre-injection significantly aroused an antiviral response to restrict GCRV replication and intense tissue inflammation in grass carp, demonstrating the immunomodulatory effects of rgcIL-1β. More importantly, rgcIL-1β administrated with 10 ng/g and 1 ng/g could improve the survival rate of grass carp during GCRV infection. This study represents the first time to comprehensively reveal the immunomodulatory and antiviral mechanisms of IL-1β in fish and may also pave the way for further developing recombinant IL-1β as an immunotherapy for the prevention and control of fish viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Deng
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chunhua Ding
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hongquan Wang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Junhua Li
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Tiaoyi Xiao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Zhao Lv
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Ferreira A, Aversa-Marnai M, Villarino A, Silva-Álvarez V. Innate immune and chronic heat stress responses in sturgeons: Advances and insights from studies on Russian sturgeons. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 5:100121. [PMID: 37964807 PMCID: PMC10641160 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress deteriorates the immune function of fish, thereby increasing their vulnerability to infections. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying stress-mediated immunosuppression and infection susceptibility in fish remain largely unknown. Understanding these mechanisms will contribute to improving fish welfare and their farm production. Herein, we review the challenges of sturgeon aquaculture in subtropical countries, where current climate change has giving rise to significant temperature increments during summer. This leads to the exposure of fish to stressful conditions during these months. Chronic heat stress deserves attention considering the rapid warming rate of the planet. It is already affecting wild fish populations, with disastrous consequences for sturgeons, which are one of the most endangered fish species in the world. In this context, we discuss the most recent advances through the studies on the effects of chronic heat stress on the innate immune components of sturgeons. To this end, we summarise the findings of studies focusing on the aquaculture of Russian sturgeons and observations made on other Acipenser species. Special attention is given to acute-phase proteins, as they might be valuable biomarkers of heat stress and infection, with applicability in monitoring the fish health status in farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Ferreira
- Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M. Aversa-Marnai
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A. Villarino
- Sección Bioquímica, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - V. Silva-Álvarez
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Vázquez-Fernández E, Chinchilla B, Rebollada-Merino A, Domínguez L, Rodríguez-Bertos A. An Outbreak of Aeromonas salmonicida in Juvenile Siberian Sturgeons ( Acipenser baerii). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2697. [PMID: 37684961 PMCID: PMC10486345 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida is one of the major threats to world aquaculture, causing fish furunculosis and high mortality rates in cultured fish, particularly salmonids. Although Aeromonas spp. is a thoroughly studied pathogen, little is known regarding aeromoniasis in sturgeons. After a mortality outbreak, four juvenile sturgeons (Acipenser baerii) were submitted for autopsy and tissue samples were collected for histopathological and microbiological studies. The external examination revealed size heterogenicity, skin hyperpigmentation and reduced body condition of sturgeons. Within the abdominal cavity, mild hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were observed, as well as generalized organic congestion. Histology revealed severe multifocal haemorrhagic and ulcerative dermatitis, mainly localized in the dorsal and latero-ventral areas of fish. The histological study also showed moderate to severe inflammation of gills and organic lesions compatible with septicaemia. Bacterial isolates were identified as Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida using MALDI-TOF MS and PCR. Overall, the lesions first described here are consistent with those previously reported in other cultured fish species and contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in the Siberian sturgeon, aside from providing new diagnostic tools for bacterial diseases impacting the fast-growing industry of caviar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Vázquez-Fernández
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.V.-F.); (B.C.); (A.R.-M.); (L.D.)
| | - Blanca Chinchilla
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.V.-F.); (B.C.); (A.R.-M.); (L.D.)
| | - Agustín Rebollada-Merino
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.V.-F.); (B.C.); (A.R.-M.); (L.D.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.V.-F.); (B.C.); (A.R.-M.); (L.D.)
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Bertos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.V.-F.); (B.C.); (A.R.-M.); (L.D.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Peng LT, Li DL, Yang DX, Peng B. Taurine promotes Oreochromis niloticus survival against Edwardsiella tarda infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 129:137-144. [PMID: 36055557 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda represents one of the most important pathogens that infects a variety of hosts including aquatic animals and humans. The outbreak of E. tarda infection is frequently reported in aquaculture that causes huge economic loss. Due to the widespread of antibiotic resistance, available antibiotics to treat bacterial infection are limited. Therefore, enhancing aquatic animals to survive upon E. tarda infection become an urgent issue. In this study, we profiled the metabolomic change of tilapia in-between the dying and survival fish upon E. tarda infection. The dying and survival fish mounts differential metabolic response, from which we identify a key metabolite, taurine, whose abundance is increased in both the survival group and the dying group but is more significant in the survival group. Exogenous taurine increases tilapia survival rate by 37.5% upon E. tarda infection. Further quantitative PCR analysis demonstrate taurine increases the expression of immune genes in liver, spleen and head kidney. Therefore, our study shows a new strategy to enhance fish immune response against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao-Tian Peng
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - De-Li Li
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Dai-Xiao Yang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Wang X, Liu L, Zhang R, Li H, Zhu H. Involvement of galectin-9 from koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the immune response against Aeromonas veronii infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 129:64-73. [PMID: 35940538 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are β-galactoside sugar binding proteins which function as important pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in innate immunity. Here, we identified a galectin-9 gene from koi carp (Cyprinus carpio), named kGal-9. The ORF of kGal-9 is 963 bp in length, which encodes a polypeptide of 320 amino acids without either signal peptide. The predicted molecular weight is 36.25 kDa, and the isoelectric point is 8.3. Multiple sequence alignment showed that the putative kGal-9 contains two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD), which are conserved in Galectin-9s. The phylogenetic tree showed that kGal-9 clustered to Galectin-9s from other teleosts, and shared the highest identity of 87.5% with Qihe crucian (Carassius auratus). kGal-9 mRNA was abundant in head kidney, gills, and gut, but low in liver and muscle. Further, the expression level of kGal-9 in the head kidney and liver increased significantly after Aeromonas veronii (abbreviated A.v) infection. Unexpectedly, kGal-9 showed a remarkable downregulation in the spleen at various time points post A.v infection. Intramuscular injection of pckGal-9 not merely reduced the bacterial load of spleen tissue, but also improved the survival rate of koi carp post A.v challenge. Besides, administration of pckGal-9 stimulated the expression of several immuno-related genes including proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6), anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), complement components (C4, C9), with fluctuation in spleen and head kidney. Taken together, the obtained results suggest that kGal-9 occupies an important role in innate immunity and defense against bacterial infection in koi carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology&Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, PR China; National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lili Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology&Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, PR China; National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology&Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, PR China; National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology&Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, PR China; National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology&Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, PR China; National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing, PR China.
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