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Asnicar D, Stranci F, Monti S, Badocco D, Marčeta T, Munari M, Marin MG. Investigating intraspecific variability in the biological responses of sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus) to seawater acidification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34618-7. [PMID: 39120814 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Alterations in seawater chemistry posed by acidification may lead to immunological and antioxidant defence impairment in sea urchins, with differences among local populations. Here, we analyzed the effects of reduced pH on Paracentrotus lividus, with a multibiomarker approach, and the possible intraspecific variations in sea urchin responses. Two groups of animals with different ecological histories (i.e., the pattern of environmental characteristics and pressures experienced throughout the organism's lifetime) were maintained at ambient pH and pH reduced of 0.4 units for 8 months. Changes in gonadosomatic index (GSI), immunological, and oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed in coelomic fluid, gonads, and digestive tract. Animals maintained at reduced pH showed limited impact of seawater acidification compared to the ambient pH condition. However, sea urchins from the two sites were differently influenced by the seawater pH (as shown by multivariate analyses). GSI and immunological and antioxidant status were differentially modulated between the two sexes, with generally higher values in females, but differences between sexes in relation to the pH of exposure were limited. Overall, our findings highlight that the impact of environmental stressors may differ in sea urchins from different locations. This has implications for the maintenance of P. lividus wild populations under future global change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Asnicar
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Aquatic Biosciences, Huntsman Marine Science Centre, 1 Lower Campus Road, E5B 2L7, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Federica Stranci
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Monti
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Denis Badocco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Tihana Marčeta
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), CNR, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venezia, Italy
| | - Marco Munari
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Fano Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Fano, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Marin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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Mredul MMH, Sokolov EP, Kong H, Sokolova IM. Spawning acts as a metabolic stressor enhanced by hypoxia and independent of sex in a broadcast marine spawner. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 909:168419. [PMID: 37979860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Broadcast spawners, like the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, experience substantial energy expenditure during spawning due to extensive gamete release that can divert energy from other functions. This energetic cost might be intensified by environmental stressors, including hypoxia that suppress aerobic metabolism. However, the energy implications of spawning in marine broadcast spawners have not been well studied. We examined the effects of short-term hypoxia (7 days) and spawning on mitochondrial activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cellular energy allocation (ratio of tissue energy reserves to energy demand) in somatic tissues of M. edulis. Under normoxic conditions, post-spawning (72 h) recovery correlated with increased phosphorylation (OXPHOS) rate in mitochondria from the digestive gland, while hypoxia inhibited this response. Regardless of oxygen levels, mitochondrial ROS production decreased after spawning, indicating M. edulis' ability to prevent oxidative stress. Spawning led to reduced energy reserves in somatic tissues (the gills and the digestive gland), highlighting significant energy cost of spawning primarily fueled by lipid and protein breakdown. Additionally, cellular energy allocation dropped 3 h post-spawning, indicating a shift in energy demand and supply. Normoxic conditions allowed recovery in 72 h, but hypoxia hindered recuperation. These findings underscore spawning's bioenergetic challenge for broadcast spawners like M. edulis, potentially elevating post-spawning mortality risk, especially in hypoxic coastal habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahamudul Hasan Mredul
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eugene P Sokolov
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Leibniz Science Campus Phosphorus Research Rostock, Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Hui Kong
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
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Cho YG, Kim JH, Choi HJ, Jang GI, Oh YK, Lee SJ, Hong SY, Kwon MG, Choi KS. First report of Perkinsus olseni infections in blood cockles Tegillarca granosa on the south coast of Korea. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2023; 156:39-45. [PMID: 38078797 DOI: 10.3354/dao03758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Perkinsus olseni has become a focus of attention since it has been responsible for mass mortalities and economic losses in a wide range of bivalve hosts globally. The P. olseni host range along the south coast of Korea may extend beyond what was previously understood, and blood cockles in the Family Arcidae are also suggested to be potential hosts of P. olseni. In the present study, we applied histology and molecular techniques to identify Perkinsus sp. infections in the blood cockles Tegillarca granosa, which have been commercially exploited on the south coast of Korea for several decades. Histology and molecular techniques, including genus-specific immunofluorescence assay, species-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization, and phylogeny based on the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region revealed that T. granosa is infected by P. olseni, although the prevalence was low (0.5%). Histology revealed massive hemocyte infiltrations in the mantle, gill, and digestive gland connective tissues, indicating that the infection exerts negative impacts on the host cockles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ghan Cho
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 FOUR) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Tidal Flat Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries and Science, Gunsan 54001, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 FOUR) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Choi
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Il Jang
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Kyeong Oh
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Jeong Lee
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Youl Hong
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Gyeong Kwon
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Choi
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 FOUR) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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Espinoza K, Zapata Vívenes E, Lodeiros C. Parámetros hemocitarios y química de la hemolinfa en reproductores de la concha prieta Anadara tuberculosa (Arcoida: Arcidae). REVISTA PERUANA DE BIOLOGÍA 2022. [DOI: 10.15381/rpb.v29i4.23624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Con motivo de conocer el estado de salud de poblaciones silvestres de la concha prieta Anadara tuberculosa se estudiaron los parámetros hemocitarios (viabilidad, conteo total y diferencial, estabilidad lisosomal, fragilidad osmótica) y la química sanguínea (hemoglobina-Hb, proteínas, triglicéridos, glucosa, lactato deshidrogenasa-LDH y catalasa-CAT). Se extrajo hemolinfa en reproductores salvajes aparentemente sanos colectados en la isla Corazón, río Chone, Ecuador. La viabilidad celular fue elevada, con presencia de 5 morfotipos: eritrocitos (74%), granulocitos traslucidos (6%), amebocitos (3%), hialinocitos (12%), blastocitos (5%). Los hemocitos presentaron membranas lisosomales estables al rojo neutro durante 240 min y una fragilidad osmótica media (FO50) de 4.8‰. Las concentraciones de Hb, proteínas, lípidos y glucosa denotan la función respiratoria y reservas energéticas durante los cambios de marea. La actividad de LDH está vinculada al metabolismo anaeróbico y CAT a la capacidad de mantener el equilibrio redox del sistema inmunitario. Los parámetros hemocitarios y química de la hemolinfa pueden servir como índices fisiológicos normales de referencia en reproductores de A. tuberculosa.
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de la Ballina NR, Maresca F, Cao A, Villalba A. Bivalve Haemocyte Subpopulations: A Review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:826255. [PMID: 35464425 PMCID: PMC9024128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.826255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bivalve molluscs stand out for their ecological success and their key role in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, while also constituting a very valuable commercial resource. Both ecological success and production of bivalves depend on their effective immune defence function, in which haemocytes play a central role acting as both the undertaker of the cellular immunity and supplier of the humoral immunity. Bivalves have different types of haemocytes, which perform different functions. Hence, identification of cell subpopulations and their functional characterisation in immune responses is essential to fully understand the immune system in bivalves. Nowadays, there is not a unified nomenclature that applies to all bivalves. Characterisation of bivalve haemocyte subpopulations is often combined with 1) other multiple parameter assays to determine differences between cell types in immune-related physiological activities, such as phagocytosis, oxidative stress and apoptosis; and 2) immune response to different stressors such as pathogens, temperature, acidification and pollution. This review summarises the major and most recent findings in classification and functional characterisation of the main haemocyte types of bivalve molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria R. de la Ballina
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Francesco Maresca
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório de Ciências do Mar, Universidade de Évora, Sines, Portugal
| | - Asunción Cao
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Antonio Villalba
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Plentziako Itsas Estazioa (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Antonio Villalba,
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