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Lu J, Yu M, Li J. PKC-δ Promotes IL-1β-Induced Apoptosis of Rat Chondrocytes and Via Activating JNK and P38 MAPK Pathways. Cartilage 2024; 15:315-327. [PMID: 37491820 DOI: 10.1177/19476035231181446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Protein kinase C-delta (PKC-δ) is involved in apoptosis. This study aimed to establish whether PKC-δ can further promote IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis by mediating the phosphorylation of the JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways In osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS We employed chondrocyte staining to determine the extent of cartilage degeneration. PKC-δ and p38 signal expressions were used in the immunohistochemical (IHC) test and apoptosis was assayed at the TUNEL test in human osteoarthritic and controls. We stimulated rat cartilage cells using IL-1β (10 ng/ml)/rottlerin (10 μM) or lentivirus. To determine the apoptosis rate, we employed flow cytometry. The mRNA of both BCL2-related X (BAX) and cysteine aspartate protease 3 (caspase-3) could be measured via qRT-PCR. Western blot measured the protein levels of BAX, caspase-3, PKC-δ, p-JNK/JNK and p-p38/p38. RESULTS The positive rate of PKC-δ and the apoptotic rate of chondrocytes in OA were higher than controls. The manifestation of PKC-δ was positively related to the degree of cartilage degeneration, p38 protein expression, and apoptosis rate. IL-1β exposure upregulated PKC-δ expression in chondrocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Decreasing PKC-δ expression and its phosphorylation in OA can inhibit MAPK signaling pathway activation (phosphorylation) by downregulating JNK and p38 protein phosphorylation and expression. This inhibition decreases caspase-3 and BAX levels, consequently lowering the apoptosis rate in chondrocytes. CONCLUSION PKC-δ activation by IL-1β in OA promotes chondrocyte apoptosis via activation of the JNK and p38 MAPK signal pathways, thereby promoting the OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Lu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Zeng Y, Jiang R, Deng J, Cheng D, Wang W, Ye J, He C, Zhang C, Zhang H, Zheng H. Characterization of MKK family genes and their responses to temperature stress and Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in noble scallop Chlamys nobilis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 201:106695. [PMID: 39205359 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MKK), the key element of the Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, is crucial for the immune response to adverse environments in aquatic animals. Nevertheless, there is limited information regarding the role of the MKK gene family in mollusks. In our study, genome data and transcriptome were used to identify four MKK genes (CnMKK4, CnMKK5, CnMKK6, and CnMKK7) in the noble scallop. The result of the gene structure, motif analysis, and phylogenetic tree revealed that MKK genes are relatively conserved in bivalves. Moreover, four CnMKK genes were significantly highly expressed in immune-related tissues, suggesting that CnMKKs may related to bivalve immunity. Furthermore, CnMKK6 and CgMKK4 were significantly differentially expressed (P < 0.05) under 24 h of temperature stress, and all CnMKKs were significantly differentially expressed (P < 0.05) under 24 h of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. These results showed that the CnMKKs may have a significant impact under biotic and abiotic stresses. In conclusion, the result of the CnMKKs provides valuable insights into comprehending the function of MKK genes in mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetao Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Sciences Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Research Center of Engineering Technology for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Ruolin Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Sciences Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Research Center of Engineering Technology for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jingwen Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Sciences Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Research Center of Engineering Technology for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Dewei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beihai, 536009, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Sciences Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Research Center of Engineering Technology for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jianming Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Sciences Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Research Center of Engineering Technology for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Cheng He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Sciences Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Research Center of Engineering Technology for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Chuanxu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Sciences Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Research Center of Engineering Technology for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hongkuan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Sciences Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Research Center of Engineering Technology for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Huaiping Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Sciences Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Research Center of Engineering Technology for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou, 515063, China.
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Yang Q, Yang XD, Liu MQ, Zeng C, Zhao HK, Xiang KW, Hou ZS, Wen HS, Li JF. Transcriptome analysis of liver, gill and intestine in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) symptomatically or asymptomatically infected with Vibrio anguillarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108643. [PMID: 36871630 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), an important economic cold-water fish worldwide, is severely threatened by viruses and bacteria in the farming industry. The vibriosis outbreak has caused a significant setback to aquaculture. Vibrio anguillarum, one of the common disease-causing vibriosis associated with severe lethal vibriosis in aquaculture, infects fish mainly by adsorption and invasion of the skin, gills, lateral line and intestine. To investigate the defense mechanism of rainbow trout against the pathogen after infection with Vibrio anguillarum, trout were intraperitoneally injected by Vibrio anguillarum and divided into symptomatic group (SG) and asymptomatic group (AG) according to the phenotype. RNA-Seq technology was used to evaluate the transcriptional signatures of liver, gill and intestine of trout injected with Vibrio anguillarum (SG and AG) and corresponding control groups (CG(A) and CG(B)). The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were used to investigate the mechanisms underlying the differences in susceptibility to Vibrio anguillarum. Results showed that in SG, immunomodulatory genes in the cytokine network were activated and tissue function-related genes were down-regulated, while apoptosis mechanisms were activated. However, AG responded to Vibrio anguillarum infection by activating complement related immune defenses, while metabolism and function related genes were up-regulated. Conclusively, a rapid and effective immune and inflammatory response can successfully defend Vibrio anguillarum infection. However, a sustained inflammatory response can lead to tissue and organ damage and cause death. Our results may provide a theoretical basis for breeding rainbow trout for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng-Qun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong-Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai-Wen Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi-Shuai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Shen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ji-Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
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Xiang K, Yang Q, Liu M, Yang X, Li J, Hou Z, Wen H. Crosstalk between Growth and Osmoregulation of GHRH-SST-GH-IGF Axis in Triploid Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158691. [PMID: 35955823 PMCID: PMC9369269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Smolting is an important development stage of salmonid, and an energy trade-off occurs between osmotic regulation and growth during smolting in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Growth hormone releasing hormone, somatostatin, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor (GHRH-SST-GH-IGF) axis exhibit pleiotropic effects in regulating growth and osmotic adaptation. Due to salmonid specific genome duplication, increased paralogs are identified in the ghrh-sst-gh-igf axis, however, their physiology in modulating osmoregulation has yet to be investigated. In this study, seven sst genes (sst1a, sst1b, sst2, sst3a, sst3b, sst5, sst6) were identified in trout. We further investigated the ghrh-sst-gh-igf axis of diploid and triploid trout in response to seawater challenge. Kidney sst (sst1b, sst2, sst5) and sstr (sstr1b1, sstr5a, sstr5b) expressions were changed (more than 2-fold increase (except for sstr5a with 1.99-fold increase) or less than 0.5-fold decrease) due to osmoregulation, suggesting a pleiotropic physiology of SSTs in modulating growth and smoltification. Triploid trout showed significantly down-regulated brain sstr1b1 and igfbp2a1 (p < 0.05), while diploid trout showed up-regulated brain igfbp1a1 (~2.61-fold, p = 0.057) and igfbp2a subtypes (~1.38-fold, p < 0.05), suggesting triploid trout exhibited a better acclimation to the seawater environment. The triploid trout showed up-regulated kidney igfbp5a subtypes (~6.62 and 7.25-fold, p = 0.099 and 0.078) and significantly down-regulated igfbp5b2 (~0.37-fold, p < 0.05), showing a conserved physiology of teleost IGFBP5a in regulating osmoregulation. The IGFBP6 subtypes are involved in energy and nutritional regulation. Distinctive igfbp6 subtypes patterns (p < 0.05) potentially indicated trout triggered energy redistribution in brain and kidney during osmoregulatory regulation. In conclusion, we showed that the GHRH-SST-GH-IGF axis exhibited pleiotropic effects in regulating growth and osmoregulatory regulation during trout smolting, which might provide new insights into seawater aquaculture of salmonid species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhishuai Hou
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (H.W.); Tel.: +86-133-4524-7715 (Z.H.); +86-532-8203-1825 (H.W.)
| | - Haishen Wen
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (H.W.); Tel.: +86-133-4524-7715 (Z.H.); +86-532-8203-1825 (H.W.)
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